石墨烯-壳聚糖-纳米金修饰的免疫传感器应用于1-芘丁酸的检测研究

本文采用石墨烯(GS)-壳聚糖(CS)-纳米金(Nano-Au)复合材料修饰玻碳电极,构建性能良好的生物识别界面,制备一种无标记的电流型免疫传感器,并应用于1-芘丁酸(PBA)的高灵敏检测。研究结果表明,GS、CS和Nano-Au的协同作用,极大地提高了anti-PAHs抗体在电极表面的覆盖量,从而提高了免疫传感器的灵敏度和检测性能。采用示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)对PBA进行检测,PBA在0.001~10ng/mL和10~200ng/mL浓度范围内与峰电流值呈良好的线性关系,检出限为0.001ng/mL。该传感器应用于实际水样中痕量PBA的检测,加标回收率为90%~105%。     

8-羟基脱氧鸟苷在壳聚糖/石墨烯修饰电极上的电化学及DNA氧化损伤检测

采用循环伏安(CV)、线性扫描伏安(LSV)和示差脉冲伏安(DPV)等方法研究了8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-OHdG)在壳聚糖(Chi)/石墨烯(GR)修饰的玻碳电极(GCE)上的电化学行为,8-OHdG在该修饰电极上氧化峰电流与其浓度在3.5×10-7~1.4×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检测限为6.4×10-8mol/L(S/N=3)。将Chi/GR/GCE用于检测DNA氧化损伤,8-OHdG在修饰电极上的氧化峰电流与损伤的DNA质量浓度在10~300 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,损伤DNA检出限为0.026 mg/L(S/N=3)。     

电化学还原氧化石墨烯/纳米金-壳聚糖复合膜修饰玻碳电极对尿酸的灵敏测定

将氧化石墨烯(GO)在玻碳电极(GCE)表面进行直接电化学还原,再组装上纳米金-壳聚糖(AuNPCS)聚阳离子,形成了电化学还原氧化石墨烯/纳米金-壳聚糖(ERGO/AuNP-CS)复合膜修饰的玻碳电极。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了不同修饰膜表面的形貌,探讨了其对尿酸(UA)分子的差分脉冲伏安(DPV)行为,发现ERGO/AuNP-CS复合膜对UA分子表现出显著的电催化氧化活性。在0.10 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=6.5)中,扫速为100 mV/s时,此复合膜修饰电极的DPV响应与UA的浓度在0.05~110μmol/L范围内呈性关系,检测限为12.4 nmol/L(S/N=3)。此修饰电极具有良好的选择性、重现性和稳定性,可应用于人体血清和尿液样品中UA的测定,回收率达到93.8%~104.1%。结果与分光光度法和尿酸酶试剂盒法相符。     

石墨烯-壳聚糖修饰电极构建石杉碱甲免疫传感器

通过将石杉碱甲抗体(anti-HupA)固定到由还原态氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖(r GO/CS)复合膜修饰的玻碳电极表面,制备高灵敏度的电化学免疫传感器,利用石杉碱甲抗原抗体特异性反应可阻断[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-氧化还原反应体系电子转移的特点,建立了检测石杉碱甲(Hup A)的电化学免疫传感器分析方法。采用循环伏安法(CV)、交流阻抗法(EIS)及差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)研究Hup A在[Fe(CN)6]3-/4-氧化还原体系的电化学行为,利用DPV法测定Hup A浓度。在优化条件下,15 mmol/L K3[Fe(CN)6]+0. 1 mol/L KCl+0. 1 mol/L PBS(pH 6. 5)测试体系中,Hup A浓度的对数与峰电流差值在1. 0×10-13~1. 0×10-10mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为1. 000 0,检出限为3. 0×10-14mol/L,回收率为99. 4%~102%。该方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高、操作简单、绿色环保等特点,可用于中药材中石杉碱甲浓度的快速检测。     

铋/石墨烯/Nafion复合膜修饰玻碳电极检测煤矸石中的镉和铅

通过滴涂法在玻碳电极(GCE)表面修饰一层多孔中空的石墨烯(GN)/Nafion(全氟代磺酸脂,NA)薄膜,然后通过电化学沉积法在GN/NA修饰的GCE表面富集Bi成功制备出铋/石墨烯/NA复合膜修饰玻碳电极(Bi/GN/NA/GCE),将所制备的Bi/GN/NA/GCE采用方波阳极溶出伏安法(SWASV)原位同时检测...     

纳米铜/石墨烯-壳聚糖复合膜修饰电极及其对葡萄糖的直接测定

以石墨烯-壳聚糖复合膜修饰玻碳电极,并在此复合膜上电沉积纳米铜,用于葡萄糖的无酶检测。以扫描电镜、傅立叶红外光谱及电化学交流阻抗谱对该复合膜微观形态进行表征,以循环伏安法、计时电流法对该电极的电化学行为进行研究。实验结果表明,在0.1 mol/L Na OH溶液中修饰电极对葡萄糖具有良好的催化氧化作用,该电极对葡萄糖的检测线性范围为5.6×10-5~1.2×10-3mol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为2.3×10-5mol/L。该修饰电极对样品的检测具有良好的稳定性、重现性。     

巯基β-环糊精/还原氧化石墨烯/金纳米粒子复合膜修饰电极间接检测3,3′,4,4′-四氯联苯

本文采用巯基β-环糊精(β-CD-SH)/还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)/金纳米粒子(AuNPs)复合膜对玻碳电极(GCE)进行修饰,构建了以K_3[Fe(CN)_6]为探针,间接检测3,3′,4,4′-四氯联苯(PCB77)的电化学传感器。通过循环伏安法(CV)与差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)对该传感器的电化学性质及电极反应机理进行了研究,并优化了电极的制备及其检测PCB77的条件。在最佳条件下,PCB77浓度在0.5～10.0μmol/L范围与峰电流变化值ΔI_p呈良好的线性关系,相关系数R=0.9954,检出限为0.081μmol/L。对实际样品的检测,加标回收率在91.2%～106.2%之间。     

基于纳米银-石墨烯复合材料的增强效应电化学测定对乙酰氨基酚

利用氧化还原反应制备纳米银-石墨烯复合纳米材料(Ag NPs-GN),将其修饰在玻碳电极表面制备了纳米银-石墨烯修饰玻碳电极(Ag NPs-GN/GCE)。在p H 4.78的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,用循环伏安法(CV)和方波伏安法(SWV)研究了对乙酰氨基酚在Ag NPs-GN/GCE和GN/GCE上的电化学行为。结果表明,二者对对乙酰氨基酚的氧化还原反应均有电催化作用,而且复合纳米材料Ag NPs-GN具有较单一GN更好的催化效果。用方波伏安法测得对乙酰氨基酚的还原峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-7~5.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为3.0×10-8mol/L。建立了片剂中对乙酰氨基酚含量测定的新方法,修饰电极具有较好的重现性和稳定性。     

基于包被包膜糖蛋白抗体纳米金磁性微粒的无试剂安培免疫传感器

在玻碳电极(GCE)表面固定对H2O2有催化还原活性的富马酸二甲酯联吡啶铜(GCE|CuL);再在GCE|CuL表面修饰一层金磁微粒-壳聚糖复合膜(nano Au/Fe3O4/Chit), 进而固定艾滋病毒(HIV)诊断标志物--包膜糖蛋白(gp160)抗体(anti gp160), 由此构建了一类快速检测 gp160的无试剂安培免疫传感器.当该传感器在含gp160溶液中37 ℃下温育30 min后, 传感器表面生成的免疫复合物随gp160浓度的增大而增加, 导致CuL 对H2O2 电催化还原效果降低, 催化电流呈现下降趋势.在PBS溶液(pH 7.0)和-300 mV下, 催化电流的降低值ΔIo与gp160浓度在1～400 μg/L 呈线性关系; 检出限为0.5 μg/L(3σ).研制的免疫传感器检测gp160时, 一步免疫反应即可得结果, 较相同条件下包被gp160抗体的纳米金单分子层修饰电极灵敏度更高, 检测范围更宽, 有望用于艾滋病人血清标志物gp160快速筛测.     

桑色素/石墨烯修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺的选择性灵敏测定

在石墨烯纳米片修饰电极(GN/GCE)上,通过电聚合的方法制备了新颖的桑色素/石墨烯复合修饰电极(M/GN/GCE).以多巴胺(DA)和抗坏血酸(AA)为模型化合物,运用循环伏安法(CV)和差示脉冲伏安法(DPV)考察了该复合修饰电极的电催化行为.在pH 7.0的PBS中,DA和AA分别在0.172 V和-0.183 V产生氧化峰,峰位差达355 mV.与单一修饰电极(桑色素修饰电极(M/GCE)、石墨烯修饰电极(GN/GCE)及裸玻碳电极(GCE))相比,DA在M/GN/GCE上的峰电流显著增大.在优化的实验条件下,DA在2.0×l0-8～5.5×10-4 mol/L浓度范围内与其峰电流具有良好的线性关系,检出限达9.0×10-9 mol/L.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.