手性高效液相色谱拆分3-取代异吲哚-1-酮的研究

从伏牛花类植物中提取的生物碱Lennoxam ine^[1]、Nuevam ine和Chilenine,新研发的抗焦虑药Paz-inaclone^[2]和Pagoclone^[3]以及利尿、抗高血压药Chlortalidone^[4]等均含有光活性3-取代异吲哚-1-酮(2,3-二氢-1H -异吲哚-1-酮).这类化合物还是一类新型的不对称合成手性辅助基^[5].因此,光学纯的3-取代异吲哚-1-酮化合物在药物研发和不对称合成等领域具有应用前景.但有关它们的色谱拆分少见报道^[6,7].本文对15个外消旋3-取代异吲哚-1-酮样品进行高效液相色谱拆分研究,通过建立的手性色谱方法,不仅准确测定了相关产物的光学纯度,而且确认了N -取代邻苯二甲酰亚胺上手性辅助基在不对称合成过程^[8]中未发生消旋化.同时探讨了样品中3-位取代基对手性拆分的影响.     

1,2-双(2,4,6-三溴-3-甲基苯氧基)乙烷的合成

卤代二苯氧基烷烃是一类广泛应用的阻燃剂,其通式如下: 迄今已见诸文献的除m不同的品种外,已有20种以上^[1],其中应用最广泛并已工业化生产的是1,2-双(2,4,6-三溴苯氧基)乙烷^[2].     

新型螺[氧化吲哚-3,3′-吡唑]-5′-二氟甲基-4′-甲酸酯类化合物的合成

以原位生成的二氟甲基重氮甲烷（CF₂HCHN₂）与靛红衍生的3-烯基氧化吲哚为原料,通过[3+2]环加成反应和1,3-H迁移过程,合成了3种结构新型的螺[氧化吲哚 3,3′-吡唑]-5′-二氟甲基-4′-甲酸酯类化合物,收率41~68%, dr 91: 9~99 : 1,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ¹⁹F NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。并通过单晶X-射线单晶衍射确定其相对构型。     

吸收液采样-高效液相色谱法测定室内空气中甲醛的含量

<正>甲醛是一种无色有刺激性气味的气体，被世界卫生组织(WHO)定为致畸和致癌的物质之一^[1]。我国规定室内空气甲醛的限值为0.10 mg·m-3^[2]。目前监测环境中甲醛的国家标准测定方法很多^[3],常用的有4-氨基-3-联氨-5-巯基-1,2,4-三氮杂茂(Ⅰ)(AHMT)分光光度法^[4]、3-甲基-2-苯并噻唑啉酮腙盐酸盐水合物(MBTH)酚试剂分光光度法^[5]、乙酰丙酮分光光度法^[6]、气相色谱法(GC)^[7]、     

昆虫性信息素顺-9-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯的合成

顺-9-十四碳烯-1-醇乙酸酯(1)是鳞翅目许多昆虫的性信息素或其组分之一^[1]。已报道的化合物1的合成方法是采取C₁₀+C₄或C₉+C₅偶联原则^[2]。本文报道另一条合成路线(图1),采取C₈+C₆原则,以1,8-辛二醇(2)为原料,经过ω-氯代辛醇(3)得2-(8'-氯辛烷-1-氧基)四氢吡喃(4)^[2d],卤代物4与己炔-1(5)^[3]的锂盐缩合得炔化物6,然后以Lindlar催化剂^[4]进行部分氢化,粗产品7无需分离可直接去保护基并乙酞化得产物1,五步的总得率约40%.     

2-甲基-1,4-萘醌的绿色合成方法

以2-甲基萘(2-MN)为原料、H₂O₂为氧化剂,经不同酸(硫酸、氢溴酸、三氟乙酸等)催化合成2-甲基-1,4-萘醌(2-MNQ),其结构经¹H NMR和¹³C NMR确证,其纯度经HPLC检测。对反应条件进行了优化。最佳反应条件为：20 eq. CH₃COOH为溶剂,6 eq. H₂O₂为氧化剂,在10%mol H₂SO₄催化下,于75 ℃反应,2-MNQ纯度95%,收率67%。     

4-甲酰基4-苯乙烯基吡啶分子聚集行为的光谱研究

苯乙烯基吡啶化合物,由于它可能在医学方面^[1]和光电子功能材料^[2]方面有实际应用前景,已引起人们的兴趣。苯乙烯吡啶化合物的光化学性质类似于二苯乙烯化合物,在光照下可以发生顺-反异构反应^[3]、加成反应和二聚反应^[4]等不同的光化学反应。     

一系列Ru(II)配合物电致化学发光性质的比较研究

比较研究了以C₂O₄^2－为共反应物时5个结构相关的Ru(II)配合物[Ru(bpy)₂L¹]^2＋, [Ru(bpy)₂L²]^2＋, [Ru(bpy)₂L³]^2＋, [Ru(phen)₂L¹]^2＋和[Ru(phen)₂L²]^2＋(其中bpy＝2,2′-联吡啶, phen＝1,10-邻菲啰啉, L¹＝4-羧基苯基咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲啰啉, L²＝3-羧基-4-羟基苯基咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲啰啉, L³＝3,4-二羟基苯基咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]邻菲啰啉)的电致化学发光(ECL)性质. 结果表明, 酚羟基的存在能有效地淬灭Ru(II)配合物[Ru(bpy)₂L²]^2＋, [Ru(bpy)₂L³]^2＋和[Ru(phen)₂L²]^2＋的ECL, 其它Ru(II)配合物的ECL量子效率与[Ru(bpy)₃]^2＋相差不大.     

1, 7-二酮的成环反应 Ⅲ. 1, 7-二苯庚二酮-1, 7的酮-环醇互变异构

1,6-二酮在碱性试剂存在下能生成环戊烯衍生物,如1,6-二苯己二酮-1,6(1a)在氢氧化钾的乙醇溶液中,生成1-苯-2-苯甲酰环戊烯(2a)和2-苯-3-苯甲酰环戊烯(3a)^[1].1,7-二苯庚二酮-1,7(1b)也生成相应的环己烯的衍生物(2b,3b).^[2]     

杂环光化学Ⅴ.烯类与1,3-二甲基-6-氮杂胸腺嘧啶的光环合加成反应

1974年Sweeton等人首先报道了这一反应^[1]。1981年樊美公等报道了1,3-二甲基-6-氮杂胸腺嘧啶(A)与庚烯-1的反应^[2],1986年又相继报道了含有极性基团的烯类与A的反应。本文通过这类反应合成了新化合物:1,2,4-三氮杂-2,4,6,7-四甲基-3,5-二氧-8-正丁基双环[4,2,0]辛烷(Ⅰ)和1,2,4-三氮杂-2,4,6-三甲基-3,5-二氧叁环[6,4,0,0^7,12]十二烷甲基衍生物(Ⅱ)。     

Reaction of 6‐Methyl‐2‐Thiouracil and 6‐Phenyl‐2‐Thiouracil with Chloro‐β‐Dicarbonyl and Bromo‐β‐Dicarbonyl Compounds and Their Nitrile Analogs

Derivatives of 2‐methylidene‐1,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐4‐ones 2a , 2b , 2c , 2d , 2e , 2f , 2g were synthesized by interaction of 6‐methyl‐2‐thiouracil and 6‐phenyl‐2‐thiouracil 1a , 1b with some activated halogenides: diethyl bromomalonate, ethyl 2‐chloro‐3‐oxobutanoate, ethyl 2‐bromocyanoacetate, 2‐bromo‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohexan‐1,3‐dione, and bromomalononitrile. The boiling of 1a with ethyl 2‐bromocyanoacetate in mixture of ethanol and EtONa results in intramolecular cyclization and formation of thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐one 3 . Interaction of 1a with 3‐chloropentane‐2,4‐dione and 2‐bromo‐1,3‐diphenylpropane‐1,3‐dione yielded corresponding S‐substituted thiopyrimidines 4a , 4b . In general, the products of 1b S‐alkylation are less prone to sulfur extrusion. Reaction of 1b with diethyl bromomalonate in the absence of EtONa stops at the S‐alkylation step, while in the presence of EtONa in ethanol or PPh₃ in dioxane 2‐(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)thio‐6‐phenyl‐1,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐one 6 is formed exclusively. Molecular structure and crystal structure of 2‐(1,1‐diethoxycarbonylmethyliden)‐6‐methyl‐1,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐one 2a are discussed.     

New synthesis and reactivity of 3‐bromoacetyl‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one with binucleophilic amines

3‐(Bromoacetyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one was synthesized by the reaction of dehydroacetic acid (DHAA) with bromine in glacial acetic acid. Novel heterocyclic products were synthesized from the reaction of bromo‐DHAA with alkanediamines, phenylhydrazines, ortho‐phenylenediamines, and ortho‐aminobenzenethiol. The obtained new products 3‐(2‐N‐substituted‐acetyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐ones, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐[1‐hydroxy‐2‐(2‐phenylhydrazinyl)vinyl]‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one, 1‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)‐7‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrano[4,3‐c]pyridazine‐4,5‐dione, 3‐(3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐yl)‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one/3‐(3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐yl)‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2,4(3H)‐dione, 6‐methyl‐3‐(3,4‐dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐yl)‐2H‐pyran‐2,4(3H)‐dione, and (E)‐3‐(2H‐benzo[b][1,4]thiazin‐3(4H)‐ylidene)‐6‐methyl‐2H‐pyran‐2,4(3H)‐dione were fully characterized by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, and mass spectra. J. Heterocyclic Chem., 2011.     

Synthesis, Structure and Anticancer Activity Studies of 1-[(5-Bromo-2-thienyl)sulfonyl]-5-fluoro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione

An anticancer active compound 1‐[(5‐bromo‐2‐thienyl)sulfonyl]‐5‐fluoro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrimidine‐2,4‐dione ( 1 ) was synthesized by the modified Schotten‐Baumann reaction of 5‐fluorouracil with 5‐bromo‐2‐thienyl‐sulfonyl chloride and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra. The single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the title molecule forms a two dimensional sheet structure by three kinds of hydrogen bond interactions. Its thermal stability was studied by TGA technique. Based on inhibition ratio against cancer cell growth, compound 1 has obvious anticarcinogenic activity against HL‐60 and BEL‐7402 cancer cells.     

3-取代酚酮5位偶联产物的溴氧化成环反应

报道了采用溴氧化3-异丙烯基(艹卓)酚酮和3-肉桂酰基(艹卓)酚酮合成杂环并(艹卓)酮化合物的新方法。3-异丙烯基(艹卓)酚酮5位偶联产物1a～1f和3-肉桂酰基(艹卓)酚酮5位偶联产物3a～3d分别在吡啶介质中与过量溴作用生成5-取代苯偶氮基-7-溴-3-甲基-8-氢环庚并呋喃-8-酮2a～2f和6-取代苯偶氮基-2-苯基-8-溴-4,9-二氢环庚并吡喃-4,9-二酮4a～4d。     

Design and Synthesis of Novel 6‐(5‐Methyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐5‐[(2‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)hydrazono)methyl]imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles as Antimicrobial Agents

Novel 6‐(1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)‐5‐[(2‐(thiazol‐2‐yl)hydrazono)methyl]imidazo[2,1‐b ]thiazoles 7 , 9a , 9b , 9c , 9d , and 11 were prepared by reaction of thiosemicarbazone 5a , 5b with either hydrazonoyl chloride 6 , phenacylbromides 8 or 2‐bromo‐1‐(5‐methyl‐1‐p‐tolyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)ethanone 10 respectively. The new products were tested for their antimicrobial activities using 96‐well micro‐plate assay, and compound 7 showed excellent antibacterial activities compared with Vancomycine (reference drugs), while compounds 5b and 9c exhibited good results against yeast. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined, and compound 7 showed the lowest MIC against Gram positive bacteria while compound 5b showed the lowest MIC against yeast.     

Synthesis of New Derivatives of 4‐(4,7,7‐Trimethyl‐7,8‐dihydro‐6H‐benzo[b]pyrimido[5,4‐e][1,4]thiazin‐2‐yl)morpholine

Cyclocondensation of 5‐amino‐6‐methyl‐2‐morpholinopyrimidine‐4‐thiol ( 1 ) and 2‐bromo‐5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione ( 2 ) under mild reaction condition afforded 4,7,7‐trimethyl‐2‐morpholino‐7,8‐dihydro‐5H‐benzo[b ]pyrimido[5,4‐e ][1,4]thiazin‐9(6H )‐one ( 3 ). The ¹H and ¹³C NMR data of compound ( 3 ) are demonstrated that this compound exists primarily in the enamino ketone form. Reaction of compound ( 3 ) with phosphorous oxychloride gave 4‐(9‐chloro‐4,7,7‐trimethyl‐7,8‐dihydro‐6H‐benzo[b ]pyrimido[5,4‐e ][1,4]thiazin‐2‐yl)morpholine ( 4 ). Nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atom of compound ( 4 ) with typical secondary amines in DMF and K₂CO₃ furnished the new substituted derivatives of 4‐(4,7,7‐trimethyl‐7,8‐dihydro‐6H‐benzo[b ]pyrimido[5,4‐e ][1,4]thiazin‐2‐yl)morpholine ( 5a , 5b , 5c , 5d , 5e , 5f , 5g , 5h ). All the synthesized products were characterized and confirmed by their spectroscopic and microanalytical data.     

Novel Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 3‐Substituted 5‐bromo‐7‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo‐[3,4‐b]‐benzothiazoles

4‐Methyl acetanilide ( 1 ) on treatment with bromine in acetic acid, followed by hydrolysis with dilute HCl/NaOH solution, yielded 2‐bromo‐4‐methyl aniline ( 2 ), which on treatment with sodium thiocyanate in acetic acid afforded 2‐amino‐4‐bromo‐6‐methyl benzothiazole ( 3 ). Compound 3 in ethylene glycol was heated at 150°C with 80% hydrazine hydrate to get 4‐bromo‐2‐hydrazino‐6‐methyl benzothiazole ( 4 ). This hydrazino compound 4 on heating with formic acid for 3 h yielded 4‐bromo‐2‐hydrazinoformyl‐6‐methyl benzothiazole ( 5 ). Same compound 4 when heated independently with formic acid for 6 h/urea for 3 h/carbon disulfide in alkali afforded 5‐bromo‐7‐methyl ( 6 )/5‐bromo‐3‐hydroxy‐7‐methyl ( 7 )/5‐bromo‐3‐mercapto‐7‐methyl ( 8 )‐1,2,4‐triazolo‐[3,4‐b]‐benzothiazoles, respectively. Compound 4 on heating with acetic acid/acetic anhydride gave acetyl benzothiazolyl derivative 9 , which on cyclization with orthophosphoric acid yielded 5‐bromo‐3,7‐dimethyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo‐[3,4‐b]‐benzothiazole ( 10 ). All these newly synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (Gram ?ve), Bacillus subtilis (Gram +ve), Erwinia carotovora, and Xanthomonas citri using ampicillin, streptomycin, and penicillin as a standard for comparison.     

Diels‐alder reactions of 2‐(2‐nitroethenyl)‐1H‐pyrroles and their oxygen and sulfur analogs with quinones

Diels‐Alder reaction of 2‐(E‐2‐nitroethenyl)‐1H‐pyrrole ( 2a ) with 1,4‐benzoquinone gave the desired benzo[e]indole‐6, 9(3H)‐dione ( 4a ) in 10% yield versus a 26% yield (lit. 86% [5]) of the known N‐methyl compound ( 4b ) from the N‐(or 1)‐methyl compound ( 2b ). Protection of the nitrogen of 2a with a phenylsul‐fonyl group ( 2c ) gave a 9% yield of the corresponding N‐(or 3)‐phenylsulfonyl compound ( 4c ). The reaction of 2b with 1,4‐naphthoquinone gave in 6% yield (lit. 64% [5]) the known 3‐methylnaphtho[2,3‐e]‐indole‐6, 9(3H)‐dione ( 6 ). The reaction of 2‐(E‐2‐nitroethenyl)furan ( 8a ) gave a small yield of the desired naphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐6, 9‐dione ( 9a ), recognized by comparing its NMR spectrum with that of 4b. The corresponding reaction of 2‐(E‐2‐nitroethenyl)thiophene ( 8b ) gave a 4% yield of naphtho[2,1‐ b ]thiophene‐6,9‐dione ( 9b ), previously prepared in 24% yield [12] in a three‐step procedure involving 2‐ethenylthiophene. Introducing an electron‐releasing 2‐methyl substituent into 8a and 8b gave 12a and 12b , which, upon reaction with 1,4‐benzoquinone, gave 2‐methylnaphtho[2,1‐b]furan‐6, 9‐dione ( 13a ) and its sulfur analog ( 13b ) in yields of 4 and 8%, respectively.     

Solvent‐Specific C―N Bond Formation: Synthesis of Novel Ninhydrin–Creatinine Heterocyclic Condensation Products

Novel ninhydrin–creatinine heterocyclic condensation products ( 3–5 ) were synthesized under different solvent conditions. The compound 2‐(2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐5‐yl)‐2‐hydroxy‐1H‐ind‐ene‐1,3(2H)‐dione ( 3 ) was formed by reacting ninhydrin ( 1 ) with creatinine ( 2 ) in the presence of sodium acetate in acetic acid. The same reactants afforded the zwitterionic compound 4 when the reaction was carried out in water, and a novel oxadiazine ring system (product 5 ) was generated when benzene was used as solvent.     

2‐Triazolylpyrimido[1,2,3‐cd]purine‐8,10‐diones via 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions to 2‐ethynylpyrimido[1,2,3‐cd]purine‐8,10‐dione

This paper presents the synthesis of a series of 5,6‐dihydro‐4H,8H‐pyrimido[1,2,3‐cd]purine‐8,10(9H)‐dione ring system derivatives with a [1,2,3]triazole ring bonded in position 2. The procedure is based on cycloaddition of substituted alkyl azides to the terminal triple bond of 5,6‐dihydro‐2‐ethynyl‐9‐methyl‐4H,8H‐pyrimido[1,2,3‐cd]purine‐8,10(9H)‐dione ( 4 ). This cycloaddition produced two regioisomers ?5,6‐dihydro‐9‐methyl‐2‐(1‐substituted‐1H‐[1,2,3]triazol‐5‐yl)‐4H,8H‐pyrimido[1,2,3‐cd]purine‐8,10(9H)‐dione ( 7 ) and 2‐(1‐substituted‐1H‐[1,2,3]triazol‐4‐yl) derivative 8 . The required 2‐ethynyl deriva tive 4 was obtained from the starting 2‐unsubstituted compound 1 by bromination to yield the 2‐bromo derivative 2 , which was converted by Sonogashira reaction to trimethylsilylethyne 3 and finally, the protective trimethylsilyl group was removed by hydrolysis.