Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+)共掺杂氟锗酸盐玻璃中红外光谱性质研究

研究了Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂的氟锗酸盐玻璃在980nm激光二极管抽运下的中红外2.0μm、2.85μm和可见上转换发光特性以及两种稀土离子之间的能量转移机理。在氟锗酸盐玻璃中掺杂1%(物质的量分数)Ho_2O_3和9%Yb_2O_3的样品中,获得了增强的中红外2.0μm和2.85μm发光。测得Ho~(3+)的2.0μm荧光寿命为6.19ms,理论计算得到Ho~(3+)在2023nm处最大发射截面面积为6.6×10-21 cm~2。研究结果表明,Ho~(3+)/Yb~(3+)掺杂的氟锗酸盐玻璃是一种合适的中红外2.0μm和2.85μm激光材料。     

碲掺杂钙-铝-锗酸盐玻璃宽带近红外发光及其调控机理

可调宽带近红外发光材料作为红外光源和可调谐光纤激光器核心组件,在高容量光纤通信、成像和遥感等现代技术中发挥着至关重要的作用.本文研究了碲掺杂钙-铝-锗酸盐玻璃的宽带近红外发光性能调控方案及其机理.通过引入碳构建还原气氛,还原TeO2原料为碲原子;再优化CaO、Al2 O3含量,调整碲掺杂钙-铝-锗酸盐玻璃中碲拓扑笼的结...     

Tb3+掺杂透明锗酸盐微晶玻璃:制备与面向X射线探测的增强发光

通过熔融淬火和后续热处理,成功制备了Tb3+掺杂含LaF3纳米晶透明锗酸盐微晶玻璃.详细研究了所制备的玻璃和微晶玻璃的发光性质.X射线衍射结果表明,玻璃基体中析出的晶相为纯LaF3晶体,晶粒尺寸在16～21 nm之间.在377 nm紫外光和X射线激发下,Tb3+掺杂含LaF3纳米晶的微晶玻璃比Tb3+掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃表...     

钬镱掺杂波导适用型锗酸盐玻璃上转换荧光光子定量

制备了适用于钾钠离子交换波导的钬镱离子掺杂锗酸盐玻璃,采用荧光光谱绝对测试系统在975nm激光泵浦下对玻璃的上转换发光性能进行表征,解析出样品的绝对光谱功率分布,并计算了光量子数分布和荧光量子产率等绝对荧光参量.测试与计算结果表明,当Ho3+/Yb3+掺杂的锗酸盐玻璃在370℃的KNO3熔盐中热离子交换4h时,K+-Na+离子交换有效扩散系数为0.068μm2/min.锗酸盐玻璃样品中,Ho3+主要发出548nm绿光和660nm红光,其中红色上转换荧光为支配性发射.当激光激发功率密度为1 227 W/cm2时,660nm红光绝对光谱功率和净发射光量子数分别为28.03μW和9.26×1013 cps.此时,548nm绿光和660nm红光发射的荧光量子产率分别为0.17×10-5和2.41×10-5,可见区总荧光量子产率达2.61×10-5.净发射光子数与激发功率密度的双对数曲线斜率表明Ho3+/Yb3+掺杂锗酸盐玻璃的红色和绿色上转换发射均属双光子激发过程.基于波导适用型锗酸盐玻璃实施的钬离子上转换荧光发射的绝对化表征,为稀土光电功能材料的进一步研发提供了可依赖的数据参考.     

977nm抽运下掺铒碲酸盐基氧卤玻璃的光谱特性

研究了掺铒TeO2-ZnO-PbCl2碲酸盐基氧卤玻璃在977nm激光二极管抽运下的发光和上转换发光特性，结果发现除红外153μm4I13/2→４I15/2发光外（荧光半高宽高达69nm），该玻璃还存在很强的２Ｈ11/2→４I15/2（527nm），４Ｓ3/2→４I15/2（549nm）和４Ｆ９／２→４Ｉ１５／２（666nm）可见上转换发光.应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算得到玻璃强度参数Ωt（t=2，4，6）分别为Ω2=587×10-20cm2，Ω4=208×10-20cm2，Ω6=116×10-20cm2，计算了铒离子跃迁振子强度、自发辐射概率、荧光分支比、荧光寿命等光谱参量.应用McCumber理论计算得153μm处的玻璃受激发射截面可达875×10-21cm2实验结果表明，与硅酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、氟化物玻璃等比较，掺铒碲酸盐基氧卤玻璃在宽带掺铒光纤放大器和上转换激光器中有着极大的研究和应用潜力. 关键词： 掺Er3+ 碲酸盐玻璃 氧卤玻璃 Judd-Ofelt理论 光谱性质     

银纳米颗粒对Tm3+/Yb3+共掺铋锗酸盐玻璃上转换发光性能的影响

利用传统熔融淬冷法制备了系列Tm3+/Yb3+共掺复合银纳米颗粒铋锗酸盐玻璃样品.测试得到表征银纳米颗粒存在的表面等离子体共振(SPR)峰位于556～581 nm,透射电镜图像中观察到均匀分布的Ag纳米颗粒,尺寸约为5～25 nm.通过测试玻璃样品在400～900 nm波段的上转换光谱,对铥镱共掺复合银纳米颗粒铋锗酸盐...     

铋化物发光玻璃中银表面等离激元对铒离子的发光增强作用

局域表面等离激元可以由自由空间的光直接激发,这也是局域表面等离激元的优点所在。研究铋化物发光玻璃中纳米银颗粒的表面等离激元对铒离子发光的增强效应、进一步的提高铋化物发光玻璃中铒离子的发光性能很有意义。首先,测量了(A)Er 3+(0.5%)Ag(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃与(B)Er 3+(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃样品的吸收谱,发现(A)Er 3+(0.5%)Ag(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃在约600.0 nm处有一个较弱的宽的银表面等离激元共振吸收峰。同时发现两者都有典型的铒离子的吸收峰,它们的吸收几乎完全一样:在波峰形状、峰值强度和峰值波长等方面都很相近。测量了(A)Er 3+(0.5%)Ag(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃和(B)Er 3+(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃样品的激发谱,发现有位于379.0,406.0,451.0,488.0和520.5 nm的5个550.0 nm可见光的可见激发谱峰,和位于379.0,406.5,451.0,488.5,520.5,544.0,651.5和798.0 nm的8个1531.0 nm红外光的红外激发谱峰,容易指认出依次为Er 3+的4I 15/2→4G 11/2,4I 15/2→2H 9/2,4I 15/2→(4F 3/2,4F 5/2),4I 15/2→4F 7/2,4I 15/2→2H 11/2,4I 15/2→4S 3/2,4I 15/2→4F 9/2和4I 15/2→4I 9/2跃迁的吸收峰,通过测量发现(A)Er 3+(0.5%)Ag(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃相对于(B)Er 3+(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃样品的可见和红外激发谱的最大增强依次分别是238%和133%。最后,测量了它们的发光谱,发现有位于534.0,547.5和658.5 nm的三组可见发光峰,容易指认出依次为Er 3+的2H 11/2→4I 15/2,4S 3/2→4I 15/2,4F 9/2→4I 15/2荧光跃迁。还发现红外发光峰位于978.0和1531.0 nm,依次为Er 3+的4I 11/2→4I 15/2和4I 13/2→4I 15/2的荧光跃迁。通过测量发现(A)Er 3+(0.5%)Ag(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃相对于(B)Er 3+(0.5%):铋化物发光玻璃样品的可见和红外发光谱的最大增强依次分别是215%和138%。对于银表面等离激元增强铒离子发光的机理,认为主要为纳米银颗粒的局域表面等离激元共振,造成金属纳米结构附近产生的局域电场的强度要远大于入射光的电场强度,从而导致了金属纳米结构对入射光产生强烈的吸收和散射,进而导致了荧光的增强;即局域表面等离子体共振局域场的场增强效应。     

Ag纳米颗粒增强的Ho~(3+)/Tm~(3+)共掺铋锗酸盐玻璃的2μm发光研究

采用基于传统熔融淬冷技术的热化学还原法制备了系列Ag纳米颗粒复合Ho3+/Tm3+共掺铋锗酸盐玻璃样品,研究了Ag纳米颗粒含量对玻璃2μm发光特性的影响.结果表明,Ag纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振带位于500—900 nm,峰值位于650 nm,透射电子显微镜图像中观察到均匀分布的Ag纳米颗粒,尺寸约为5—10 nm.通过测试玻璃样品在1.7—2.3μm波段的荧光光谱发现,Ag掺杂后Ho3+离子2μm处的荧光强度得到了极大的提高,其中AgCl掺杂质量分数为0.3%时的荧光强度比未掺杂时的荧光强度增强10倍,这归因于Ag纳米颗粒的局域场增强作用.计算得到Ho3+离子的吸收截面为0.491×10-20cm-2,发射截面为1.03×10-20cm-2,当增益系数为0.2时即可实现正的增益.     

荧光俘获效应对掺铒氧化物玻璃光谱性质的影响

测试了不同掺杂浓度和样品厚度下掺铒磷酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿命,计算了Er3+离子在1.53 μm处的吸收截面(σa)、发射截面(σe)、自发辐射跃迁概率(Arad)、辐射跃迁寿命(τrad)、以及辐射跃迁量子效率(η)等光谱参数.讨论了荧光俘获效应对掺铒磷酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质及光谱参数的影响.结果表明即使在铒离子低掺杂浓度(0.1 mol% Er2O3)下,荧光俘获效应也普遍存在于掺铒玻璃材料中,使得荧光寿命(τf)和荧光半高宽(FWHM)随样品的厚度和铒离子掺杂浓度增加而增大,导致碲酸盐和磷酸盐玻璃中τf分别增加11%-37%和6%-17%,FWHM分别增加15%-64%和11%-55%,使得掺铒玻璃材料的放大品性参数(σe×FWHM) 也相应被估高.由于铒离子在碲酸盐玻璃中在1.53 μm处吸收和发射截面重叠面积较大,加之铒离子在前者基质中的发射截面高于后者,使得掺铒碲酸盐玻璃中的荧光俘获效应高于磷酸盐玻璃.     

荧光俘获效应对掺饵氧化物玻璃光谱性质的影响

测试了不同掺杂浓度和样品厚度下掺铒磷酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃的吸收光谱、荧光光谱和荧光寿 命，计算了Er³⁺离子在1.53 μm处的吸收截面(σ_a)、发射截面(σ _e)、自发辐射跃迁概率(A_rad)、辐射跃迁寿命(τ_rad) 、以及辐射跃迁量子效率(η)等光谱参数.讨论了荧光俘获效应对掺铒磷酸盐和碲酸盐玻璃 光谱性质及光谱参数的影响.结果表明即使在铒离子低掺杂浓度(0.1 mol% Er₂O ₃)下，荧光俘获效应也普遍存在于掺铒玻璃材料中，使得荧光寿命(τ_{f)和荧光半高宽(FWHM)随样品的厚度和铒离子掺杂浓度增加而增大，导致碲酸盐和磷酸 盐玻璃中τf分别增加11%—37％和6%—17%，FWHM分别增加15%—64%和11%—55% ，使得掺铒玻璃材料的放大品性参数(σe×FWHM) 也相应被估高.由于铒离子在 碲酸盐玻璃中在1.53 μm处吸收和发射截面重叠面积较大，加之铒离子在前者基质中的发射 截面高于后者，使得掺铒碲酸盐玻璃中的荧光俘获效应高于磷酸盐玻璃. 关键词： 荧光俘获 铒离子 碲酸盐玻璃 磷酸盐玻璃}     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.