端羟基丁二烯丙烯腈共低聚物的合成及其力学性能：Ⅱ.均匀组成 …

根据共聚物组成的计算方法,合成了组成均匀的端羟基丁二烯与丙烯腈液体共聚物并用ＮＭＲ观察和计算了该液体聚合物的序列分布,测定了力学性能。     

两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成及其在离子液体中的自组装行为

采用阴离子开环聚合法合成了两亲性嵌段共聚物PLA-PEG-PLA.用FT-IR,1H NMR和GPC等手段对嵌段共聚物的结构组成进行了表征.两亲性嵌段共聚物在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐中能自组装成胶束,用透射电子显微镜观察了聚合物在离子液体中形成胶束的纳米结构.当疏水链长固定时,胶束的自组装形状主要依赖于亲水链的长度.两亲性共聚物在离子液体中可自组装成可控制结构的纳米胶束,这种纳米结构胶束在很多领域具有广泛的应用前景.     

端羟基丁二烯-丙烯腈共低聚物控制组成的计算方法与合成

针对二元共聚反应,在分批聚合中制备组成相同的共聚物,提出了为控制共聚物组成在反应过程中补加活性较大单体的计算方法。并根据这种方法合成了端羟基丁二烯-丙烯腈共低聚物。该方法也可用于其它二元共聚反应。     

端羟基丁二烯/丙烯腈共低聚物的合成及其力学性能I.控制组成的计算方法

通过分批聚合，制备具有均匀组成的共聚物。提出了为控制共聚物组成在反应过程中补加单体的计算方法。它不仅适用于丁二烯与丙烯腈的共低聚反应，也适用于其它二元共低聚反应     

端羟基丁二烯／丙烯腈共低聚物的合成及其力学性能：Ⅰ.控制？…

通过分批聚合,制备具有均匀组成的共聚物,提出了为控制共聚物组成在反应过程中补加单体的计算方法。它不仅适用于二烯与丙烯腈的共低聚反应,也适用于其它二元共低聚反应。     

聚苯乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

通过阴离子溶液聚合合成了聚苯乙烯／聚二甲基硅氧烷的嵌段共聚物(PS-b-PDMS),并用GPC、FTIR、DMA,^1H-NMR、TEM等分析手段袁征了其结构与组成;电镜测得该嵌段共聚物的微区尺寸大约为20～30nm,与计算微区尺寸的结果相近。该共聚物具有非常低的表面能。     

负载钛催化合成高反式丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚物的序列分布

采用TiCl4-MgCl2-Al(i-Bu)3体系催化丁二烯(Bd,M1)-异戊二烯(Ip,M2)共聚合成了高反式-1,4-结构的共聚物,用13^CNMR方法研究了共聚物的结构和组成分布,定量计算了共聚物二元组的浓度和数均序列长度,证明共聚物的序列分布服一级Markov模型,继而根据一张Markov模型预测了一次投料不同转化率下所得共聚物的链段分布。     

计算机辅助有机元素分析研究共聚物的组成

本文提出了计算机辅助有机元素分析计算高分子共聚物组成的一般公式,并以丙烯酰胺-丙烯酸钠共聚物为例予以验证。同时测试了AP-20系列共聚物及AT-430共聚物的共聚组成,其结果与~(13)C NMR测定数据一致。     

马来酸酐─环氧丙烷共聚物的合成及结构表征

本文将稀土络合物Ｎｄ（Ｐ２０４）３、Ｎｄ（Ｐ５０７）３、Ｎｄ（ｎａＰｈ）３、Ｎｄ（ａｃａｃ）３．３Ｈ２Ｏ与烷基铝组成的二元体系催化剂用于共聚马来酸酐（ＭＡｎ）与环氧丙烷（ＰＯ）获得成功．并采用１Ｈ—ＮＭＲ研究了共聚物三元组序列分布．结果表明，稀土络合催化剂为ＭＡｎ与ＰＯ共聚的优良催化刑，可得到高转化率、高交替度共聚物．共聚物数均分子量Ｍｎ和分子量分布分别为２０００—３０００、１．３—１．７，共聚物中ＭＡｎ的摩尔含量４０％以上．共聚物组成及序列分布与投料比、催化剂种类、溶剂性质等有关．理论计算表明，序列分布符合三级马尔可夫（Ｍａｒｋｏｆｆｉａｎ）过程．     

四氟乙烯/偏氟乙烯乳液共聚反应的竞聚率测定

用亨利定律关联了四氟乙烯 (TFE) /偏氟乙烯 (VDF)乳液共聚合体系中的单体气相分压与其对应液相浓度间的关系 ,推导了用气相摩尔分数表示的共聚物组成方程式 .通过气相色谱和19F NMR分别测定了共聚反应前后气相单体组成和共聚物组成 ,用非线性回归法 (RREVM )计算TFE/VDF乳液共聚合反应表观竞聚率分别为γTFE=0 35和γVDF=0 6 3 .将实测的表观竞聚率代入共聚物组成方程计算共聚物组成与由19F NMR测定的结果一致 ,为进一步的工业放大试验提供科学依据     

丁二烯与丙烯腈共低聚反应中共聚物组成的控制

在二元共聚反应中,为了制备具有均匀组成的共聚物,对于分批聚合,在反应过程中须补加消耗较快的单体以保持单体的浓度比为常数。本工作提出了为控制共聚物组成在反应过程中补加单体的计算方法,它不仅适用于丁二烯与丙烯腈的共低聚反应,也适合于其它二元共聚反应。用这种方法制备了具有均匀组成的丁二烯与丙烯腈共低聚物。     

Propagation Mechanism of Radical Copolymerization of Sulfur Dioxide and Vinyl Chloride

Radical copolymerization of sulfur dioxide and vinyl chloride (VC) has been studied by the comparison of the composition of copolymers obtaining from different reaction conditions, i.e., reaction temperatures, feed compositions, and total monomer concentrations. The composition of VC in copolymer is independent of comonomer composition except at high concentration of VC in feed; it increases with increasing reaction temperature or decreasing total monomer concentration. At lower temperature, the composition of copolymer becomes independent of total monomer concentration. The overall rate of polymerization is proportional to [VC]^1,7 and [SO₂]^0.5. These results were compared with those obtained in our previous study on the SO₂-styrene copolymerization. A propagation mechanism for radical copolymerization of SO₂ and VC is also proposed.     

Dependence of computed copolymer reactivity ratios on the calculation method. II. Effects of experimental design and error structure

Two calculation methods for estimating reactivity ratios, one method based on the differential Alfrey-Mayo equation and one based on the integrated form of this model, are compared with respect to precision and bias. Both methods are characterized by the use of information about the monomer feed composition only and are assumed to be valid up to high conversion. As only monomer feed composition has to be analyzed, several sampling designs are feasible. Two extreme designs can be distinguished. One consists of repetitive sampling of the initial and final monomer feed mixture, whereas the other consists of sequential sampling during the course of the reaction. The influence of both designs of the calculated r-values is investigated by means of simulation. In the present paper the second calculation method, based on the integrated form, is solved by a nonlinear least squares method considering errors in both variables. This method required additional information about the errorstructure of the data. As this information is mostly of approximate nature, the influence of misspecification of this error structure on the calculated r-values is also examined.     

Copolymerization of vinyl acetate with ethyl α-cyanocinnamate

Trisubstituted ethylene, ethyl α-cyanocinnamate, is readily copolymerized with vinyl acetate by a conventional radical initiator. Terminal, penultimate, and “complex” copolymerization models were applied by using the data of composition of the copolymers obtained in bulk and by copolymerization in benzene, ethyl acetate, and chloroform. The model based on the participation of the monomer complexes describes satisfactorily the deviation from the terminal copolymerization model. The proton NMR analyses of the monomer mixtures indicate that the interaction between the monomers leads to the formation of weak monomer complexes. Kinetic studies of the initial rate dependence on the total monomer concentration and monomer feed composition enabled us to evaluate the degree of participation of the free uncomplexed monomers and the monomer complex in the propagation reactions. The contribution of the complexed monomers in the propagation stages increases with the increase in total monomer concentration. The initial rate of the copolymerization is proportional to the square root of the initiator concentration, thus confirming the bimolecular termination of the macrochains. The rate constants of the addition reactions of the complex and free monomers were evaluated from the kinetic studies. The quantitative kinetic treatment provided information regarding the relative weight of the termination reaction and indicated that the termination in the system occurs predominantly by the cross-termination reaction between two growing polymer radicals with different kinds of monomer units at the ends. Additional information on the termination in this system was obtained from viscosity measurements.     

Investigations of the Mechanism of Alternating Copolymerization with Charge-Transfer Interaction of the Monomers

The applicability of the method of Giese to the measurement of the influence of monomer reactivity is examined. The reaction of alkyl mercuric salts with sodium borohydride permits the production of alkyl (cyclohexyl and butyl) radicals. Since hydrogen radicals are present in high concentration, the addition of alkenes to the reaction mixture leads to radicals from the alkenes. Further addition of alkene (polymerization) can be nearly completely excluded in this way. The composition of the reaction products is determined by gas chromatography. The addition rate of the alkenes relative to styrene allows correlation with the e value of the Q-e scheme of Alfrey and Price. The method answers the question of how far addition of the monomer complex occurs in one step or as separate addition of both monomers during copolymerization in the presence of charge-transfer (CT) complexes of the monomers. The investigations are performed by using the styrene/acrylonitrile/ZnCl₂system, and it is demonstrated that the reactivity of the complexed     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯型高分子染料的合成

高分子染料的合成研究起于６０年代初［１］．１９７３年，Ｍａｒｅｃｈａｌ等实现了无色高分子材料与有色染料分子的化学键合［２～３］．目前，高分子染料已广泛应用于化妆品、涂料、填料、食品等领域并开始探索在液晶显示、半导体材料、激光记录、非线性光学材料、亲和...     

The kinetics of oxidative coupling of 2,6-dimethylphenol with a copper-diamine catalyst system

Reaction rate measurements show that a Michaelis-Menten model proposed earlier is inadequate to describe the full course of the polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol to poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide). Modification of this model to include the effects of catalyst deactivation during the reaction and difference in reactivity between the monomer and other oligomers resulted in much greater accuracy. The kinetic constants in the modified model were influenced by reaction temperature, system composition, and method of catalyst component addition.     

Prediction of polymer composition in batch emulsion copolymerization

Monomer partitioning in emulsion copolymerization plays a key role in determining composition drift and polymerization rates. The combination of recently developed thermodynamically based monomer partitioning relationships with mass balance equations, makes predictions of monomer partitioning in emulsion copolymerizations possible in terms of monomer mole fractions and monomer concentrations in the particle and aqueous phases. Using this approach, the effects of monomer to water ratios and polymer volumes on the monomer mole fraction within the polymer particle phase in a nonpolymerizing system at thermodynamic equilibrium can be determined. Comparison of these monomer partitioning predictions with experiments for the monomer system methyl acrylate—vinyl acetate shows good agreement. Furthermore, composition drift occurring in a polymerizing system as a function of conversion can be predicted if the assumption is made that equilibrium is maintained during reaction. Comparison of predictions with experimental results for emulsion copolymerizations of the monomer systems methyl acrylate—vinyl acetate and methyl acrylate—indene shows good agreement. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.