聚集诱导发光分子在微生物检测和抗菌治疗中的应用

微生物检测和抗菌治疗与人类健康息息相关,快速检测和有效清除病原微生物对疾病治疗至关重要。传统的微生物检测方法如酶联免疫吸附检测（ELISA）、聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术等,通常操作步骤复杂、耗时长且对仪器要求较高。另一方面,耐药性微生物的出现使得新型抗菌疗法的研发成为亟待解决的问题。聚集诱导发光分子（AIEgens）由于其出色的荧光和光敏性能,在微生物检测和抗菌治疗中表现出巨大的应用潜力。本文对AIEgens在微生物检测中的应用进行简要综述,总结了基于AIEgens的光动力治疗（photodynamic therapy, PDT）在细菌感染和多重耐药性细菌的清除中的应用研究,并对存在的不足以及未来的发展前景进行了讨论和展望。     

聚集诱导发光分子在光动力治疗中的研究进展

光动力治疗(PDT)已成为治疗癌症的重要方法之一。传统光敏剂由于存在选择性差、易光漂白等问题,极大地限制了其在临床上的应用。而具有聚集诱导发光特性的荧光分子(AIEgens),在光照条件下能产生活性氧,并能够将肿瘤细胞杀死,具有治疗癌症的功效。此外,AIEgens还具有易制备、荧光特性优异、生物相容性好以及被动靶向效应(EPR效应)等优点,已被广泛应用于光动力治疗领域,并取得了巨大的发展,具有潜在的医学应用价值。该文主要概括并讨论了近5年来AIEgens在光动力治疗中的研究进展,并进行了展望。     

聚集诱导发光高分子在光学诊疗应用中的研究进展

高分子因其优异的光学特性、良好的生物相容性和分子结构易于调控等优势,在光学诊疗领域表现出巨大应用潜力.然而,传统荧光分子的聚集导致荧光淬灭现象限制了其生物应用.聚集诱导发光(AIE)分子因其聚集态高效发光的优势而备受关注.本文从AIE高分子的构建出发,重点介绍了D-A型共轭聚合物的构建策略、构-效关系以及相对于小分子的性能和应用优势,并从生物成像、肿瘤诊疗和抗菌三个方面总结了AIE高分子在光学诊疗领域的最新研究进展.生物成像方面主要总结了NIR-Ⅱ区AIE高分子在深部组织高分辨率荧光成像中的应用;肿瘤诊疗方面主要介绍了AIE高分子在光动力治疗、光热治疗及联合治疗中的应用;以及介绍了AIE高分子在细菌感染光动力治疗中的应用.最后对AIE高分子在光学诊疗领域的未来发展前景进行了展望.     

聚集诱导发光型光敏剂用于线粒体靶向光动力治疗

光动力治疗是一种基于光敏剂和光照的安全无创性治疗方法,在癌症治疗和杀菌等方面具有广阔的应用前景。光敏剂在光照激发下与氧气作用会生成高反应活性的活性氧。在细胞中过量的活性氧会氧化损伤蛋白质、核酸和脂质等细胞组分,诱导细胞凋亡或坏死。新兴的聚集诱导发光型光敏剂在分子聚集状态下光照激发能发射强的荧光,同时高效地产生活性氧,解决了传统光敏剂在分子聚集时荧光猝灭的问题,易实现成像指导的光动力治疗,近年来备受关注。线粒体作为细胞能量工厂富含氧气,是理想的光动力治疗靶点。本文总结了靶向癌细胞线粒体的聚集诱导发光型光敏剂的分子类型和设计策略,以及其在光动力治疗肿瘤方面的应用。     

聚集诱导发光基团修饰的功能化树枝形聚合物及其光物理性质研究

构筑和发展新型光功能树枝形聚合物是当前研究热点之一. 聚集诱导发光(Aggregation Induced Emission. AIE)类化合物以其高固态发光量子产率和广阔的应用前景引起研究者的极大关注, 分子内旋转受限降低了非辐射失活被认为是AIE高固态发光量子产率的主要原因. 在树枝形聚合物的外围修饰聚集诱导发光基团, 改善树枝形聚合物的发光性能, 通过外界环境改变树枝形聚合物分子构象, 实现对功能化树枝形聚合物体系发光的调控, 对扩展光功能树枝形聚合物在发光材料以及光捕获体系中的应用有重要意义.     

聚集诱导发光

聚集诱导发光(AIE)是唐本忠院士于2001年提出的一个科学概念,是指一类在溶液中不发光或者发光微弱的分子聚集后发光显著增强的现象。高效固态发光的AIE材料有望从根本上解决有机发光材料面临的聚集导致发光猝灭难题,具有重大的实际应用价值。从分子内旋转受限到分子内运动受限,从聚集诱导发光到聚集体科学,AIE领域已经取得了许多原创性的成果。在本综述中,我们从AIE材料的分类、机理、概念衍生、性能、应用和挑战等方面讨论了AIE领域最近取得的显著进展。希望本综述能激发更多关于分子聚集体的研究,并推动材料、化学和生物医学等学科的进一步交叉融合和更大发展。     

糖基聚集诱导发光材料的研究进展

聚集诱导发光材料具有优异的光学性质,在传感检测等领域具有广泛用途.由于大部分聚集诱导发光类荧光基团具有很强的疏水性,一定程度上限制了其应用范围.近五年,基于糖类分子结构多样和水溶性好的优势,我们课题组将多种糖类物质和聚集诱导发光分子偶联,制备出一系列糖基聚集诱导发光材料.该类材料有很好的水溶性和生物相容性,能够降低背景荧光和生物毒性.通过和目标检测物结合或者反应,实现了对多种生物活性分子的荧光检测和细胞成像.本文综述了近年来糖基聚集诱导发光材料领域的重要研究进展,以进一步拓展聚集诱导发光材料的应用领域,为生物活性物质功能监测和糖化学生物学的研究等提供有效的研究工具.     

压致变色聚集诱导发光材料

聚集诱导发光化合物分子具有特殊的螺旋桨形扭曲构象结构, 导致其很难在结晶状态下进行紧密堆砌, 使得其结晶结构容易在外力的作用发生改变, 致使其分子能级水平和发光光谱发生变化, 产生压致发光变色现象. 因此, 聚集诱导发光化合物是压致发光变色材料的一个重要来源. 压致变色聚集诱导发光材料是一类重要的压致发光变色材料, 其既具有压致发光变色的性能, 又具有聚集诱导发光的性能. 它是一类智能材料, 在应力传感、商标防伪和发光器件等领域具有重要的潜在应用, 近年来受到人们极大的关注. 本文分类介绍了近年来压致变色聚集诱导发光材料的研究进展.     

聚集诱导发光材料在物证分析领域的应用进展

聚集诱导发光材料作为一类新发展的明星材料,可有效解决物证检验中的诸多难题,在物证分析领域愈发占据重要地位。概述了聚集诱导发光现象的机理及其检测原理,总结了聚集诱导发光材料在物证分析领域的应用进展,主要包括爆炸物分析、潜指纹分析、食品分析及环境分析,并对该类材料应用于实际办案可能的发展方向辅以展望。     

聚集诱导发光天然产物:从发现到其多功能应用

来自于天然产物的聚集诱导发光(AIE)材料具有无需化学合成、生物兼容性好、天然可降解、药理活性等优点,正在逐渐成为环境监测、生物成像和疾病诊断等领域的有力工具.本文综述了目前从天然产物中发现的AIE材料,包括黄连素等生物碱、槲皮素等类黄酮多酚、丹宁酸等非类黄酮多酚以及其他皂苷、维生素等天然化合物.这些材料的发光机制主要有分子运动受限(RIM)、扭转分子内电荷转移(TICT)、激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)、J-聚集、簇发光(CTE)等.基于显著的AIE特性,这些天然产物表现出在pH、离子及生物标志物传感、细胞成像和生物诊疗等领域的巨大应用潜力.期望本文能够加深对聚集诱导发光现象的理解,启发对来源于天然产物的AIE分子的探索及新应用的开发.     

Aggregation-Induced Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species: Mechanism and Photosensitizer Construction

Luminogens with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) have been widely applied in the field of photodynamic therapy. Among them, aggregation-induced emission photosensitizers (AIE–PSs) are demonstrated with high capability in fluorescence and photoacoustic bimodal imaging, as well as in fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. They not only improve diagnosis accuracy but also provide an efficient theranostic platform to accelerate preclinical translation as well. In this short review, we divide AIE–PSs into three categories. Through the analysis of such classification and construction methods, it will be helpful for scientists to further develop various types of AIE–PSs with superior performance.     

Aggregation-Induced Emission: Recent Advances in Materials and Biomedical Applications

The concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) has opened new opportunities in many research fields. Motivated by the unique feature of AIE fluorogens (AIEgens), during the past decade, many AIE molecular probes and AIE nanoparticle (NP) probes have been developed for sensing, imaging and theranostic applications with excellent performance outperforming conventional fluorescent probes. This Review summarizes the latest advancement of AIE molecular probes and AIE NP probes and their emerging biomedical applications. Special focus is to reveal how the AIE probes are evolved with the development of new multifunctional AIEgens, and how new strategies have been developed to overcome the limitations of traditional AIE probes for more translational applications via fluorescence imaging, photoacoustic imaging and image-guided photodynamic/photothermal therapy. The outlook discusses the challenges and future opportunities for AIEgens to advance the biomedical field.     

具有聚集诱导发光性质的近红外荧光染料

聚集诱导发光(AIE)现象的发现为解决传统有机荧光分子在高浓度和聚集形态下存在的荧光猝灭问题提供了最佳方案,并实现了在光电器件、化学传感、生物成像和靶向治疗等众多领域的广泛应用.随着对AIE 发光机理研究的不断深入,AIE 分子体系得到了极大的扩展.其中,一类具有给体-受体结构的AIE分子能够显著降低分子能隙,使发光分...     

Tumor-Exocytosed Exosome/Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogen Hybrid Nanovesicles Facilitate Efficient Tumor Penetration and Photodynamic Therapy

The development of novel photosensitizing agents with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties has fueled significant advances in the field of photodynamic therapy (PDT). An electroporation method was used to prepare tumor-exocytosed exosome/AIE luminogen (AIEgen) hybrid nanovesicles (DES) that could facilitate efficient tumor penetration. Dexamethasone was then used to normalize vascular function within the tumor microenvironment (TME) to reduce local hypoxia, thereby significantly enhancing the PDT efficacy of DES nanovesicles, and allowing them to effectively inhibit tumor growth. The hybridization of AIEgen and biological tumor-exocytosed exosomes was achieved for the first time, and combined with PDT approaches by normalizing the intratumoral vasculature as a means of reducing local tissue hypoxia. This work highlights a new approach to the design of AIEgen-based PDT systems and underscores the potential clinical value of AIEgens.     

Molecularly engineered AIEgens with enhanced quantum and singlet-oxygen yield for mitochondria-targeted imaging and photodynamic therapy

Luminogens characteristic of aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) have been extensively exploited for the development of imaging-guided photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) agents. However, intramolecular rotation of donor–acceptor (D–A) type AIEgens favors non-radiative decay of photonic energy which results in unsatisfactory fluorescence quantum and singlet oxygen yields. To address this issue, we developed several molecularly engineered AIEgens with partially “locked” molecular structures enhancing both fluorescence emission and the production of triplet excitons. A triphenylphosphine group was introduced to form a D–A conjugate, improving water solubility and the capacity for mitochondrial localization of the resulting probes. Experimental and theoretical analyses suggest that the much higher quantum and singlet oxygen yield of a structurally “significantly-locked” probe (LOCK-2) than its “partially locked” (LOCK-1) and “unlocked” equivalent (LOCK-0) is a result of suppressed AIE and twisted intramolecular charge transfer. LOCK-2 was also used for the mitochondrial-targeting, fluorescence image-guided PDT of liver cancer cells.

Luminogens characteristic of aggregation-induced emission (AIEgens) have been engineered for the development of imaging-guided photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) agents.     

An AIE-Active Conjugated Polymer with High ROS-Generation Ability and Biocompatibility for Efficient Photodynamic Therapy of Bacterial Infections

New, biocompatible materials with favorable antibacterial activity are highly desirable. In this work, we develop a unique conjugated polymer featuring aggregation-induced emission (AIE) for reliable bacterial eradication. Thanks to the AIE and donor-π-acceptor structure, this polymer shows a high reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generation ability compared to a low-mass model compound and the common photosensitizer Chlorin E6. Moreover, the selective binding of pathogenic microorganisms over mammalian cells was found, demonstrating its biocompatibility. The effective growth inhibition of bacteria upon polymer treatment under light irradiation was validated in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the recovery from infection after treatment with our polymer is faster than that with cefalotin. Thus, this polymer holds great promise in fighting against bacteria-related infections in practical applications.     

有机小分子纳米粒子的光学诊疗应用

癌症严重威胁着人类健康, 因此, 急需开发高效的诊断和治疗方法. 基于光敏剂和近红外激光的光学诊疗将诊断和治疗集于一体, 与传统的手术治疗和化学治疗相比, 光学诊疗显示出无创性和高空间选择性的优点. 有机小分子染料具有确定且易于修饰的化学结构、 良好的重现性和优异的生物相容性, 与无机和聚合物材料相比, 它是一类具有前景的可用于光学诊疗的光敏剂. 本文总结了基于传统小分子染料、 给体-受体(D-A)共轭小分子和聚集诱导发光(AIE)分子等有机小分子的纳米粒子在光学诊疗中的应用. 此外, 对于光学诊疗用有机小分子染料纳米粒子未来的挑战和前景也进行了展望.     

Time-Dependent Photodynamic Therapy for Multiple Targets: A Highly Efficient AIE-Active Photosensitizer for Selective Bacterial Elimination and Cancer Cell Ablation

Pathogen infections and cancer are two major human health problems. Herein, we report the synthesis of an organic salt photosensitizer (PS), called 4TPA-BQ, by a one-step reaction. 4TPA-BQ presents aggregation-induced emission features. Owing to the aggregation-induced reactive oxygen species generated and a sufficiently small ΔE_ST, 4TPA-BQ shows a satisfactorily high ¹O₂ generation efficiency of 97.8 %. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that 4TPA-BQ exhibited potent photodynamic antibacterial performance against ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli with good biocompatibility in a short time (15 minutes). When the incubation duration persisted long enough (12 hours), cancer cells were ablated efficiently, leaving normal cells essentially unaffected. This is the first reported time-dependent fluorescence-guided photodynamic therapy in one individual PS, which achieves ordered and multiple targeting simply by varying the external conditions. 4TPA-BQ reveals new design principles for the implementation of efficient PSs in clinical applications.     

A Novel Fluorescence Tool for Monitoring Agricultural Industry Chain Based on AIEgens

With the development of the global economy,the safety of agricultural production has attracted intense attention.To minimize the risk of harmful ingredients in the whole industry chain,it is very necessary to cover the entire process of safety inspections from planting to production to environmental management.Fluorescence sensing as a promising and powerful screening tool is widely used for the detection of ions,toxic gases,biological molecules and so on.However,traditional fluorescent probes often suffer from aggregation-induced quenching(ACQ)effects,which limits their practical applications.In this regard,aggregation-induced emission luminogens(AIEgens)can perfectly address this notorious issue and have shown great potential in agricultural safety analysis.In this review,we briefly summarize their applications in agricultural safety monitoring,including the fabrication of agricultural film,agricultural sewage treatment and selective detection of harmful residues in agricultural products.The challenge and future development of AIEgens in this field are also discussed and highlighted.Hopefully,this review can inspire more researchers to participate in this fascinating area.