Cotorsion Pairs and Cartan–Eilenberg Categories

Cartan–Eilenberg categories were recently introduced by Guillén Santos, Navarro Aznar, Pascual and Roig. In the present paper, we give a method of constructing Cartan–Eilenberg categories for abelian categories, based on cotorsion pairs. In particular, we recover the left Cartan–Eilenberg structure for (un)bounded below chain complexes of modules (Pascual, Collect Math 63(2):203–216, 2012) and extend it to more general categories, including the category of (quasi-coherent)sheaves over a projective scheme.     

Differential as a harmonic morphism with respect to Cheeger–Gromoll-type metrics

We investigate horizontal conformality of a differential of a map between Riemannian manifolds, where the tangent bundles are equipped with Cheeger–Gromoll-type metrics. As a corollary, we characterize the differential of a map as a harmonic morphism.     

Hardy–Rellich identities with Bessel pairs

Archiv der Mathematik - We prove an identity that implies the classical Rellich inequality as well as several improved versions of Rellich type inequalities. Moreover, our equality gives a simple...     

Explicit Runge–Kutta pairs with lower stage-order

Explicit Runge–Kutta pairs of methods of successive orders of accuracy provide effective algorithms for approximating solutions to nonstiff initial value problems. For each explicit RK method of order of accuracy p, there is a minimum number s _p of derivative evaluations required for each step propagating the numerical solution. For p ≤ 8, Butcher has established exact values of s _p , and for p > 8, his work establishes lower bounds; otherwise, upper bounds are established by various published methods. Recently, Khashin has derived some new methods numerically, and shown that the known upper bound on s ₉ for methods of order p = 9 can be reduced from 15 to 13. His results motivate this attempt to identify parametrically exact representations for coefficients of such methods. New pairs of methods of orders 5,6 and 6,7 are characterized in terms of several arbitrary parameters. This approach, modified from an earlier one, increases the known spectrum of types of RK pairs and their derivations, may lead to the derivation of new RK pairs of higher-order, and possibly to other types of explicit algorithms within the class of general linear methods.     

Numerically optimal Runge–Kutta pairs with interpolants

Explicit Runge–Kutta pairs are known to provide efficient solutions to initial value differential equations with inexpensive derivative evaluations. Two criteria for selection are proposed with a view to deriving pairs of all orders 6(5) to 9(8) which minimize computation while achieving a user-specified accuracy. Coefficients of improved pairs, their stability regions and coefficients of appended optimal interpolatory Runge–Kutta formulas are provided on the author’s website (www.math.sfu.ca/~jverner). This note reports results of tests on these pairs to illustrate their effectiveness in solving nonstiff initial value problems. These pairs and interpolants may be used for implementation, or else to provide comparison targets for other new types of methods such as explicit general linear methods.     

Representation and approximation of convex dynamic risk measures with respect to strong–weak topologies

We provide a representation for strong-weak continuous dynamic risk measures from L^p into L^p_t spaces where these spaces are equipped respectively with strong and weak topologies and p is a finite number strictly larger than one. Conversely, we show that any such representation that admits a compact (with respect to the product of weak topologies) sub-differential generates a dynamic risk measure that is strong--weak continuous. Furthermore, we investigate sufficient conditions on the sub-differential for which the essential supremum of the representation is attained. Finally, the main purpose is to show that any convex dynamic risk measure that is strong-weak continuous can be approximated by a sequence of convex dynamic risk measures which are strong--weak continuous and admit compact sub-differentials with respect to the product of weak topologies. Throughout the arguments, no conditional translation invariance or monotonicity assumptions are applied.     

Non-linear model parameter estimation–estimating a feasible parameter set with respect to model use

This article deals with non-linear model parameter estimation from experimental data. As for non-linear models a rigorous identifiability analysis is difficult to perform, parameter estimation is performed in such a way that uncertainty in the estimated parameter values is represented by the range of model use results when the model is used for a certain purpose. Using this approach, the article presents a simulation study where the objective is to discover whether the estimation of model parameters can be improved, so that a small enough range of model use results is obtained. The results of the study indicate that from plant measurements available for the estimation of model parameters, it is possible to extract data that are important for the estimation of model parameters relative to a certain model use. If these data are improved by a proper measurement campaign (e.g. proper choice of measured variables, better accuracy, higher measurement frequency) it is to be expected that a valid model for a certain model use will be obtained. The simulation study is performed for an activated sludge model from wastewater treatment, while the estimation of model parameters is done by Monte Carlo simulation.     

Universal Padé approximants with respect to the chordal metric

The use of the chordal distance does not change the notion of Universal Taylor series. However, it changes the notion of Universal Padé approximants. Using Padé approximants of meromorphic or holomorphic functions we can approximate all rational functions on compact sets of arbitrary connectivity.     

Symmetric stochastic integrals with respect to p-adic Brownian motion†

In this paper, we consider complex-valued Brownian motion with p-adic time index and the associated abstract Wiener space. We define symmetric stochastic integrals with respect to p-adic Brownian motion. We also provide a sufficient condition for the existence of symmetric stochastic integrals and present a relation to the adjoint of the Malliavin derivatives.     

Balanced metrics on Cartan and Cartan–Hartogs domains

This paper consists of two results dealing with balanced metrics (in Donaldson terminology) on noncompact complex manifolds. In the first one we describe all balanced metrics on Cartan domains. In the second one we show that the only Cartan–Hartogs domain which admits a balanced metric is the complex hyperbolic space. By combining these results with those obtained in Loi and Zedda (Mathematische Annalen, 2011, to appear) we also provide the first example of complete, Kähler-Einstein and projectively induced metric g such that α g is not balanced for all α > 0.     

Optimized Runge–Kutta pairs for problems with oscillating solutions

Three types of methods for integrating periodic initial value problems are presented. These methods are (i) phase-fitted, (ii) zero dissipation (iii) both zero dissipative and phase fitted. Some particular modifications of well-known explicit Runge–Kutta pairs of orders five and four are constructed. Numerical experiments show the efficiency of the new pairs in a wide range of oscillatory problems.