基于双轴超声列阵驻波原理的固体颗粒悬浮操控实验

针对传统超声阵列悬浮技术悬浮稳定性较弱等问题,基于双轴超声列阵驻波原理,设计了平面-凹球面组合超声阵列悬浮装置.利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件进行仿真实验,利用FPGA、超声波换能器等搭建装置,实现对固体颗粒的束缚及定位移动的互动式操控,根据装置在运动过程中悬浮小球的抖动情况分析装置的稳定性.实验表明:...     

双凹球面相控聚焦超声波场的产生与可视化

超声相控阵技术在声悬浮中有十分重要的价值,相较于传统的一维单轴声悬浮装置,本文在凹球面双发射极超声阵列的基础上引入相控聚焦原理,产生了声悬浮能力较强的声场,重点研究了声场的仿真模拟与可视化验证.首先,介绍了自发设计的凹球面双发射极超声阵列结构,阐述了相控聚焦原理、超声驻波悬浮机理、声压与声辐射力等声学理论.然后,根据理论分析结果,借助COMSOL Multiphysics多物理场仿真软件,仿真模拟相控聚焦超声波场.产生该声场的各超声波换能器相位可单独控制,通过相位的实时变化,可使声场进行动态聚焦,实现微粒的悬浮与任意轨迹移动.最后,使用单反射纹影系统实现了该声场的实时可视化,与仿真结果进行比较,证实了凹球面双发射极超声波装置相控聚原理的准确性.     

平面相控阵下微小固体的超声波悬浮与移动

采用平面相控阵作为超声波的声源形式,使上下相对的2组换能器阵列发出具有平面波形式的波前,提出三维移动的“分区运行”新方案,并利用Matlab软件解析出在特定形式参量下声势场的性质．设计了可以对空气中的固体微粒实现悬浮及三维移动的声学装置,在此基础上进行实验研究,实验结果与理论计算的匹配度较好,且装置具有低能耗、高悬浮性能的特点．     

超声波声速测量实验的拓展

对传统的声速测量实验内容进行了拓展,利用发射换能器和接收换能器构成的超声谐振腔形成的稳定驻波,演示了声辐射力与物体自身重力平衡时的声悬浮现象;在此基础上,利用泡沫小球的动态声悬浮过程对超声驻波的波长进行了测量,计算得到的声速结果与参考值的百分误差为2.1％.上述实验内容的拓展,让学生对超声波驻波场的产生、分布、力学效应...     

基于振荡气泡法测定声悬浮液滴的表面张力

通过调节阵列式声悬浮装置的悬浮声压,使悬浮液滴转变为气泡.利用振荡气泡法的原理,结合声悬浮气泡在声场中处于缓慢变形的非平衡状态特点,对原始气泡表面膨胀系数的公式进行了修正.实验过程中采用高速摄像机记录气泡形成及振荡过程的图像,并对图像进行处理,测定悬浮气泡的表面膨胀模量,得到液体的动态表面张力.以锅炉用油为样品,利用声...     

用静电换能器实施超声脉冲回波重合法精密测量固体的声速

本文讨论采用静电换能器实施脉冲回波重合法以精密测量固体介质的声速.由于静电换能器的非接触特性,避免了耦合层修正且容易实现正确的周期重合,从而大大提高了测量系统的性能.本文推导并计算了使用静电换能器时的回波测量系统的衍射修正量,设计并制作了ESO型固体声速仪及其探头装置.对几块玻璃和铝试样的测量结果表明,本测量系统测量声时的精度达到射频周期的1/500,即当超声频率10MHz时,声时测量精度达到0.2ns.     

用于超声悬浮场可视化的光学全息相位倍增方法研究

基于二次曝光全息干涉测量原理,采用四倍相位倍增光路对声悬浮声压场分布进行了可视化研究.拍摄了给定模式的超声悬浮场在不同超声换能器激励电流时的光学全息图并进行光学再现,由再现光波的全息干涉条纹图样得到了反映声压场分布的光波波前相位变化,并进行了对比分析.结果表明,与无相位倍增光路相比,采用四倍相位倍增光路可使同一声压场的全息干涉条纹数目大大增加,测量灵敏度明显提高,为进一步研究声悬浮场声压分布提供了一种有效方法.     

基于一维声栅共振场的大规模微粒并行排列的实验研究

声操控微粒技术可以非接触无损伤地控制声场中的物体运动,其在精密制造、材料工程、体外诊断等领域具有广阔的应用前景.传统声操控微粒技术一般采用自由声场,如利用单个换能器或阵列换能器产生的聚焦声场、行波场或驻波场等.然而,一般单个换能器产生的声场仅能操控单个微粒;而阵列换能器的驱动系统复杂,导致操控器件成本高昂且难以微型化;因此,亟需研究新的声场形态实现多样性微粒操控.本工作中,采用单个换能器产生的平面波激发一维声栅的共振声场,实验实现了大规模泡沫微球的周期排列操控.其操控机制是由于声栅狭缝中法布里-珀罗谐振声场与声栅表面周期衍射场共振耦合,在声栅表面形成周期分布的局域梯度声场,导致微粒在平行于声栅表面受到声捕获力,在垂直于声栅表面受到指向表面的声吸引力,实现了微粒周期排列在声栅表面上.该工作为利用超声在空气中大规模排列微粒提供了理论基础和技术支持.     

一种“闪烁型”IDT阵列声束偏转器

本文提出了一种类比于光学中“闪烁光栅”的声表面波叉指换能器的陈列结构。讨论了由该阵列激励的一级声束(主偏转声束)的相对强度与阵列诸参数的关系。讨论了该声束的相对强度随声频而变化的规律(频率响应)。理论分析与实验结果表明:对本文所述的具体阵列结构说来,主偏转声束的相对强度,在声频变化一个倍频程范围内,达65％以上,而其起伏小于3dB。本文所得到的一些基本规律,适用于阶梯形叉指换能器阵列所构成的声束偏转结构。     

声悬浮过程的激光全息干涉研究

利用二次曝光全息干涉术实现了对单轴式声悬浮声压场的研究.分别拍摄了悬浮不同物体和 不同输出功率情况下声悬浮场的多幅全息图，并进行了对比分析.结果表明，实验中获得的 声压分布图样与由声波动方程获得的理论声压分布基本一致，其相应中轴线的强度分布也具 有很好的一致性.与以往的声场测量方法相比，二次曝光法非接触、无干扰及全场测量的优 势在声悬浮场测量中得以充分体现，该方法的引入不但简化了声悬浮场测量的实际操作，而 且可以更直观地获得全场信息，为优化声悬浮系统提供了实验依据. 关键词： 全息干涉术 二次曝光法 声悬浮 谐振     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.