重叠网格方法的研究进展

从网格装配和插值计算两个主要方面对现有的重叠网格方法进行了综述。首先,从挖洞方法和建立嵌入网格关系环节的寻点技术出发归纳和介绍了网格装配方法;其次,介绍了数值迭代过程中的插值计算方法,并特别讨论了插值守恒性以及插值计算精度等问题;另外,对重叠网格方法的并行计算和应用成果也作了介绍;最后,通过总结认为重叠网格方法在改进网格装配方法、改善插值和并行计算效率等方面仍需进一步研究。     

复杂区域非结构化四边形网格全自动生成方法

针对多介质平面复杂区域，本文建议了一种基于推进网阵法的全四边形网格自动生成方法，其特点是对不规则区则区域适应能力强，考虑了节理单元自动生成。文中提出了网格质量改进方法，并给出了三个工程算例。     

一种新的全四边形网格快速生成方法——模板法

本文提出了一种正方形亲单元上实现网格在二个坐标方向均能过渡的全四边形单元生成方法，该方法允许正方形周边节点任意分布，并可以对单元密度进行控制，将该方法和映射法结合解决了用映射单元法对结构进行的四边形单元划分时存在的网格过渡的这一关键问题，该方法计算量少，运算速度快，生成单元的形状良好。     

六面体网格再划分过程中畸变和模具干涉单元的处理方法

针对金属体积成形过程中有限元网格畸变和再划分问题,研究了工件网格畸变单元中表面四边形面片分解为三角形面片时的重叠问题,提出了将工件与模具接触区域的工件三角形面片用模具表面三角形面片代替的算法,并给出了接触区域判断、相交点计算、相交三角形环的二次剖分以及融合拼接等关键技术,算法能够很好地描述工件与模具接触区域的形状特征,...     

复杂区域非结构化四边形网格全自动生成方法

针对多介质平面复杂区域，本文建议了一种基子推进网阵法的全四边形网格自动生成方法。其特点是对不规则区域适应能力强，考虑了节理单元自动生成。文中提出了网格质量改进方法，并给出了三个工程算例。     

一种新的全四边形网格快速生成方法─—模板法

本文提出了一种正方形亲单元上实现网格在二个坐标方向均能过渡的全四边形单元生成方法．该方法允许正方形周边节点任意分布，并可以对单元密度进行控制，将该方法和映射法结合解决了用映射单元法对结构进行四边形单元划分时存在的网格过渡的这一关键问题。该方法计算量少，运算速度快，生成单元的形状良好。     

一种全四边形网格生成方法——改进模板法

首先对全四边形单元网格自动剖分算法中的模板法进行了探讨，并提出了相应的改进方法。在此基础上提出了一种新的全四边形单元网格自动生成方法。该方法允许在两个方向上存在网格疏密过渡，并可以提高单元的密度要求自动计算亲单元每条边上的结点数，有效地对局部实施加密处理。     

裂纹扩展独立于网格的一种有限元单元子划分方法

提出了一种有限元模拟裂纹扩展的单元子划分结合子结构的方法.该方法中,裂纹可以进入或穿过一个单元,或沿单元的边界扩展,因此裂纹可以沿任意路径扩展而不受初始网格的限制.对上述几类包含裂纹的单元按照裂纹的路径进行子划分,覆盖一条裂纹的所有子划分单元就组成了一个子结构,子结构规模随裂纹的扩展而增大.子结构中因单元子划分而新增的结点自由度,通过自由度的凝聚用初始网格结点的自由度表示,因此结构整体分析的总自由度不变.以上述方法为基础建立了裂纹萌生和扩展的准则.用论文的方法分析了单(双)材料无限大平面中心(界面)裂纹的裂尖场,验证了论文方法的精度,并模拟了颗粒复合材料中微裂纹在颗粒、基体和界面中逐步扩展的过程,考核了论文方法对复杂裂纹扩展问题模拟的适用性.     

基于面积坐标与B网方法的四边形样条单元

传统等参元方法中, S型等参元完备阶较低,对网格畸变敏感, L型等参元具有高阶完备性但需要使用内部节点. 另外,由于引入等参变换, 采用数值积分可能导致总刚度矩阵出现奇异性.利用三角形面积坐标与B网方法建立了一类平面四边形的样条单元函数,它们的特点是满足协调条件, 克服网格畸变敏感性.其中8节点和12节点单元分别为2次和3次样条函数,对直角坐标分别具有二阶和三阶完备性, 高于相同节点的S型等参元.通过算例测试了这些样条单元, 并与等参元和其它四边形单元比较,数值结果显示了它们的高精度和有效性.      

具有内部特征约束的四边形网格生成方法

提出一种具有内部特征约束的四边形网格自动生成方法,可以处理内部具有孔洞、约束线、约束点以及密度线、密度点等特征约束,满足数值分析中对网格生成的特殊要求。以区域分解法为基础,提出了确定最佳切割线的方法以及在切割线上生成过渡均匀网格节点的方法;将约束线、约束点以及密度线、密度点作为面积为零的孔洞,提出了对特征约束的处理方法;针对特征约束分隔区域的情况,提出了自动确定各子区域边界的方法。基于本文提出的方法已开发出具有特征约束的四边形网格自动生成程序,并成功应用于洪水分析系统和楼面设计分析系统。     

汽车覆盖件工具曲面有限元网格自适应转换方法

提出一种适用于汽车覆盖件曲面有限元网格转化和在单元水平上提高模拟精度的方法,将平面下通过合并三角形单元成四边形单元的有限元网格转换方法的应用范围扩展到曲面,并且降低了对初始网格形状的要求。算法的关键在于增加了对曲面相邻单元不同夹角情况下的处理和优化规则,以使其能够更好地拟合原始CAD曲面。     

A cubic quadrilateral spline element with concave shapes

Basic requirement for applying isoparametric element is that the element has to be convex and no violent distortion is allowed. In this paper, a cubic quadrilateral spline element with 12 nodes has been developed using the triangular area coordinates and the B-net method, which can exactly model the cubic field for quadrilateral element with both convex and concave shapes. Neither mapping nor coordinate transformation is required and the spline element can obtain high accuracy solutions and insensitive to mesh distortions.     

一个不闭锁和抗畸变的四边形厚板元

构造一个彻底消除剪切闭锁现象并且对网格畸变不敏感的四边形厚薄板通用单元RPAQ。在方法上有三个特点：第一,在厚板挠度和转角的试函数中,采用了合理匹配方案,从而在源头上彻底消除了剪切闭锁现象;第二,采用四边形面积坐标,以代替通常的等参坐标,从而使网格畸变时仍然保持高精度;第三,采用广义协调元做法,使协调条件的采用灵活多样,并保证单元的收敛性。进行了一系列数值例题测试,表明单元RPAQ能自动消除闭锁现象,在由薄板到厚板的不同情况下,在各种网格畸变的情况下,都能体现出良好的精度和数值稳定性。     

On the quadrilateral Q2–P1 element for the Stokes problem

The Q₂ – P₁ approximation is one of the most popular Stokes elements. Two possible choices are given for the definition of the pressure space: one can either use a global pressure approximation (that is on each quadrilateral the finite element space is spanned by 1 and by the global co‐ordinates x and y) or a local approach (consisting in generating the local space by means of the constants and the local curvilinear co‐ordinates on each quadrilateral ξ and η). The former choice is known to provide optimal error estimates on general meshes. This has been shown, as it is standard, by proving a discrete inf–sup condition. In the present paper we check that the latter approach satisfies the inf–sup condition as well. However, recent results on quadrilateral finite elements bring to light a lack in the approximation properties for the space coming out from the local pressure approach. Numerical results actually show that the second choice (local or mapped pressure approximation) is suboptimally convergent. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

面向对象的无单元法

介绍了一种用C 进行的面向对象无单元方法程序设计;定义了一些关键的类并将有些类设计成类等级,从而建立了包含权函数、基函数和形函数在内的面向对象无单元法程序类库,在此过程中考虑了无单元法与有限元法的某些联系,保留并重用了面向对象有限元法程序中的一些类。本文提供了一种无单元法大型分析软件开发新途径。     

Incompatible curved quadrilateral plate bending element with 12-degrees of freedom

This paper presents a new curved quadrilateral plate element with12-degree freedom by the exact element method.The method can be used to arbitrary non-positive and positive definite partial differential equations without variation principle.Using this method,the compatibility conditions between element can be treated very easily,if displacements and stress resultants are continuous at nodes between elements.The displacements and stress resultants obtained by the present method can converge to exact solution and have the second order convergence speed.Numerical examples are given at the end of this paper,which show the excellent precision and efficiency of the new element.     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THEh－CONVERGENCE OF 4－NODE AND 8－NODE QUADRILATERAL ELEMENTS

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A finite element method for free surface flows of incompressible fluids in three dimensions. Part I. Boundary fitted mesh motion

Computational fluid mechanics techniques for examining free surface problems in two‐dimensional form are now well established. Extending these methods to three dimensions requires a reconsideration of some of the difficult issues from two‐dimensional problems as well as developing new formulations to handle added geometric complexity. This paper presents a new finite element formulation for handling three‐dimensional free surface problems with a boundary‐fitted mesh and full Newton iteration, which solves for velocity, pressure, and mesh variables simultaneously. A boundary‐fitted, pseudo‐solid approach is used for moving the mesh, which treats the interior of the mesh as a fictitious elastic solid that deforms in response to boundary motion. To minimize mesh distortion near free boundary under large deformations, the mesh motion equations are rotated into normal and tangential components prior to applying boundary conditions. The Navier–Stokes equations are discretized using a Galerkin–least square/pressure stabilization formulation, which provides good convergence properties with iterative solvers. The result is a method that can track large deformations and rotations of free surface boundaries in three dimensions. The method is applied to two sample problems: solid body rotation of a fluid and extrusion from a nozzle with a rectangular cross‐section. The extrusion example exhibits a variety of free surface shapes that arise from changing processing conditions. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.