光调控分子有序聚集体及其功能化研究进展

双亲分子在溶液中可以缔合形成胶束、囊泡、液晶、乳液等有序分子聚集体。在分子中引入功能性的基团,通过改变分子的结构、浓度或引入外部刺激,可以对有序分子聚集体的类型和性能进行调控。光作为一种绿色可控的清洁能源,是一种理想的外部刺激信号。在双亲分子中引入感光基团,可以通过光照调节有序聚集体的组装,并进一步实现功能性的调控。本文综述了近年来在光调控分子有序聚集体方面的研究及其在生物、传导、纳米材料制备中的应用。同时,对光调控的功能性有序分子聚集体未来的发展前景进行了展望。     

RNA as multitude/RNA as one

In the configurations formed by RNA and its ions there are structural possibilities not yet realized; some are hinted at in new work on the binding of an amino acid analog.     

Extraction of cations as salts of fatty acids : Beryllium as Butyrate

The extraction of beryllium has been carried out in the presence of butyric acid. Of the solvents tried, viz., ether, benzene, chloroform, amyl acetate, ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride, chloroform is found to be the best, ethyl acetate being the next. 30.7 mg of BeO in solution as chloride is raised to a pH of 9.3 to 9.5 to which 10-15 ml of butyric acid is added. Four extractions with chloroform extract 99% of beryllium.     

朱砂中汞的生物可接受性及其吸收与排泄

研究了朱砂中汞的生物可接受性及其在体内的吸收与排泄.采用体外消化透析法测定了朱砂中汞的生物可接受性;计算了大鼠灌胃给予临床剂量(50mg/kg)朱砂后汞的药动学参数;测定了给予临床剂量的朱砂后大鼠粪样中汞的排泄量.结果表明,朱砂中汞的溶出率为0.011%,生物可接受率为0.003 3%.大鼠灌胃给予临床剂量的朱砂后,汞的药动学参数为:最高血药浓度(ρmax)为(6.3±1.3)μg/L,达峰时间(tmax)为(1.3±0.4)h,半衰期(t1/2)为(4.2±0.5)h,血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC)为(54.7±8.7)μg.h.L-1.给予朱砂12h后汞在粪便中排泄量最大,96h后在粪样中仍可检测到少量汞.朱砂中汞的生物可接受性较低,在体内吸收少,滞留时间较长,排泄缓慢,长期服用可在体内蓄积,产生毒性.     

Synthesis of Au nanoparticle-conductive polyaniline composite using H2O2 as oxidising as well as reducing agent

We report a new method of synthesis of an Au nanoparticle-conductive polyaniline composite by using H2O2 both for reduction of HAuCl4 and polymerization of aniline in the same aqueous medium: the electrical conductivity of the composite has been measured to be two orders of magnitude higher than the polymer itself.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new substituted benzoxazepine and benzothiazepine as antipsychotic as well as anticonvulsant agents

Various 2-((2-((5-benzylideneamino)-1,3,4-oxa/thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl)hydrazinyl) methyl)benzo[b][1,4]oxa/thiazepin-4(5H)-ones (4a–4l), 2-((2-((5-(4-oxo-2-substitutedphenyl thiazolidin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxa/thiadiazol-2-yl)methyl)hydrazinyl)methyl)benzo [b] [1,4]oxa/thiazepin-4(5H)-ones (5a–5l) and 2-((2-((5-(3-chloro-2-(substitutedphenyl)-4-oxoazetidin-1-yl)-1,3,4-oxa/thia diazol-2-yl)methyl)hydrazinyl)methyl)benzo[b][1,4]oxa/thiazepin-4(5H)-ones (6a–6l) have been synthesized. The structures of these compounds have been established by elemental (C, H, N) and spectral (IR, ¹H-NMR and Mass) analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antipsychotic and anticonvulsant activities. Compound 5l was found to be the most active compound of this series.     

Evaluation of titania as an ion-exchanger and as a ligand-exchanger in HPLC

Summary The chromatographic properties of titania have been compared with those of zirconia and alumina, by comparison of their relative Lewis acidities whenp-substituted benzoic acids were chromatographed with aqueous mobile phases. The retention behavior ofp-substituted benzoic acids on titania was found to be similar to that on zirconia; the slopes of plots of retention factors against solute pK _a were approximately parallel for all pH values and the slopes obtained were similar to the average slope for zirconia. The shapes of solute peaks on titania were more symmetrical than on alumina and zirconia. The effect of calcination temperature on the chromatographic properties of titania was examined by use of titania prepared at different temperatures. The results obtained clearly showed that the preparation temperature affected the chromatographic properties of titania. It seemed, for example, that titania dried at 40°C behaved as a cation-exchanger, titania heated at 200°C behaved as an amphoteric exchanger, and titania calcined at 600°C behaved as an anion-exchanger in the pH range 4.1–6.5 It was found that the control of the preparation temperature enabled us to make effective use of titania.     

Production of Dihydrogen Using Ammonia Borane as Reagent and Pyrazole as Catalyst

Theoretical chemistry (DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-TZVP//M06-2x/aug-cc-pVDZ) was used to design a system based on ammonia boranes catalyzed by pyrazoles with the aim of producing dihydrogen, nowadays of high interest as clean fuel. The reactivity of ammonia borane and cyclotriborazane were investigated, including catalytic activation through 1H-pyrazole, 4-methoxy-1H-pyrazole, and 4-nitro-1H-pyrazole. The results point toward a catalytic cycle by which, at the same time, ammonia borane can initially store and then, through catalysis, produce dihydrogen and amino borane. Subsequently, amino borane can trimerize to form cyclotriborazane that, in presence of the same catalyst, can also produce dihydrogen. This study proposes therefore a consistent progress in using environmentally sustainable (metal free) catalysts to efficiently extract dihydrogen from small B−N bonded molecules.     

Structured polyphenylenes as carriers of palladium nanoparticles used as selective hydrogenation catalysts

Structured polyphenylenes that are used as matrices for immobilization of palladium nanoparticles are synthesized through the cyclocondensation of acetylaromatic compounds followed by structuring at different temperatures and, as a result, different crosslink densities. The relationship between the structure and structuring temperature of the polymers is investigated. It is shown that the sizes of palladium nanoparticles immobilized in polyphenylene matrices depend on the conditions of polymer structuring. The resulting catalytic systems are examined for the selective hydrogenation of triple bonds in acetylene alcohols.     

Foldamers as reactive sieves: reactivity as a probe of conformational flexibility

A series of m-phenyleneethynylene (mPE) oligomers modified with a dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) unit were treated with methyl sulfonates of varying sizes and shapes, and the relative reactivities were measured by UV spectrophotometry. Using a small-molecule DMAP analogue as a reference, each of the methyl sulfonates was shown to react at nearly identical rate. In great contrast, oligomers that are long enough to fold, and hence capable of binding the methyl sulfonate, experience rate enhancements of 18-1600-fold relative to that of the small-molecule analogue, depending on the type of alkyl chain attached to the guest. Three different oligomer lengths were studied, with the longest oligomers exhibiting the fastest rate and greatest substrate specificity. Even large, bulky guests show slightly enhanced methylation rates compared to that with the reference DMAP, which suggests a dynamic nature to the oligomer's binding cavity. Several mechanistic models to describe this behavior are discussed.     

Phosphomolybdic heteropolycompounds as oxidation catalysts. Effect of transition metals as counter-ions

Phosphomolybdic compounds were first described as active catalysts in heterogeneous catalytic reactions some twenty-five years ago. Research on these catalysts underwent a huge acceleration when an industrial application in the oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid was reported. They were later developed with success as catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid into methacrylic acid for which they surpass in many aspects the FePO catalysts. More recently phosphomolybdic catalysts were shown to be very efficient for the oxidation of light alkanes. The structure of these ionic solids with discrete cations and anions can be defined at the molecular level of the heteropolyanion 〚PMo₁₂O₄₀〛^3–, this feature makes them attractive for fundamental studies on catalytic reaction mechanism or catalytic site visualization. In the latter case they represent a unique model of a mixed oxide cluster that can be advantageously used to design new catalysts. Starting from the acid H₃〚PMo₁₂O₄₀〛 two substitution types leading to important modifications of the catalytic properties are possible: (i) the substitution of protons with counter-cations, (ii) the substitution of molybdenum in the anions. This review addresses the effect of transition metals substituting protons on both catalytic and physicochemical properties. It will focus on the influence of iron, copper and vanadyl directly introduced as counter-cations and that of vanadium initially substituting molybdenum in the anion but which moves out due to a partial rebuilding of the anions under catalytic reaction conditions. These transition metals have important and complex effects and have been widely studied. In both cases alkaline metals substituting protons have been also studied.     

Gravimetric estimation of uranium as oxinate using complexone as a masking agent

Summary The scope of complexone (disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) as masking agent has been further extended. Uranium is estimated as oxinate in presence of Th, R. E. and Zr. Uranium is also estimated in presence of 100 mg. of Th, and 30 mg. of R. E. respectively in presence of 100 mg. of P₂O₅. Uranium has been separated from V₂O₅ by reducing the latter in mild acid solution with complexone itself.     

A photoactivated trans-diammine platinum complex as cytotoxic as cisplatin

The synthesis and X-ray structure (as the tetrahydrate) of the platinum(IV) complex trans,trans,trans-[Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2)(NH(3))(2)] 3 are described and its photochemistry and photobiology are compared with those of the cis isomer cis,trans,cis-[Pt(N(3))(2)(OH)(2)(NH(3))(2)] 4. Complexes 4 and 3 are potential precursors of the anticancer drug cisplatin and its inactive trans isomer transplatin, respectively. The trans complex 3 is octahedral, contains almost linear azide ligands, and adopts a layer structure with extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The intense azide-to-platinum(IV) charge-transfer band of complex 3 (285 nm; epsilon=19 500 M(-1) cm(-1)) is more intense and bathochromically shifted relative to that of the cis isomer 4. In contrast to transplatin, complex 3 rapidly formed a platinum(II) bis(5'-guanosine monophosphate) (5'-GMP) adduct when irradiated with UVA light, and did not react in the dark. Complexes 3 and 4 were non-toxic to human skin cells (keratinocytes) in the dark, but were as cytotoxic as cisplatin on irradiation for a short time (50 min). Damage to the DNA of these cells was detected by using the "comet" assay. Both trans- and cis-diammine platinum(IV) diazide complexes therefore have potential as photochemotherapeutic agents.     

A dual role of phenylboronic acid as a receptor for carbohydrates as well as a quencher for neighboring pyrene fluorophore

A simple amino acid based compound (1) containing a phenyl boronic group and pyrene fluorophore showed an enhanced fluorescence in aqueous solutions at physiological pH through suppression of the photoinduced electron transfer from pyrene to boronic acid on carbohydrate binding. The compound exhibited an interesting fluorescence change depending on pH with decreased emission intensity at acidic pH but enhanced emission intensity at basic pH unlike the fluorescent carbohydrate chemosensors using a PET process with amine and aryl-boronic acid. We have characterized a dual role of phenylboronic acid as a receptor for carbohydrates as well as a quencher for the fluorescence of pyrene fluorophore.     

肉豆蔻中赭曲霉毒素的测定及赭曲霉毒素产毒菌的分离鉴定

建立了同时测定肉豆蔻中3种赭曲霉毒素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS).样品经70％甲醇超声提取,HLB柱净化,采用Agilent Proshell 120 EC C18色谱柱,以乙腈(含0.1％甲酸)-水(含0.1％甲酸)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,于电喷雾离子源正负离子模式下多反应监测模式检测.结果表明...     

Synthesis of pyrazolecarbonylaminopyridinecarboxamides as herbicides

Target compounds from a herbicide lead area, pyrazolecarboxamides, were selected and synthesized. These targets were chosen based on 1) “structural” similarities of 2a-c with other known bleaching herbicides, and 2) the structure activity relationship previously established with analogs of the lead compound 2a . Syntheses of three target compounds were accomplished, two of which involved various transformations and regioselective additions with a pyridine nucleus to afford novel pyridine derivatives. These targets were tested in whole plant assays with the herbicidal data reported.     

酪氨酸酶催化下以吡啰红为指示剂荧光测定青蒿素

Fluorescence decrease ratio （F0/F） was applied to determination of artemisinin （qinghaosu, QHS） based on the catalytic effect of tyrosinase using tetraethyldiaminoxanthenyl chloride （pyronine B, PB） as monitor. A catalyst used commonly in the decomposition of QHS, tyrosinase, exhibited higher binding activity than hemin, which was expressed as Michaelis-Menten parameters, km, Vmax, and kcat respectively. Interaction of QHS with tyrosinase was inhibited in the presence of deactivating agents at high temperature whereas enhanced by ethanol. Under optimal conditions, a concentration of 1.4×10^-7-8.4×10^-7 mol·L^-1of QHS could be determined on the basis of fluorescence decrease ratio of PB, with a detection limit 3tr of 2.6×10^-9 mol·L^-1. The proposed method was applied to detection of the concentration of QHS in the media of plasma and urine.     

Synthesis of Dihydrobenzofuran Neoligans Licarin A and Dihydrocarinatin as Well as Related Triazolylglycosides

Two natural dihydrobenzofuran neolignans licarin A（1） and dihydrocarinatin（2） were systhesized from isoeugenol with Ag20-catalyzed biomimetic oxidative coupling as the key step. Four novel dihydrobenzofuran triazolylglycoside（3--6） were achieved in good yields via Cu（I）-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions of licarin A terminal alkynes with different azide acetylated sugar and deacetylation with sodium methoxide in anhydrous methanol. The structures of all the compounds synthesized were determined by elemental analysis, MS, 1H NMR and ~3C NMR. And the inhibition activity of synthesized compounds on a-glucosidase was determined by in vitro experiments. The results show that triazolyglycosides 3, 4, 5 and 6 show moderate inhibitory activity on a-glucosidase.