Transient thermal stress analysis of a functionally graded magneto-electro-thermoelastic strip due to nonuniform surface heating

This article is concerned with the theoretical analysis of the functionally graded magneto-electro-thermoelastic strip due to unsteady and nonuniform surface heating in the width direction. We analyze the transient thermal stress problem for a functionally graded strip constructed of the anisotropic and linear magneto-electro-thermoelastic materials using a laminated composite mode as one of theoretical approximation. The transient two-dimensional temperature is analyzed by the methods of Laplace and finite sine transformations. We obtain the solution for the simply supported and functionally graded magneto-electro-thermoelastic strip under a plane strain state. As an illustration, we carried out numerical calculations for a functionally graded strip composed of piezoelectric BaTiO₃ and magnetostrictive CoFe₂O₄, and examined the behaviors in the transient state for temperature change, stress, electric potential and magnetic potential distributions. Furthermore, the effects of the nonhomogeneity of material on the stresses, electric potential, and magnetic potential are investigated.     

Stress intensity factor for an edge crack in two bonded dissimilar materials under convective cooling

The transient thermal stress crack problem for two bonded dissimilar materials subjected to a convective cooling on the surface containing an edge crack perpendicular to the interface is considered. The problem is solved using the principle of superposition and the uncoupled quasi-static thermoelasticity. The crack problem is formulated by applying the transient thermal stresses obtained from the uncracked medium with opposite sign on the crack surfaces to be the only external loads. Fourier integral transform is used to solve the perturbation problem resulting in a singular integral equation of Cauchy type in which the derivative of the crack surface displacement is the unknown function. The numerical results of the stress intensity factors are calculated for both the edge crack and the crack terminating at the interface using two different composite materials and illustrated as a function of time, crack length, coefficient of heat transfer, and the thickness ratio.     

Theoretical transient analysis and wave propagation of piezoelectric bi-materials

The transient response of piezoelectric bi-materials subjected to a dynamic anti-plane concentrated force or electric charge with perfectly bonded interface is examined in the present study. The problem is solved by using the Laplace transform method and the inverse Laplace transform is evaluated by means of Cagniard’s method. Exact transient full-field solutions of the contribution for each wave are expressed in explicit closed forms. The transient behavior of field quantities is examined in detail by numerical calculations. The existence condition of a propagating surface wave along the interface is discussed in detail. A surface wave can be guided by the interface of two semi-infinite materials in contact if one, at least, of these two materials is piezoelectric. The propagation velocity of the surface wave is explicitly expressed and is found to be less than the lower shear wave velocity of the two materials. The existence of the surface wave for piezoelectric–piezoelectric bi-materials is restricted to the situation that the shear waves of the two piezoelectric materials are very close. The possibility for the existence of the surface wave for piezoelectric–elastic bi-materials is much greater than that of the piezoelectric–piezoelectric bi-materials.     

非均质材料动力分析的广义多尺度有限元法

自然界和工程中的大部分材料都具有多尺度特征,当考察尺度小到一定程度后,都将表现出非均质性.针对非均质材料的动力问题,提出了一种广义多尺度有限元方法,其基本思想是利用静态凝聚法以及罚函数法构造能够反映单元内部材料非均质特性的多尺度位移基函数.与传统扩展多尺度有限元法中的基函数构造方式不同,广义多尺度有限元法的基函数无需通过在子网格域上多次求解椭圆问题得到,而可直接通过矩阵运算获得.其主要步骤如下:利用数值基函数将一个非均质单胞等效为一个宏观单元,进而形成整个结构的等效刚度矩阵,并得到宏观网格的节点位移,最后再次利用数值基函数得到微观尺度上的位移结果.该广义多尺度有限元法是扩展多尺度有限元法的一种新的拓展,可模拟具有更加复杂几何的非均质单胞的力学行为.通过数值算例,模拟了非均质材料的静力问题、广义特征值问题以及瞬态响应问题,计算结果表明:在边界条件一样的情况下,广义多尺度有限元法的计算结果与传统有限元的计算结果保持高度一致.与传统有限元相比,该方法在保证计算精度的同时极大地提高了计算效率.研究结果表明,广义多尺度有限元法能够很好地模拟非均质单胞的力学行为,具有良好的工程应用潜力.      

A GENERALIZED PIEZOELECTRIC-THERMOELASTIC THEORY WITH STRAIN RATE AND ITS APPLICATION 1)

工程中大量材料的形变介于弹性与黏性之间, 既具有弹性固体特性, 又具有黏性流体特点, 即为黏弹性. 黏弹性使得材料出现很多力学松弛现象, 如应变松弛、滞后损耗等行为. 在研究受热载荷作用的多场耦合问题的瞬态响应时, 考虑此类问题中的热松弛和应变松弛现象, 对准确描述其瞬态响应尤为重要. 针对广义压电热弹问题的瞬态响应, 尽管已有学者建立了考虑热松弛的广义压电热弹模型, 但迄今, 尚未计入应变松弛. 本文中, 考虑到材料变形时的应变松弛, 通过引入应变率, 在Chandrasekharaiah广义压电热弹理论的基础之上, 经拓展, 建立了考虑应变率的广义压电热弹理论. 借助热力学定律, 给出了理论的建立过程并得到了相应的状态方程及控制方程. 在本构方程中, 引入了应变松弛时间与应变率的乘积项, 同时, 分别在本构方程和能量方程中引入了热松弛时间因子. 其后, 该理论被用于研究受移动热源作用的压电热弹一维问题的动态响应问题. 采用拉普拉斯变换及其数值反变换, 对问题进行了求解, 得到了不同应变松弛时间和热源移动速度下的瞬态响应, 即无量纲温度、位移、应力和电势的分布规律, 并重点考察了应变率对各物理量的影响效应, 将结果以图形形式进行了表示. 结果表明: 应变率对温度、位移、应力和电势的分布规律有显著影响.     

The singular behaviour in the vicinity of intersection between the body and free surface

The singular behaviour in the vicinity of intersection between the body and free surface is presented.It is shown that in the linear regime the singularity of velocity potential for transient problem is in d~2|nd.The singular behaviour for harmonic problem is the same as the result for the transient problem.In particular,the singularity for the harmonic problem with infinite frequency is in d~2 lnd for velocity potential(d is the distance between field point and intersection).     

考虑应变率的广义压电热弹理论及其应用

工程中大量材料的形变介于弹性与黏性之间, 既具有弹性固体特性, 又具有黏性流体特点, 即为黏弹性. 黏弹性使得材料出现很多力学松弛现象, 如应变松弛、滞后损耗等行为. 在研究受热载荷作用的多场耦合问题的瞬态响应时, 考虑此类问题中的热松弛和应变松弛现象, 对准确描述其瞬态响应尤为重要. 针对广义压电热弹问题的瞬态响应, 尽管已有学者建立了考虑热松弛的广义压电热弹模型, 但迄今, 尚未计入应变松弛. 本文中, 考虑到材料变形时的应变松弛, 通过引入应变率, 在Chandrasekharaiah广义压电热弹理论的基础之上, 经拓展, 建立了考虑应变率的广义压电热弹理论. 借助热力学定律, 给出了理论的建立过程并得到了相应的状态方程及控制方程. 在本构方程中, 引入了应变松弛时间与应变率的乘积项, 同时, 分别在本构方程和能量方程中引入了热松弛时间因子. 其后, 该理论被用于研究受移动热源作用的压电热弹一维问题的动态响应问题. 采用拉普拉斯变换及其数值反变换, 对问题进行了求解, 得到了不同应变松弛时间和热源移动速度下的瞬态响应, 即无量纲温度、位移、应力和电势的分布规律, 并重点考察了应变率对各物理量的影响效应, 将结果以图形形式进行了表示. 结果表明: 应变率对温度、位移、应力和电势的分布规律有显著影响.      

The analysis of thermal stresses in thermopiezoelastic semi-infinite body with an edge crack

Summary  Thermopiezoelastic materials have recently attracted considerable attention because of their potential use in intelligent or smart structural systems. The governing equations of a thermopiezoelastic medium are more complex due to the intrinsic coupling effects that take place among mechanical, electrical and thermal fields. In this analysis, we deal with the problem of a crack in a semi-infinite, transversely isotropic, thermopiezoelastic material by means of potential functions and Fourier transforms under steady heat-flux loading conditions. The problem is reduced to a singular integral equation that is solved. The thermal stress intensity factor for a crack situated in a cadmium selenide material is calculated. Received 20 March 2001; accepted for publication 18 October 2001     

Identification of the dynamic properties of nonlinear vicoelastic materials and the associated wave propagation problem

A method is developed for the identification of the dynamic properties of nonlinear viscoelastic materials using transient response information arising from impact tests. The solutions of the identification problem and that of the associated nonlinear wave propagation problem are shown to be coupled. They are accomplished via application of the method of lines, the Runge-Kutta-Pouzet integration scheme with automatic step size control and Powell's method of unconstrained optimization. Numerical experiments are performed to demonstrate the feasibility, accuracy and stability of the solution procedure established, and wave propagation experiments are conducted to investigate the applicability of the method to a real physical system. The results are of particular interest in the modeling of nonlinear viscoelastic materials and the identification of systems governed by nonlinear hyperbolic partial-integro-differential equations.     

Numerical study of the axially symmetric motion of an incompressible viscous fluid in an annulus between two concentric rotating spheres

The research reported herein involved the study of the transient motion of a system consisting of an incompressible Newtonian fluid in an annulus between two concentric, rotating, rigid spheres. The primary purpose of the research was to study the use of a numerical method for analysing the transient motion that results from the interaction between the fluid in the annulus and the spheres which are started suddenly by the action of prescribed torques. The problems considered in this research included cases where: (a) one or both spheres rotate with prescribed constant angular velocities and (b) one sphere rotates due to the action of an applied constant or impulsive t?orque. In this research the coupled solid and fluid equations were solved numerically by employing the finite difference technique. With the approach adopted in this research, only the derivatives with respect to spatial variables were approximated with the use of the finite difference formulae. The steady state problem was also solved as a separate problem (for verification purposes), and the results were compared with those obtained from the solution of the transient problem. Newton's algorithm was employed to solve the algebraic equations which resulted from the steady state problem, and the Adams fourth-order predictor–corrector method was employed to solve the ordinary differential equations for the transient problem. Results were obtained for the streamfunction, circumferential function, angular velocity of the spheres and viscous torques acting on the spheres as a function of time for various values of the system dimensionless parameters.     

Recent development of transient electronics

Transient electronics are an emerging class of electronics with the unique characteristic to completely dissolve within a programmed period of time. Since no harmful byproducts are released, these electronics can be used in the human body as a diagnostic tool, for instance, or they can be used as environmentally friendly alternatives to existing electronics which disintegrate when exposed to water. Thus, the most crucial aspect of transient electronics is their ability to disintegrate in a practical manner and a review of the literature on this topic is essential for understanding the current capabilities of transient electronics and areas of future research. In the past, only partial dissolution of transient electronics was possible,however, total dissolution has been achieved with a recent discovery that silicon nanomembrane undergoes hydrolysis. The use of single- and multi-layered structures has also been explored as a way to extend the lifetime of the electronics. Analytical models have been developed to study the dissolution of various functional materials as well as the devices constructed from this set of functional materials and these models prove to be useful in the design of the transient electronics.     

Use of the reciprocity theorem for axially symmetric transient problems

Summary A fundamental solution, to be used in reciprocal theorem for the solutions of axially symmetric transient problem of elastodynamics, is presented. A cylindrical cavity problem has been solved to check the formulation. The strong singularity of the resulting integral equation for this problem has been reduced to the weak form. The new formulation provides the initial velocity on the surface for a transient loading. Some differences have been introduced for the use of generalized functions.     

Dual equations and solutions of I-type crack of dynamic problems in piezoelectric materials

This paper firstly works out basic differential equations of piezoelectric materials expressed in terms of potential functions, which are introduced in the very beginning. These equations are primarily solved through Laplace transformation, semi-infinite Fourier sine transformation and cosine transformation. Secondly, dual equations of dynamic cracks problem in 2D piezoelectric materials are established with the help of Fourier reverse transformation and the introduction of boundary conditions. Finally, according to the character of the Bessel function and by making full use of the Abel integral equation and its reverse transform, the dual equations are changed into the second type of Fredholm integral equations. The investigation indicates that the study approach taken is feasible and has potential to be an effective method to do research on issues of this kind.     

Transient piezothermoelasticity for a cylindrical composite panel composed of angle-ply and piezoelectric laminae

This paper is concerned with the theoretical treatment of transient piezothermoelastic problem is developed for a cylindrical composite panel composed of angle-ply laminae and piezoelectric material of crystal class mm2, subject to non-uniform heat supply in the circumferential direction. We obtain the exact solution for the two-dimensional temperature change in a transient state, and transient piezothermoelastic response of a simple supported cylindrical composite panel under the state of generalized plane deformation. As an example, numerical calculations are carried out for an angle-ply laminated composite panel made of alumina fiber reinforced aluminum composite, associated with a piezoelectric layer of a cadmium selenide solid. Some numerical results for temperature change, displacement, stress and electric potential distributions in a transient state are shown in figures. Furthermore, the influence of thickness of the angle-ply laminate is investigated.     

Dynamic interaction of multiple arbitrarily oriented planar cracks in a piezoelectric space: A semi-analytic solution

The problem of determining the electro-elastic fields around arbitrarily oriented planar cracks in an infinite piezoelectric space is considered. The cracks which are acted upon by a transient load are either electrically impermeable or permeable. A semi-analytic method based on the theory of exponential Fourier transformation is proposed for solving the problem in the Laplace transform domain. The Laplace transforms of the jumps in the displacements and electric potential across opposite crack faces are determined by solving a system of hypersingular integral equations. Once these displacement and electric potential jumps are obtained, the displacements and electric potential and other physical quantities of interest, such as the crack tip stress and electric displacement intensity factors, can be computed with the help of a suitable algorithm for inverting Laplace transforms. The stress and electric displacement intensity factors are computed for some specific cases of the problem.     

Mechanical modeling and transient anti-plane fracture analysis for the graded inter-diffusion regions in a bonded structure

An inter-diffusion interface model (IDIM) is put forward for a bonded structure. Laplace and Fourier integral transforms are applied to reduce the transient anti-plane fracture problem of the structure as a Cauchy singular integral equation. Lobatto-Chebyshev collocation method and Laplace numerical inversion transform are employed to evaluate transient stress intensity factors (TSIFs). The effects of geometrical and physical parameters on TSIFs are studied. Specially discussed are the influences of the weak/micro-discontinuity of the interfaces. Comparison between IDIM and the graded interlayer model indicates that if the inter-diffusion between the two original materials is prominent, the former should be applied instead of the latter in fracture analyses of bonded structures.     

双层球壳结构准静态线性化学弹性问题的位移势函数解

本文研究了各向同性固体的化学-力学耦合问题,在传统化学弹性理论描述的扩散-变形耦合关系基础上,进一步考虑了化学反应与固体变形的相互作用关系,发展了等温状态下固体-扩散-反应-变形耦合的线性化学弹性理论,拓展了化学弹性力学的应用范围．该理论能够同时描述固体内介质扩散和固体与介质之间化学反应两个不同时间尺度的化学过程,并给出由此引起的弹性范围内的应变和应力．为应用该模型求解具体化学弹性问题,本文通过构造扩散-反应位移势函数来获得位移特解形式,再与齐次Lamé方程通解叠加获得完整解;针对反应控制问题,引入化学弹性准静态假设,将反应-扩散-变形全耦合的瞬态过程分解为两个可解耦的相继过程,从而获得相应位移解．基于此解法,本文获得了反应控制的双层球壳结构化学弹性问题的解析解,并分析了化学反应、几何结构和弹性模量对应力分布的影响．     

TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF A BI-LAYERED MULTIFERROIC COMPOSITE PLATE

In this paper,a three-dimensional finite-element formulation for the multiferroic composite is developed and implemented into the commercial software ABAQUS for its transient analysis.First,a special three-dimensional eight-node solid element is designed to handle the multiferroic composite made of elastic,piezoelectric,and piezomagnetic materials.Second,a userdefined subroutine for this newly developed element is implemented into ABAQUS.Finally,the transient responses of a bi-layered multiferroic composite are calculated by using the direct time integration method.Two typical magnetic potential signals,Gauss and Ricker pulses,are applied to the composite with various time durations of excitation.The induced electric field shows that the transient response can be substantially influenced by the input signal,which could be tuned for the strongest electric output.     

Normal mode responses of linear piezoelectric materials with hexagonal symmetry

We consider in this paper the dynamic electromechanical responses of linear piezoelectric materials with hexagonal symmetry in the normal mode configuration. In particular, we formulate the coupled transient problem and obtain numerical results to illustrate the nature of the electrical outputs of rectangular specimens of these materials subjected to time dependent mechanical boundary loads.     

Unsteady non-darcian fluid flow in parallel-plates channels partially filled with porous materials

Using Green's function method, analytical solutions are obtained for the problem of transient fluid flow in parallel-plate channels partially filled with porous materials. The unsteadiness in the fluid flow is caused either by a sudden change in the imposed pressure gradient or (and) by a sudden change in the velocity of the channel boundaries. The Brinkman-extended Darcy model is used to model the flow inside the porous domain. Received on 9 April 1997