Mechanism of compressor airfoil boundary layer flow control using nanosecond plasma actuation

The flow control effects of nanosecond plasma actuation on the boundary layer flow of a typical compressor controlled diffusion airfoil are investigated using large eddy simulation method. Three types of plasma actuation are designed to control the boundary layer flow, and two mechanisms of compressor airfoil boundary layer flow control using nanosecond plasma actuation have been found. The plasma actuations located within the laminar boundary layer flow can induce a small vortex structure through influencing on the density and pressure of the flow field. As the small vortex structure moves downstream along the blade surface with the main flow, it can suppress the turbulent flow mixing and reduce the total pressure loss. The flow control effect of the small vortex structure is summarized as wall jet effect. Differently, the plasma actuation located within the turbulent boundary layer flow can act on the shear layer flow and induce a large vortex structure. While moving downstream, this large vortex structure can suppress the turbulent flow mixing too.     

Scattered electromagnetic and plasma waves of a conducting cylinder coated with a compressible plasma

Summary When an electromagnetic wave is incident upon an interface between a free space and a compressible plasma, both an electromagnetic wave and a plasma wave are excited. This paper solves the scattering problem of an infinitely long conducting cylinder which is coated with a layer of compressible plasma. The source is assumed to be a magnetic line current which gives rise to an incident magnetic field with only an axial component. Complete expressions for both the scattered electric and magnetic fields and the guided pressure field are obtained. Scattering by a compressible plasma column and that by a conducting cylinder coated with an incompressible plasma layer are special cases of the present problem.     

ANALYSIS OF OSCILLATORY FLOW IN CONSIDERATION OF A PLASMA LAYER IN ARTERIAL STENOSES

ＡＮＡＬＹＳＩＳ　ＯＦ　ＯＳＣＩＬＬＡＴＯＲＹ　ＦＬＯＷ　ＩＮ　ＣＯＮＳＩＤＥＲＡＴＩＯＮ　ＯＦ　Ａ　ＰＬＡＳＭＡ　ＬＡＹＥＲ　ＩＮ　ＡＲＴＥＲＩＡＬ　ＳＴＥＮＯＳＥＳＷａｎｇ．Ｃｈａｎｇｂｉｎ（王长斌）；ＬｉｕＺｈａｏｒｏｎｇ（柳兆荣）（Ｒｅｃｅｉ...     

Blood flow in stenosed arteries with radially variable viscosity, peripheral plasma layer thickness and magnetic field

A novel approach of combined mathematical and computational models has been developed to investigate the oscillatory two-layered flow of blood through arterial stenosis in the presence of a transverse uniform magnetic field applied. Blood in the core region and plasma fluid in the peripheral layer region are assumed to obey the law of Newtonian fluid. An analytical solution is obtained for velocity profile and volumetric flow rate in the peripheral plasma region and also wall shear stress. Finite difference method is employed to solve the momentum equation for the core region. The numerical solutions for velocity, flow rate and flow resistance are computed. The effects of various parameters associated with the present flow problem such as radially variable viscosity, hematocrit, plasma layer thickness, magnetic field and pulsatile Reynolds number on the physiologically important flow characteristics namely velocity distribution, flow rate, wall shear stress and resistance to flow have been investigated. It is observed that the velocity increases with the increase of plasma layer thickness. An increase or a decrease in the velocity and wall shear stress against the increase in the value of magnetic parameter (Hartmann number) and hematocrit is dependent on the value of t. An increase in magnetic field leads to an increase in the flow resistance and it decreases with the increase in the plasma layer thickness and pulsatile Reynolds number. The information concerning the phase lag between the flow characteristics and how it is affected by the hematocrit, plasma layer thickness and Hartmann number has, for the first time, been added to the literature.     

A Two-Layer Mathematical Model of Blood Flow in Porous Constricted Blood Vessels

In this paper, we discussed a mathematical model for two-layered non-Newtonian blood flow through porous constricted blood vessels. The core region of blood flow contains the suspension of erythrocytes as non-Newtonian Casson fluid and the peripheral region contains the plasma flow as Newtonian fluid. The wall of porous constricted blood vessel configured as thin transition Brinkman layer over layered by Darcy region. The boundary of fluid layer is defined as stress jump condition of Ocha-Tapiya and Beavers–Joseph. In this paper, we obtained an analytic expression for velocity, flow rate, wall shear stress. The effect of permeability, plasma layer thickness, yield stress and shape of the constriction on velocity in core & peripheral region, wall shear stress and flow rate is discussed graphically. This is found throughout the discussion that permeability and plasma layer thickness have accountable effect on various flow parameters which gives an important observation for diseased blood vessels.     

2D radiation-hydrodynamics modeling of laser-plasma targets for ion stopping measurements

Two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics calculations were performed to analyze how a homogeneous plasma layer for ion-stopping measurements can be created by direct laser irradiation of thin carbon foils. At the initial stage, the assumed (so as to imitate the discussed experimental conditions) strongly non-uniform intensity distribution in the laser spot leads to the formation of relatively dense and cold clumps in the plasma. However, it is shown that after several nanoseconds the clumpy structure dissipates predominantly due to the energy transport by thermal radiation. Laser irradiation schemes with the fundamental and doubled frequency light, as well as one- and two-sided heating of the target foil are analyzed and compared. We find that the two-sided irradiation with the doubled laser frequency creates a fully ionized plasma layer and allows to reduce the plasma column-density variations to a level of ?1%.     

45#钢等离子渗氮在不同润滑剂下的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用脉冲直流等离子对45#钢进行等离子渗氮,用X射线散射分析等离子渗氮表面成分,并测量了渗氮前后表面硬度,利用SRV摩擦磨损试验机考察45#钢等离子渗氮前后在含磷酸三甲酚酯、硫化异丁烯和离子液3种润滑剂润滑下的摩擦磨损性能,通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱仪对3种润滑剂的抗磨减摩机理进行分析.结果表明:等离子渗氮后可以提高45#钢表面的硬度;在磷酸三甲酚酯、硫化异丁烯和离子液润滑下,其抗磨性能大幅度提高,等离子渗氮层具有良好的抗磨性能,其中1-丙基-3-辛基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液具有优良的抗磨减摩性能.这是由于润滑油中活性元素与渗氮层协同作用的结果.     

Cr12MoV钢离子渗氮和硫、碳、氮复合共渗层摩擦学性能研究

采用离子渗N和S、C、N复合共渗技术在Cr12MoV钢表面制备了由硫化物组成的改性层，考察了改性层在不同润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能，并采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析试样磨损表面形貌。结果表明：Cr12MoV钢表面经复合共渗处理后形成具有良好储油能力的多孔硫化物层，硫化物层在油润滑条件下可以显著提高Cr12MoV钢表面的摩擦磨损性能。     

MHD控制超声速边界层的理论研究和数值分析

对MHD(mechanisms of magnetohy drodynamics)控制超声速平板湍流边界层的机理进行了理论研究和数值模拟. 理论上,采用等离子体低频近似碰撞频率模型,建立等离子体中电子和离子的力平衡方程,得到等离子体速度、极化电场以及边界层速度. 数值上,通过空间HLLE格式、LU--SGS时间推进求解时均磁流体动力学湍流方程,其中湍流模型采用sst--k\omega双方程模型. 研究结果表明:(1)边界层速度的理论结果和数值结果误差在7%范围内;(2)只有磁场而电场为零时,洛仑兹力起到减小摩阻的作用. 施加电场后,洛仑兹力能够加速边界层低速区流体;(3) 在边界层外层,越靠近壁面,作用参数越小;而在边界层近壁区黏性底层,虽然惯性力减小, 但黏性力却迅速增加,因此越靠近壁面,作用参数反而越大,加速低速流的代价增加.      

Experimental transition delay using glow-discharge plasma actuators

In the present work plasma actuators were applied in a flat-plate boundary layer with an adverse pressure gradient to influence the transition of the boundary layer. The first actuator downstream of the leading edge is operated in pulsed mode to introduce perturbations into the boundary layer to promote transition. Two steady operating actuators further downstream damp the perturbations significantly, which results in transition delay.     

An approximate method for calculating the boundary layer of two-temperature plasma at electrodes with large values of the hall parameter

The processes occurring in the plasma boundary layer at electrodes are described by a complicated system of differential equations with boundary conditions specified on two boundaries. Even when a computer is used, solution of a boundary-value problem of this type presents serious difficulties. Besides, a method is desirable whereby fairly fast estimates can be obtained and the influence of different gross factors analyzed. From this point of view, the development of approximate methods is of great value for theory of the plasma boundary layer.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 44–52, January–February, 1970.     

摩擦-电化学噪声法研究Mo改性钛合金的腐蚀-磨损行为

利用等离子表面改性技术在Ti6Al4V合金基体上制备Mo渗镀复合改性层,考察改性层组织结构,利用微动摩擦学试验机并结合电化学噪声技术对比研究基材及改性层在0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中的腐蚀-微动摩擦学行为,对腐蚀-摩擦过程中的噪声参数进行分析.结果表明:纯Mo改性层能够明显改善钛合金的耐磨和减摩特性;同时提高了合金在0.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位及降低了腐蚀电流,改善了合金表面的腐蚀-摩擦学性能.     

The acceleration of electrons in a boundary layer

The effect of the redistribution of energy between ion and electron components for the motion of a plasma in a nonuniform magnetic field is considered on the example of a flat model of an equilibrium boundary layer between a rarefied plasma and a magnetic field in the relativistic invariant form. The relativistic and polarization corrections to the classical theory are found. Results are given for a numerical solution of the problem.     

Excitation of controllable perturbations in the three-dimensional boundary layer using plasma actuators

Two versions of the structure of a multi-discharge plasma actuator intended to excite boundary layer perturbations in the neighborhood of the leading swept-wing edge are suggested. The actuator must prevent from appearance and development of the crossflow instability modes leading to laminarturbulent transition under the normal conditions. In the case of flow past a swept wing, excitation of controllable perturbations by the plasma actuator is simulated numerically in the steady-state approximation under the typical conditions of cruising flight of a subsonic aircraft. The local body force and thermal impact on the boundary layer flow which is periodic along the leading wing edge is considered. The calculations are carried out for the physical impact parameters realizable in the near-surface dielectric barrier discharge.     

Ion distribution function at the boundary with an electrode

The ion distribution function is found in the case in which the Langmuir layer freely passes the ions incident from the plasma while the reverse ion flux is zero. These conditions are realized near the cathode in an arc discharge and at the surface of a probe operating on the ion branch of the characteristic. The electric field outside the Langmuir layer is assumed small. We obtain the connection between ion current and plasma density at the boundary with the electrode, the expressions for the ion mean kinetic energy and for the mean energy removed from the plasma by the ion, which differ markedly from the corresponding expressions in the Maxwellian distribution case.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 47–54, May–June, 1969.     

Stability and Receptivity of the Swept-Wing Boundary-Layer Flow Controlled by a Periodic Sequence of Plasma Actuators

Fluid Dynamics - The process of flow control in the boundary layer on a swept wing using a span-periodic sequence of plasma actuators mounted at an angle to the leading edge is modeled. The...     

等离子体减阻技术的研究进展

利用等离子体的特性减小飞行器的气动阻力是一种新概念的减阻思路.目前国外的一些风洞实验和计算结果已证明了等离子体减阻效果的显著性.本文介绍了国外等离子体减阻技术的研究进展,包括:逆向等离子体喷流减阻、基于等离子体边界层控制减阻和局部施加能量点源减阻.分析了等离子体减阻的基本原理及所涉及的一些关键技术点.最后针对我国的减阻研究情况,提出了等离子体减阻技术的研究方向.      

Forced oscillations of a viscous incompressible plasma with allowance for the electron inertia in a circular tube

The forced oscillations of a plasma column resulting from harmonic oscillations of the total current at a frequency ω are investigated analytically and numerically. The column plasma is assumed to be quasi-neutral two-component viscous and electroconducting, the electron inertia and the displacement current being completely taken into account. The electrons and ions are considered to be incompressible interpenetrating fluids. It is shown that the oscillations of the total current lead to the appearance of colliding plasma flows in the column, and, as the oscillation frequency ω increases, a skin layer with respect to main plasma parameters (current density, electromagnetic field, and hydrodynamic electron and ion velocities) develops on the boundary of the column. A comparison with the MHD theory is carried out and the role of the electron inertia and the displacement current in the generation of forced oscillations is investigated. The results obtained are used to analyze the plasma compression in apparatuses such as z-pinch and plasma focus.     

高性能渗氮钢微动磨损性能研究

采用等离子渗氮技术在1种高性能钢材表面进行了等离子渗氮.对处理后的试样进行了金相组织分析,测试了渗氮层的显微硬度,然后在SRV IV试验机上在常温条件下考察了渗氮钢微动摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:经等离子渗氮后试样表面形成了硬度较高的渗氮层,渗层硬度最大值是基体硬度的2.8倍;与未渗氮样相比,干摩擦时表面摩擦系数、磨损体积降低最大幅度分别约为28%、80%,渗氮样的主要磨损机理为氧化磨损和疲劳剥落;油润滑时表面摩擦系数、磨损体积降低最大幅度分别约为37%、97%,渗氮样主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损和裂纹扩展引起的细块状剥落;渗氮处理后的试样表面抗微动磨损性能更加优异.     

Structure of a collisionless boundary layer and turbulent damping of ions

The flow of a low-pressure plasma in a MHD channel is unstable in a number of cases. The instability can be caused by a current flowing across the magnetic field. In this study we investigate an unstable, turbulent flow of a rarefied plasma near the magnetized electrodes, representing plane magnetic dipoles. Owing to the growth of microscopic turbulence near the electrodes, the maximum density of the current that is induced in the plasma is localized and turbulent damping of the incoming flow occurs. The energy of damping goes into the turbulent heating of the plasma. Under these conditions a structure of the boundary layer is found for a stationary flow. The characteristic transverse dimension of the boundary layer is considerably less than the particle mean free path; therefore, such a boundary layer can be called collisionless.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Mekhaniki i Tekhnicheskoi Fiziki, No. 5, pp. 17–28, September–October, 1972.