Approximate Hermitian–Einstein connections on principal bundles over a compact Riemann surface

Let $X$ be a compact connected Riemann surface and $G$ a connected reductive complex affine algebraic group. Given a holomorphic principal $G$ -bundle $E_G$ over $X$ , we construct a $C^\infty $ Hermitian structure on $E_G$ together with a $1$ -parameter family of $C^\infty $ automorphisms $\{F_t\}_{t\in \mathbb R }$ of the principal $G$ -bundle $E_G$ with the following property: Let $\nabla ^t$ be the connection on $E_G$ corresponding to the Hermitian structure and the new holomorphic structure on $E_G$ constructed using $F_t$ from the original holomorphic structure. As $t\rightarrow -\infty $ , the connection $\nabla ^t$ converges in $C^\infty $ Fréchet topology to the connection on $E_G$ given by the Hermitian–Einstein connection on the polystable principal bundle associated to $E_G$ . In particular, as $t\rightarrow -\infty $ , the curvature of $\nabla ^t$ converges in $C^\infty $ Fréchet topology to the curvature of the connection on $E_G$ given by the Hermitian–Einstein connection on the polystable principal bundle associated to $E_G$ . The family $\{F_t\}_{t\in \mathbb R }$ is constructed by generalizing the method of [6]. Given a holomorphic vector bundle $E$ on $X$ , in [6] a $1$ -parameter family of $C^\infty $ automorphisms of $E$ is constructed such that as $t\rightarrow -\infty $ , the curvature converges, in $C^0$ topology, to the curvature of the Hermitian–Einstein connection of the associated graded bundle.     

A C^r trivariate macro-element based on the Worsey–Farin split of a tetrahedron

We construct trivariate $C^r$ macro-elements for any $r\ge 1$ over the Worsey–Farin refinement of any tetrahedral partition. This extends the construction of $C^1$ cubic Worsey–Farin elements and $C^2$ elements of degree nine to the $C^r$ situation with $r>2$ . We also show that the degree of polynomials used for our macro-elements is the lowest.     

Functions whose set of critical points is an arc

Let $M$ be a $C^{\infty }$ connected closed manifold with $\mathrm{dim }(M)\ge 2$ . Using tools developed by Körner in (J Lond Math Soc (2) 38(3):442–452, 1988) we prove that the subset of functions $f$ in $C^1(M,\mathbb R )$ such that the set of critical points of $f$ is an arc is dense in $C^{0}(M,\mathbb R )$ . We then present applications in dynamics.     

Lagrangian mean curvature flow for entire Lipschitz graphs II

We prove longtime existence and estimates for smooth solutions to a fully nonlinear Lagrangian parabolic equation with locally $C^{1,1}$ initial data $u_0$ satisfying either (1) $-(1+\eta ) I_n\le D^2u_0 \le (1+\eta )I_n$ for some positive dimensional constant $\eta $ , (2) $u_0$ is weakly convex everywhere, or (3) $u_0$ verifies a large supercritical Lagrangian phase condition.     

On smooth extensions of vector-valued functions defined on closed subsets of Banach spaces

Let $X$ and $ Z$ be Banach spaces, $A$ a closed subset of $X$ and a mapping $f:A\rightarrow Z$ . We give necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain a $C^1$ smooth mapping $F:X \rightarrow Z$ such that $F_{\mid _A}=f$ , when either (i) $X$ and $Z$ are Hilbert spaces and $X$ is separable, or (ii) $X^*$ is separable and $Z$ is an absolute Lipschitz retract, or (iii) $X=L_2$ and $Z=L_p$ with $1<p<2$ , or (iv) $X=L_p$ and $Z=L_2$ with $2<p<\infty $ , where $L_p$ is any separable Banach space $L_p(S,\Sigma ,\mu )$ with $(S,\Sigma ,\mu )$ a $\sigma $ -finite measure space.     

AW*-algebras Which are Enveloping C*-algebras of JC-algebras

In the given article, enveloping C*-algebras of AJW-algebras are considered. Conditions are given, when the enveloping C*-algebra of an AJW-algebra is an AW*-algebra, and corresponding theorems are proved. In particular, we proved that if $\mathcal{A}$ is a real AW*-algebra, $\mathcal{A}_{sa}$ is the JC-algebra of all self-adjoint elements of $\mathcal{A}$ , $\mathcal{A}+i\mathcal{A}$ is an AW*-algebra and $\mathcal{A}\cap i\mathcal{A} = \{0\}$ then the enveloping C*-algebra $C^*(\mathcal{A}_{sa})$ of the JC-algebra $\mathcal{A}_{sa}$ is an AW*-algebra. Moreover, if $\mathcal{A}+i\mathcal{A}$ does not have nonzero direct summands of type I₂, then $C^*(\mathcal{A}_{sa})$ coincides with the algebra $\mathcal{A}+i\mathcal{A}$ , i.e. $C^*(\mathcal{A}_{sa})= \mathcal{A}+i\mathcal{A}$ .     

On the peripheral point spectrum and the asymptotic behavior of irreducible semigroups of Harris operators

Given a positive, irreducible and bounded $C_0$ -semigroup on a Banach lattice with order continuous norm, we prove that the peripheral point spectrum of its generator is trivial whenever one of its operators dominates a non-trivial compact or kernel operator. For a discrete semigroup, i.e. for powers of a single operator $T$ , we show that the point spectrum of some power $T^k$ intersects the unit circle at most in $1$ . As a consequence, we obtain a sufficient condition for strong convergence of the $C_0$ -semigroup and for a subsequence of the powers of $T$ , respectively.     

On the zeros of Meixner polynomials

We investigate the zeros of a family of hypergeometric polynomials $M_n(x;\beta ,c)=(\beta )_n\,{}_2F_1(-n,-x;\beta ;1-\frac{1}{c})$ , $n\in \mathbb N ,$ known as Meixner polynomials, that are orthogonal on $(0,\infty )$ with respect to a discrete measure for $\beta >0$ and $0<c<1.$ When $\beta =-N$ , $N\in \mathbb N $ and $c=\frac{p}{p-1}$ , the polynomials $K_n(x;p,N)=(-N)_n\,{}_2F_1(-n,-x;-N;\frac{1}{p})$ , $n=0,1,\ldots , N$ , $0<p<1$ are referred to as Krawtchouk polynomials. We prove results for the zero location of the orthogonal polynomials $M_n(x;\beta ,c)$ , $c<0$ and $n<1-\beta $ , the quasi-orthogonal polynomials $M_n(x;\beta ,c)$ , $-k<\beta <-k+1$ , $k=1,\ldots ,n-1$ and $0<c<1$ or $c>1,$ as well as the polynomials $K_{n}(x;p,N)$ with non-Hermitian orthogonality for $0<p<1$ and $n=N+1,N+2,\ldots $ . We also show that the polynomials $M_n(x;\beta ,c)$ , $\beta \in \mathbb R $ are real-rooted when $c\rightarrow 0$ .     

C^*-Algebras Associated with Complex Dynamical Systems and Backward Orbit Structure

Let $R$ be a rational function. The iterations $(R^n)_n$ of $R$ gives a complex dynamical system on the Riemann sphere. We associate a $C^*$ -algebra and study a relation between the $C^*$ -algebra and the original complex dynamical system. In this short note, we recover the number of $n$ th backward orbits counted without multiplicity starting at branched points in terms of associated $C^*$ -algebras with gauge actions. In particular, we can partially imagine how a branched point is moved to another branched point under the iteration of $R$ . We use KMS states and a Perron–Frobenius type operator on the space of traces to show it.     

Independent families in Boolean algebras with some separation properties

We prove that any Boolean algebra with the subsequential completeness property contains an independent family of size ${\mathfrak{c}}$ , the size of the continuum. This improves a result of Argyros from the 1980s, which asserted the existence of an uncountable independent family. In fact, we prove it for a bigger class of Boolean algebras satisfying much weaker properties. It follows that the Stone space ${K_\mathcal{A}}$ of all such Boolean algebras ${\mathcal{A}}$ contains a copy of the ?ech–Stone compactification of the integers ${\beta\mathbb{N}}$ and the Banach space ${C(K_\mathcal{A})}$ has l _∞ as a quotient. Connections with the Grothendieck property in Banach spaces are discussed.     

Hodge theory for elliptic complexes over unital C^*-algebras

For a unital $C^{*}$ -algebra $A$ , we prove that the cohomology groups of $A$ -elliptic complexes of pseudodifferential operators in finitely generated projective $A$ -Hilbert bundles over compact manifolds are finitely generated $A$ -modules and Banach spaces provided the images of certain extensions of the so-called associated Laplacians are closed. We also prove that under this condition, the cohomology groups are isomorphic to the kernels of the associated Laplacians. This establishes a Hodge theory for these structures.     

Subsets of full measure in a generic submanifold in \mathbb C ^n are non-plurithin

In this paper we prove that if $I\subset M $ is a subset of measure $0$ in a $C^2$ -smooth generic submanifold $M \subset \mathbb C ^n$ , then $M \setminus I$ is non-plurithin at each point of $M$ in $\mathbb C ^n$ . This result improves a previous result of A. Edigarian and J. Wiegerinck who considered the case where $I$ is pluripolar set contained in a $C^1$ -smooth generic submanifold $M \subset \mathbb C ^n$ (Edigarian and Wiegernick in Math. Z. 266(2):393–398, 2010). The proof of our result is essentially different.     

Robust vanishing of all Lyapunov exponents for iterated function systems

Given any compact connected manifold $M$ , we describe $C^2$ -open sets of iterated functions systems (IFS’s) admitting fully-supported ergodic measures whose Lyapunov exponents along $M$ are all zero. Moreover, these measures are approximated by measures supported on periodic orbits. We also describe $C^1$ -open sets of IFS’s admitting ergodic measures of positive entropy whose Lyapunov exponents along $M$ are all zero. The proofs involve the construction of non-hyperbolic measures for the induced IFS’s on the flag manifold.     

Symbolic extensions and dominated splittings for generic C^{1}-diffeomorphisms

Let $\mathrm{Diff }^1(M)$ be the set of all $C^1$ -diffeomorphisms $f:M\rightarrow M$ , where $M$ is a compact boundaryless d-dimensional manifold, $d\ge 2$ . We prove that there is a residual subset $\mathfrak R $ of $\mathrm{Diff }^1(M)$ such that if $f\in \mathfrak R $ and if $H(p)$ is the homoclinic class associated with a hyperbolic periodic point $p$ , then either $H(p)$ admits a dominated splitting of the form $E\oplus F_1\oplus \dots \oplus F_k\oplus G$ , where $F_i$ is not hyperbolic and one-dimensional, or $f|_{H(p)}$ has no symbolic extensions.     

Sufficient conditions for Willmore immersions in \mathbb{R }^3 to be minimal surfaces

We provide two sharp sufficient conditions for immersed Willmore surfaces in $\mathbb{R }^3$ to be already minimal surfaces, i.e. to have vanishing mean curvature on their entire domains. These results turn out to be particularly suitable for applications to Willmore graphs. We can therefore show that Willmore graphs on bounded $C^4$ -domains $\overline{\varOmega }$ with vanishing mean curvature on the boundary $\partial \varOmega $ must already be minimal graphs, which in particular yields some Bernstein-type result for Willmore graphs on $\mathbb{R }^2$ . Our methods also prove the non-existence of Willmore graphs on bounded $C^4$ -domains $\overline{\varOmega }$ with mean curvature $H$ satisfying $H \ge c_0>0 \,{\text{ on }}\, \partial \varOmega $ if $\varOmega $ contains some closed disc of radius $\frac{1}{c_0} \in (0,\infty )$ , and they yield that any closed Willmore surface in $\mathbb{R }^3$ which can be represented as a smooth graph over $\mathbb{S }^2$ has to be a round sphere. Finally, we demonstrate that our results are sharp by means of an examination of some certain part of the Clifford torus in $\mathbb{R }^3$ .     

Stability results for the N-dimensional Schiffer conjecture via a perturbation method

Given a eigenvalue $\mu _{0m}^2$ of $-\Delta $ in the unit ball $B_1$ , with Neumann boundary conditions, we prove that there exists a class $\mathcal{D}$ of $C^{0,1}$ -domains, depending on $\mu _{0m} $ , such that if $u$ is a no trivial solution to the following problem $ \Delta u+\mu u=0$ in $\Omega , u=0$ on $\partial \Omega $ , and $ \int \nolimits _{\partial \Omega }\partial _{\mathbf{n}}u=0$ , with $\Omega \in \mathcal{D}$ , and $\mu =\mu _{0m}^2+o(1)$ , then $\Omega $ is a ball. Here $\mu $ is a eigenvalue of $-\Delta $ in $\Omega $ , with Neumann boundary conditions.     

Global injectivity conditions for planar maps

We prove that a planar $C^1$ -smooth map $f:D\longrightarrow \mathbb{R }^{2n}$ , where $D\subseteq \mathbb{R }^{2n}$ is a convex open set, is injective if $\mathbb{R }\cap \mathrm{Spec}(df)_z=\emptyset $ for all $z\in D$ . We continue by showing that the triangulability of the differentials $(df)_z$ , $z\in D$ , ensure the global injectivity as well.     

Diophantine approximation with sign constraints

Let $\alpha $ and $\beta $ be real numbers such that $1$ , $\alpha $ and $\beta $ are linearly independent over $\mathbb {Q}$ . A classical result of Dirichlet asserts that there are infinitely many triples of integers $(x_0,x_1,x_2)$ such that $|x_0+\alpha x_1+\beta x_2| < \max \{|x_1|,|x_2|\}^{-2}$ . In 1976, Schmidt asked what can be said under the restriction that $x_1$ and $x_2$ be positive. Upon denoting by $\gamma \cong 1.618$ the golden ratio, he proved that there are triples $(x_0,x_1,x_2) \in \mathbb {Z}^3$ with $x_1,x_2>0$ for which the product $|x_0 + \alpha x_1 + \beta x_2| \max \{|x_1|,|x_2|\}^\gamma $ is arbitrarily small. Although Schmidt later conjectured that $\gamma $ can be replaced by any number smaller than $2$ , Moshchevitin proved very recently that it cannot be replaced by a number larger than $1.947$ . In this paper, we present a construction of points $(1,\alpha ,\beta )$ showing that the result of Schmidt is in fact optimal. These points also possess strong additional Diophantine properties that are described in the paper.     

The Index Semigroup and K-Groups of Graph-Groupoid C^{*}-Algebras

In this paper, we consider the relation between index theory and $K$ -theory induced by directed graphs. In particular, we study index-morphism on finite trees, and classify the set of finite trees in terms of our index-morphism. Such a morphism generate certain semigroup, called the index semigroup. From the index semigroup, we find a ple, interesting connection between semigroup-elements and $K$ -group computations of groupoid $C^{*}$ -algebras generated by graphs. In conclusion, we show that the pure combinatorial data of graphs completely characterize and classify the elements of the index semigroup (or equivalently, graph-index on finite trees), Watatani’s Jones index on groupoid $C^{*}$ -algebras generated by finite trees, and $K$ -group computations of certain $C^{*}$ -algebras.     

Diophantine approximation of the orbit of 1 in the dynamical system of beta expansions

We consider the distribution of the orbits of the number 1 under the $\beta $ -transformations $T_\beta $ as $\beta $ varies. Mainly, the size of the set of $\beta >1$ for which a given point can be well approximated by the orbit of 1 is measured by its Hausdorff dimension. The dimension of the following set $E\big (\{\ell _n\}_{n\ge 1}, x_0\big )=\Big \{\,\beta >1: |T^n_{\beta }1-x_0|<\beta ^{-\ell _n}, \hbox { for infinitely many}, \, n\in \mathbb{N }\,\Big \}$ is determined, where $x_0$ is a given point in $[0,1]$ and $\{\ell _n\}_{n\ge 1}$ is a sequence of integers tending to infinity as $n\rightarrow \infty $ . For the proof of this result, the notion of the recurrence time of a word in symbolic space is introduced to characterise the lengths and the distribution of cylinders (the set of $\beta $ with a common prefix in the expansion of 1) in the parameter space $\{\,\beta \in \mathbb{R }: \beta >1\,\}$ .