Thermally Stimulated Luminescence of Montmorillonite Clay

X-ray excited luminescence (XL) spectra of montmorillonite clay at RT showed a broad emission band around 380 nm with two shoulders at 340, 450 nm eitherside two sharp peaks and two shoulders are seen at 465, 487, and 548, 576 nm, respectively. The 548 and 576 nm peaks enhanced their intensity at LNT. Whereas thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) revealed an intense glow peak at 355 K and a weak shoulder around 400 K. Room temperature annealing studies indicated that the 355 K glow peak is not as stable as 400 K shoulder which turns out to be a peak on RT annealing. The X-ray excited luminescence has been attributed to radiative recombination of electrons with holes which are associated with SiO^3-₄, AlO^4-₄ radicals and divalent impurities available in the naturally available clay. TSL is also understood on similar lines. Glow peak reactions are proposed tentatively and their trap parameters have been calculated.     

The Ln–Ba–Cu–O (Ln = Lanthanoid) systems: Compounds and compatibilities in air at 900–980°C

Comparison of phases observed in air at 900–980°C in the Ln–Ba–Cu–O (Ln = Lanthanoid) systems is reported. On the basis of the occurrence of compounds found in these Ln₂O₃–BaCO₃–CuO systems they must be divided into at least three subgroups: the first is characteristic of La, Pr and Nd, the second specific for Sm and Eu, and the third common to the smaller lanthanoids, the Y-type elements, with some variation within the groups.     

Diffusionsuntersuchungen am System Cu–Ti

As a result of diffusion studies in the binary system of Cu–Ti within a temperature range of 750°C and 850°C the intermetallic phases Ti₂Cu, TiCu, Ti₃Cu₄, Ti₂Cu₃ and Ti₂Cu₇ have been detected by means of electron microprobe analysis. Up to now according to the equilibrium diagram of Zwicker the intermetallic phase Ti₃Cu₄ was reported to be instable only. By the present investigation a time dependence of the width of the total diffusion zone as well as of each of the phases, d∼ √t, has been verified, i.e. volume diffusion is dominating. The chemical diffusion coefficients of all phases have been measured for 750°C, 800°C and 850°C. The partial diffusion coefficients for Cu and Ti in Ti₂Cu₇ for 850°C have also been determined. The chemical diffusion coefficients follow the Arrhenius law, the activation energy Q and the frequence constant D₀ could be calculated.     

Synthesis,X‐ray data,and Hall effect measurements of Li‐doped Tl‐Ba‐Ca‐Cu‐O superconductor

Lithium‐doped Tl‐based superconductor was prepared by adding an amount of 0.3 mol.% to the Tl_1.8Ba₂Ca_2.2Cu₃O_x compound. The usual solid‐state reaction method has been applied under optimum conditions. The x‐ray data of the sample show a tetragonal structure with a high ratio of Tl‐2223 superconducting phase. The sample showed a transition at 125 K and the zero resistance was observed at 117 K. Longitudinal (transport) and transverse (Hall) resistivities were measured at different temperatures under different magnetic fields and the data were interpreted. A positive Hall coefficient was observed at normal state and a sign reversal appears at temperatures lower than the critical temperature. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

HREM investigations of intermediate ZnO and ZnO/Y–ZrO2 layers in Y–ZrO2 bicrystals and ZnO films grown on Y–ZrO2 bicrystal substrates

The structure of yttrium-stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) bicrystals with ZnO and ZnO/YSZ/ZnO/YSZ/ZnO intermediate layers, as well as ZnO films grown on YSZ bicrystal (1 1 0)/90° substrates, has been investigated by means of high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and microanalysis. All bicrystals were produced by the solid-phase intergrowth (SPI) method. The internal ZnO film in the bicrystal formed at the SPI temperature of 1400°C consisted of domains with two symmetrical orientations: , and , . A bicrystal with a ZnO/YSZ/ZnO/YSZ/ZnO internal film was formed at the temperature of 1200°C. There was no mixing of ZnO and YSZ films and no traces of any solid-phase reactions were observed. Grains in all internal ZnO films and ZnO films grown on the bicrystal substrates had numerous stacking faults. It was found that SPI does not influence the density and structure of these defects. Orientational relationships between YSZ and ZnO in all samples were determined. The ZnO films grown on (1 1 0)/90° bicrystal substrates inherited the grain boundary (GB) from the substrate. Its structure and geometry is determined by four variants of ZnO grain growth.     

Influence of source composition on the properties of flash-evaporated thin films in the Cu–In–Se system

Using CuIn₂Se_3.5 as source material epitaxial layers are obtained on (111)A- und (100)-oriented GaAs substrates by flash evaporation in the substrate temperature range T_sub = 720—870 K. The composition of the films is between CuInSe₂ and CuIn₂Se_3.5. The structural properties of the films are similar to those for CuInSe₂ epitaxial layers and refer to a chalcopyrite-like structure. The films are always p-type conducting but different acceptor states are found in dependence on the substrate temperature.     

Ce3+∶GdLu2Al5O12/Al2O3共晶微结构及其发光性能

稀土共晶闪烁体是通过定向凝固晶体生长技术,将具有不同折射率的两相制备成具有射线探测功能的共晶材料,其中含有激活离子的闪烁体相的折射率高于基质相。在高能射线辐照下,闪烁体相将入射高能射线转换成荧光,然后,荧光在闪烁体相和基底相的界面以全反射的形式实现定向输出,从而有效提高辐射探测成像的空间分辨率。本工作采用微下降法成功生长得到φ3 mm×117.0 mm 的1.0%(原子数分数)Ce∶GdLu₂Al₅O₁₂/Al₂O₃闪烁共晶样品。通过切割抛光加工得到φ3 mm×2.0 mm的共晶薄片,并将该共晶薄片进行微观结构、能谱分析和荧光性能等表征和测试,结果表明所得到的共晶样品由Ce∶GdLuAG和Al₂O₃两晶相构成,微观结构呈现出“中国结”结构,并在生长方向呈现出一定的有序排列。荧光光谱测试表明该共晶材料存在Gd³⁺-Ce³⁺间的能量传递,具有典型的Ce³⁺辐射跃迁,其中双宽峰发射峰最强位于560 nm。此外,根据生长速率对共晶样品发射峰强、峰位以及荧光寿命影响,优化出最佳下拉生长速率为4.0 mm/min。     

La2O3对莫来石陶瓷微观组织结构的影响

采共沉淀法制备了高纯度莫来石前驱粉体,掺杂La2O3制备莫来石复合陶瓷.利用XRD、SEM等方法对矿物组成和显微结构进行分析表征,并用X'pert High score Plus软件计算莫来石晶格常数,间接分析La2O3掺杂机理.实验结果表明,La2O3的掺杂改变了莫来石陶瓷的微观组织结构,莫来石晶粒由短棒状转变为网状和层状结构;La2O3的掺杂改变了物相组成,生成La1.66Al23.08O37.04,有助于提高莫来石陶瓷的致密性,在1500℃烧成时试样达到理论密度的95;.     

Synthesis and Characterisation of Bulk Textured Phases in the Bi(Pb)—Sr—Ca—Cu—O System

Growth of lead-doped textured Bi-cuprate, using an immersed heater floating zone (TSFZ) apparatus, from a narrow supercooled melt created an essentially dense structure consisting of locally aligned long platelet crystal grains. The extended grains have their long axes parallel to the growth axis with a low angle misorientation. The effect of gas bubbles and the pulling rates on the microstructure and superconducting transition temperature of the textured boules have been studied. The decomposing nature of the 2223 phase on melting leads to form the energetically favourable low T_c 2212 phase.     

Investigations Concerning the Quasi-binary System V2O5 – Nb2O5

In examining the pseudobinary system V₂O₅ – Nb₂O₅ it was possible to isolate, by systematic transport reactions, just one stable compound of the mean composition V_1.057Nb_8.943O₂₅ in addition to the boundary phases, which is in contrast to the data given in the literature. The phase width of this compound is very small and within the confidence limits of the analytical method of determination of 0.2 p.c. A maximum of 50 ppm Nb₂O₅ only dissolve in V₂O₅. Determining the solubility of V₂O₅ in Nb₂O₅ failed, because the two-phase products resulting during the chemical transport of the respective samples could not be separated exactly.     

NaCo2O4陶瓷微观结构对其电性能的影响

采用自助熔剂法制备NaCo2O4多晶粉体、经单向加压和冷等静压两种不同的方式压片后烧结获得NaCo2O4陶瓷,观察并分析其物相和微观形貌,测试其电性能,研究NaCo2O4晶粒择优取向度和相对密度对其电性能的影响.结果表明,样品的择优取向度和相对密度越高,其电导率和功率因子也越高.Na∶ Co =0.7∶1经单向加压的试样较其它试样具有更高的择优取向度和相对密度.其电导率在303 K时达到最大值4.2×104S·m-1,功率因子在823 K时达到最大值450 μW·m-1·K-2.     

Crystal Growth of Lanthanum Beryllium Hexaaluminate LaBeAl11O19 and Fields of Crystallization in the System La2O3–BeO–Al2O3

The fields of crystallization in the system La₂O₃–BeO–Al₂O₃ are investigated. Single crystals of LaBeAl₁₁O₁₉ were grown by the Czochralski technique.     

HRTEM and ELNES analysis of polycarbosilane-derived Si–C–O bulk ceramics

A series of analyses by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) has been carried out to investigate the nanostructure and the chemical bonding of Si–C–O bulk ceramics prepared by pyrolysis of oxygen-controlled polycarbosilane (PCS). HRTEM revealed that the Si–C–O ceramics with higher oxygen content tended to keep an amorphous microstructure. EELS allowed the examination of energy-loss, near-edge-structures (ELNES) that detected clear transition signals of the chemical bonding around Si atoms from Si–C bonding to Si–O bonding with an increase of oxygen content. The microstructure of the PCS-derived Si–C–O bulk ceramics is characterized as a function of oxygen content.     

Phase Equilibrium in the System HgSeO4 – H2SeO4 – H2O at 100°C

The solubility of the system HgSeO₄ – H₂SeO₄ – H₂O was studied at 100 °C. The fields of crystallization of HgSeO₄ H₂O and HgSeO₄ were established. The compounds obtamed were identified by means of chemical, X-ray and crystal-optical analysis. The mechanism of the thermal dissociation of the compounds obtained was studied.     

The Infra-red and Raman Spectra of the Solid Solutions in the KNO3–NH4NO3–H2O System at 298 K

The infra-red and Raman spectra of the solid solutions forming in the KNO₃–NH₄NO₃–H₂O system have been made. The spectra have been in agreement with the structure of mixed crystals settled previously.