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利用场发射显微镜研究O2对单壁碳纳米管场发射的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用场发射显微镜和四极质谱计研究了充入高纯O2的四极质谱和O2对单壁碳纳米管场发射的影响.单壁碳纳米管经过约1000℃的热处理得到清洁态场发射像后,充入O2,分别测量了O2吸附和脱附后场发射的I V特性.实验观测到在单壁碳纳米管上O2的吸附使场发射电流减小,说明逸出功增加.在10-4Pa的O2压强下对单壁碳纳米管进行约1000℃的热处理,可以产生氧化刻蚀作用,观测到场发射像的变化,并测量了氧化刻蚀产生的I V特性变化.关键词:单壁碳纳米管场发射显微镜场发射四极质谱 相似文献
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将单根多壁碳纳米管(multi-walled carbon nanotube,MWCNT)组装在W针尖上并送入超高真空场发射/场离子显微镜(Ultrahigh Vacuum Field-emission/Field-Ion microscope,UHV-FEM/FIM)进行场蒸发及场发射研究.结果表明,场蒸发可以降低MWCNT的逸出功,从而增强其场发射能力.估算MWCNT的蒸发场低于1.3×108V·cm-1,且在此场强下的平均蒸发速率为9.4nm·min-1.定性讨论了MWCNT的蒸发场大大低于C的理论值的原因.首先,通过场解吸获得的清洁端口上有较多悬挂键,平均每个C原子的配位数较小,所以升华热较低.其次,可能存在于MWCNT中的H原子会在强场下碰撞端口的C原子,使其更易蒸发.以上结果显示了利用场蒸发剪短碳纳米管从而改善其场发射特性的可行性.关键词:碳纳米管场蒸发场发射 相似文献
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Interference fringes are obtained in a field-emission microscopy(FEM) study of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) with twoopen-ended branches. The FEM pattern, which is composed of threeparallel streaks, can be interpreted by using classical Young'sdouble-slit interference with the ends of the two MWCNT branchestreated as two secondary sources of the electron wave. The origin ofthe coherency of the electron beams from the two branches isdiscussed on the basis of the quantitative analysis of the FEMpattern. The result suggests a new approach to obtaining a coherentelectron source. 相似文献
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Field electron emission (FE) is a quantum tunneling process in which electrons are injected from materials (usually metals)
into a vacuum under the influence of an applied electric field. In order to obtain usable electron current, the conventional
way is to increase the local field at the surface of an emitter. For a plane metal emitter with a typical work function of
5 eV, an applied field of over 1 000 V/μm is needed to obtain a significant current. The high working field (and/or the voltage
between the electrodes) has been the bottleneck for many applications of the FE technique. Since the 1960s, enormous effort
has been devoted to reduce the working macroscopic field (voltage). A widely adopted idea is to sharpen the emitters to get
a large surface field enhancement. The materials of emitters should have good electronic conductivity, high melting points,
good chemical inertness, and high mechanical stiffness. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are built with such needed properties. As
a quasi-one-dimensional material, the CNT is expected to have a large surface field enhancement factor. The experiments have
proved the excellent FE performance of CNTs. The turn-on field (the macroscopic field for obtaining a density of 10 μA/cm2) of CNT based emitters can be as low as 1 V/μm. However, this turn-on field is too good to be explained by conventional theory.
There are other observations, such as the non-linear Fowler-Nordheim plot and multi-peaks field emission energy distribution
spectra, indicating that the field enhancement is not the only story in the FE of CNTs. Since the discovery of CNTs, people
have employed more serious quantum mechanical methods, including the electronic band theory, tight-binding theory, scattering
theory and density function theory, to investigate FE of CNTs. A few theoretical models have been developed at the same time.
The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) should be assembled with a sharp metal needle of nano-scale radius, for which the
FE mechanism is more or less clear. Although MWCNTs are more common in present FE applications, the single-walled carbon nanotubes
(SWCNTs) are more interesting in the theoretical point of view since the SWCNTs have unique atomic structures and electronic
properties. It would be very interesting if people can predict the behavior of the well-defined SWCNTs quantitatively (for
MWCNTs, this is currently impossible). The FE as a tunneling process is sensitive to the apex-vacuum potential barrier of
CNTs. On the other hand, the barrier could be significantly altered by the redistribution of excessive charges in the micrometer
long SWCNTs, which have only one layer of carbon atoms. Therefore, the conventional theories based upon the hypothesis of
fixed potential (work function) would not be valid in this quasi-one-dimensional system. In this review, we shall focus on
the mechanism that would be responsible for the superior field emission characteristics of CNTs. We shall introduce a multi-scale
simulation algorithm that deals with the entire carbon nanotube as well as the substrate as a whole. The simulation for (5,
5) capped SWCNTs with lengths in the order of micrometers is given as an example. The results show that the field dependence
of the apex-vacuum electron potential barrier of a long carbon nanotube is a more pronounced effect, besides the local field
enhancement phenomenon. 相似文献
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应用紧束缚模型和WKB方法研究碳纳米管的out-of-plane型Peierls相变,及其对碳纳米管的场发射的影响.结果发现Peierls相变会在室温出现,并使碳纳米管费米面附近出现能隙,导致碳纳米管发生金属—半导体转变,从而抑制碳纳米管的场发射.磁场也会抑制Peierls形变,Peierls相变和磁场相互竞争影响碳纳米管的能带结构,从而影响碳纳米管的场发射.关键词:场发射碳纳米管Peierls相变 相似文献
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碳纳米管/金刚石复合材料的场发射特性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
采用微波烧结方法制备了碳纳米管/金刚石复合材料。将碳纳米管和纳米金刚石粉末混合后研磨压片,然后在微波等离子气相沉积系统中采用微波烧结。利用扫描电镜对复合材料的表面形貌和微观结构进行了分析,结果显示碳纳米管比较均匀地分散于复合材料中,并在表面形成了发射微尖。利用二极管结构在动态真空室中对复合材料的场发射特性进行了研究,复合材料有较好的场发射特性,电流密度接近15mA/cm2。 相似文献
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在超高真空系统中对基于丝网印刷方法制备的碳纳米管薄膜的场蒸发效应进行实验研究. 实验发现, 碳纳米管薄膜样品存在场蒸发现象, 蒸发阈值场在10.0-12.6 V/nm之间, 蒸发离子流可以达到百皮安量级; 扫描电子显微镜分析和场致电子发射测量结果表明, 场蒸发会使碳纳米管分布变得更加不均匀, 会导致薄膜的场致电子发射开启电压上升(240→300V)、场增强因子下降(8300→4200)、蒸发阈值场上升(10→12.6V/nm), 同时使得薄膜场致电子发射的可重复性明显变好. 场蒸发也是薄膜自身电场一致性修复的表现, 这种修复并非表现在形貌上, 而是不同区域场增强因子之间的差距会越来越小, 这样薄膜场致电子发射的可重复性和稳定性自然会得到改善. 相似文献
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通过制作亲碳性铟锡氧化物(ITO)/Ti复合电极,改善移植型碳纳米管(CNT)冷阴极的导电电极与CNT膜层之间附着性能,从而消除CNT与电极间的界面势垒和非欧姆接触对CNT阴极场发射均匀性和稳定性的影响.采用磁控溅射技术和丝网印刷工艺制作了ITO/Ti基CNT阴极.用X射线衍射仪和场致发射扫描电子显微镜表征CNT阴极结构,结果显示热处理后的ITO/Ti基CNT阴极中可能有TiC相生成,从而使得导电电极与CNT形成有中间物的强作用体系.该体系降低甚至消除电极与CNT之间的界面势垒,增加了CNT与电极间形成欧姆接触的概率.用四探针技术分析电阻率,结果表明ITO/Ti复合电极具有电阻并联效果,CNT阴极导电性能提高.场致发射特性测试表明ITO/Ti基CNT阴极的场致发射电流达到384μA/cm2,较普通ITO基CNT阴极的场致发射电流有显著提高,能够激发测试阳极发出均匀、稳定的高亮度荧光.制作ITO/Ti复合电极是实现场致发射稳定、均匀的低功耗CNT阴极的有效途径. 相似文献
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以纳米碳管阵列为研究对象,利用镜像悬浮球模型及Fowler-Nordheim电流密度公式,对纳米碳管阵列的场发射电流密度进行计算,进而综合考虑场发射增强因子及场发射电流密度对纳米碳管阵列场发射性能进行定量优化.参考碳管阵列场发射电流密度最大值及场发射增强因子,表明当纳米碳管阵列间距为碳管高度十分之一时,纳米碳管阵列的场发射性能得到优化.与以前的理论估算结果相比,优化的阵列间距进一步减小.当纳米碳管间距过大,场发射增强因子增加,而场发射电流密度会在更大程度上减小;当纳米碳管密度较大时,场发射增强因子受到静电关键词:纳米碳管场发射增强因子电流密度 相似文献
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报道了在较大发射面积上获得较大场发射电流的碳纳米管场发射阴极。为了加强场发射电流,在丝网印刷浆料中增加一种金属纳米颗粒,金属颗粒增强了碳纳米管发射体和衬底的接触,提高碳纳米管和衬底的粘附作用。利用改进后的丝网印刷方法制备了大电流碳纳米管场发射阴极,测得最大发射电流为68.0 mA,阴极有效发射面积约1.1 mm2,发射电流密度约6.2 A/cm2;并成功将改进方法制备的大电流场发射碳纳米管阴极应用于场发射真空器件原型。实验证明这种具有较大发射电流和较大发射电流密度的场发射能够满足部分大功率电子器件的需求。收稿日期:; 修订日期: 相似文献
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The electronic structures and field emission properties of capped CNT55 systems with or without alkali metal atom adsorption were systematically investigated by density functional theory calculation.The results indicate that the adsorption of alkali metal on the center site of a CNT tip is energetically favorable.In addition,the adsorption energies increase with the introduction of the electric field.The excessive negative charges on CNT tips make electron emittance much easier and result in a decrease in work function.Furthermore,the inducing effect by positively charged alkali metal atoms can be reasonably considered as the dominant reason for the improvement in field emission properties. 相似文献
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采用丝网印刷工艺制作了碳纳米管(CNTs)薄膜阴极.经适当能量激光烧蚀后,相互粘连的CNTs随表面粘附有机物的蒸发而分散开,管间隙增加、屏蔽效应减小,使得场发射性能大幅度提高,开启场强降低、场倍增因子β增大.Raman光谱分析表明,随激光能量增加,CNTs表面缺陷增多,成为新的场发射点,对其β增大的贡献加强.相对于两电极结构,三电极中平栅极结构场发射性能经激光烧蚀有更显著的改善.这说明激光烧蚀是提高CNTs场发射性能的有效方法.关键词:碳纳米管薄膜场发射激光烧蚀Raman光谱 相似文献