如何增强涡流管课堂演示实验的效果

让NdFeB小磁体在铝管中下落,通过改变铝管及NdFeB小磁体的尺寸,测量出NdFeB小磁体的下落时间.通过数据分析,得出了一些有用的结论,可供制作此类仪器者参考.     

折叠链条下落过程的动力学分析

本文从理论分析和实验模拟两方面对三种不同情况下的折叠链条下落运动进行研究。假设下落链条的机械能不变,建立动力学模型分析链条下落的问题。得出自由端的运动方程后,利用Mathematica模拟出三种初始条件下折叠链条自由端下落距离随时间变化的曲线图。将理论与实验对比分析,两者曲线基本吻合。理论和实验都表明,折叠链自由端的下落并不是自由落体运动。     

磁体在导体管内下落现象的研究与应用

变化的磁场在导体内会引起涡电流。本文分析了磁体在导体管内下落这一现象,推导出磁体匀速下落的表达式,并介绍利用这一现象测量物体的一些物理量。     

YBCO堆叠高温超导磁体的磁悬浮振动传递特性实验研究

在YBCO堆叠磁体与永磁轨道构成的高温超导磁悬浮系统中,永磁轨道的振动通过电磁作用传递给YBCO堆叠磁体.本文通过实验研究了振动在YBCO堆叠磁体磁悬浮系统中的传递效率与基振加速度幅值和基振频率的关系.研究表明:在YBCO堆叠磁体磁悬浮系统中,YBCO堆叠磁体自由振动频率在9 Hz左右;一定低频条件下,振动的传递效率与基振加速度幅值呈正相关趋势,与基振频率呈负相关趋势.     

初始角度对平板自由下落运动的影响

平板的自由下落是一个经典的流体力学-动力学耦合问题,且具有明显的非线性特性.针对二维平板自由下落的非线性特性,文章通过耦合求解N-S方程和运动方程,以期认识其非线性特征.从不同初始角度对平板自由下落状态和轨迹的影响出发,分析了运动状态的相轨线和频谱特性,以及其中的非线性系统特征.研究发现,在平板自由下落初期,不同初始角度下平板呈现不同的运动状态和轨迹,常为非周期性摆动或小幅翻滚运动.在自由下落后期,平板自由下落最终呈现周期性摆动或翻滚运动,运动模态归为一致,初始角度对该模态没有影响.      

磁体在导体管内下落时的阻力

变化的磁场在导体内会引起涡电流。本文通过分析磁体在导体管内下落现象,推导出磁体匀速下落的条件,并介绍利用这一结论测量某些物理量的可能性。     

强耦合腔量子电动力学中单原子转移的实验及模拟

对于强耦合腔量子电动力学系统中以自由下落方式转移原子与腔模强耦合作用过程进行了实验研究,并在理论上利用蒙特卡罗方法对整个实验过程进行了模拟.根据模拟的高精度光学微腔实时记录的原子穿腔信号,获得了原子与腔模相互作用以及冷原子的参数等基本信息,包括不同初始条件下原子与腔模相互作用时腔的透射谱、单个原子在腔内的驻留时间、原子到达腔模时刻的概率分布以及原子到达腔模的动能分布等,并作为对比给出了相应的实验结果.基于模拟结果,实验上建立了腔内光学偶极阱来俘获单个原子,测量的单原子的腔内俘获寿命达到5 ms,比自由穿越时延长了约30倍.该研究对于原子-腔受限空间内,以自由下落方式转移原子以及原子与腔的耦合过程给出详细的分析,有助于对类似实验结果的分析和系统参数的优化.     

35kJ直接冷却高温超导储能磁体

介绍了直接冷却高温超导储能磁体的基本结构,分析了磁体的电磁特性,分析结果表明,磁体电磁设计中采用端部两对饼并联的方式,削弱了磁体端部磁场径向分量,提高临界电流,磁体表现了较好的电磁特性;仿真了磁体与电力系统进行功率交换时的热特性,仿真结果与实验结果两者温度变化总体趋势是一致的;介绍了磁体的冷却实验和磁体系统的动态模拟实验结果.实验结果表明磁体的冷却措施和低温系统的冷却方案是可行的,磁体具有较好的热稳定性.     

固氮冷却的高温超导磁体

本文介绍了高温超导磁体的固氮冷却方法.对20K下磁场为2.90T的小型Bi2223/Ag高温超导磁体进行固氮冷却实验,获得了系统冷却过程和磁体性能的实验曲线.实验结果表明:采用固氮作为冷源,是高Tc磁体一种成功的实验技术.     

对自由落体的诺维科夫时间与牛顿绝对时间关系讨论

文章首先将史瓦西黑洞场中自由下落质点的固有时(诺维科夫坐标时)公式,由自然单位制化成了国际单位制中的形式.然后,根据牛顿第二定律和万有引力定律,推导出了自由下落质点经历的绝对时间公式,进而证明了广义相对论中自由落体经历的固有时,恰好等于牛顿力学给出的绝对时间.最后,对自由下落质点在黑洞内外经历的时间进行了特例计算.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.     

Fiber Modal Index Measurements Based on Fiber Gratings

A novel method based on fiber gratings for measuring the effective indices of fiber modes is proposed. The effective index difference between the core mode and a cladding mode was obtained by analyzing the interference fringe of a pair of cascaded long-period fiber gratings. In order to extract the core mode index from the measured index difference, an index matching oil immersion method is proposed. By analyzing the interaction between the cladding mode and the oil applied on the cladding surface, the mode order and the effective index of the involved cladding mode might be calculated. Experimental results about the interference fringe shifts induced by the oil index and the oil-applied length are also presented.     

Optical Pulse Compression Schemes That Use Nonlinear Bragg Gratings

Nonlinear optical pulse compression of picosecond pulses typically requires long lengths of optical fiber and multiple components. Periodic structures, such as fiber Bragg gratings, are highly dispersive at wavelengths outside of the photonic bandgap. This implies that such gratings can be used as very short all-fiber compressors. In this paper a number of such compression schemes are reviewed involving uniform and nonuniform fiber Bragg gratings, relying on both soliton and nonsoliton compression principles. Experimental results supporting the corresponding underlying theory are also presented. Finally, an extension of one of the compression schemes is shown, which allows the generation of adjustable high-repetition rate soliton trains.