脂肪醇和电解质对丙酸十二铵盐在四氯化碳中增溶水的影响

研究了己醇，辛醇、Ｋｕｉ醇和月桂醇对丙酸十二铵（ＤＡＰ）－四氯化碳反胶束溶液增溶水和氯化钠水溶液的影响，在ＤＡＰ浓度固定时，水增溶量对醇浓度的关系出现极大值，在醇浓度相同时，长碳链醇较短碳链醇有更大的增溶水能力，在固定ＤＡＰ浓度和增溶水量最大时，氯化钠的存在将导致水溶液增溶量的显著下降，乙酸十二铵（ＤＡＡ）、ＤＡＰ和丁酸十二铵（ＤＡＢ ）的四氯化碳溶液对氯化钠水溶液的增溶量随氯化钠浓度的升高而有不     

脂肪酸十二烷基铵在四氯化碳中的聚集行为

通过碘光谱法和对水的增溶研究了乙酸十二烷基铵(DAA)、丙酸十二烷基铵(DAP)和丁酸十二烷基铵(DAB)在四氯化碳中的聚集作用; 碘光谱测得的(cmc)~I约比水增溶法测得的(cmc)~W低一个数量级。可能因为碘光谱法测得的是开始发生聚集时的cmc, 这时聚集体较小, 对水无增溶能力; 只有当聚集体随浓度升高而长大到一定程度时, 才能开始增溶水。实验表明, DAA, DAP和DAB的反胶束对水的饱和增溶能力, 分别相当于每一个表面活性分子增溶4.2, 9.4和13.5个水分子。根据球型反胶束模型, 计算了反胶束聚集数、捕集水团的半径和自由水团的半径。     

核糖核酸酶A在丁酸十二铵—环己烷反胶束溶液中的催化动力学

研究了核糖核酸酶Ａ（ＲＮａｓｅＡ）在丁酸十二铵（ＤＡＢ）－环己烷反胶束溶液中催化水解胞苷２＇，３＇环单磷酸酯的动力学，数据符合Ｍｉｃｈａｅｌｉｓ－Ｍｅｎｔｅｎ酶催化机理。以ｋｃａｔ／Ｋｍ表示酶催化活性时，ＲＮａｓｅＡ在反胶束溶液中的催化活性是在水溶液中的１４￣３０倍。无论是固定ＤＡＢ浓度还是固定Ｈ２Ｏ与ＤＡＢ浓度之比，随增溶水量的增加，ｋｃａｔ／Ｋｍ呈下降趋势。     

核糖核酸酶A在丁酸十二铵-环己烷反胶束溶液中的催化动力学

研究了核糖核酸酶A(RNaseA)在丁酸十二铵(DAB)-环己烷反胶束溶液中催化水解胞苷2',3'-环单磷酸酯的动力学,数据符合Michaelis-Menten酶催化机理.以k_cat/K_m表示酶催化活性时,Rnase A在反胶束溶液中的催化活性是在水溶液中的14～30倍.无论是固定DAB浓度还是固定H₂O与DAB浓度之比,随增溶水量的增加,k_cat/K_m呈下降趋势.     

十二水硫酸铁铵催化合成丙酸酯

研究了十二水合硫酸铁铵催化下丙酸与不同醇的酯化作用。结果表明 ,硫酸铁铵的催化活性良好。该法具有操作方便、反应温和、无腐蚀和无废酸排放等优点     

锌-丙酸铵还原体系用于氢化偶氮苯的合成

选用锌粉和镁粉与不同饱和铵盐（草酸铵、丙酸铵和苯甲酸铵）水溶液组成还原体系,由偶氮苯制备氢化偶氮苯,根据反应时间及结果选取锌一饱和丙酸铵水溶液为最佳还原体系。在反应温度25℃时,研究了锌一饱和丙酸铵水溶液还原体系还原偶氮苯反应,考察了偶氮苯与锌粉物质的量比、饱和丙酸铵水溶液的用量对氢化偶氮苯收率的影响。实验结果表明：偶...     

PS-b-PAA两亲性嵌段聚电解质在水溶液中的聚集行为及其流变特性

以两嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-b-聚丙烯酸(PS-b-PAA)为研究对象,采用动态光散射(DLS)及透射电镜(TEM)表征了胶束及聚集体的结构,采用应力控制型旋转流变仪AR-G2研究了体系的流变特性.着重考察了聚电解质浓度、pH值以及外加盐(KBr)浓度对其在水中聚集行为的影响及对体系流变特性的影响.发现随着外加盐和聚电解质浓度的增高,体系中的胶束发生聚集,形成更大的聚集体.而pH值对胶束的聚集形态无明显的影响.胶束乳液均呈现明显的剪切变稀特征.然而,随着聚电解质浓度增加,低剪切速率下体系的表观粘度增高;高剪切速率时体系粘度趋于同一值(0.01Pa·s).与纯胶束乳液相比,外加盐的存在导致体系粘度增加;当外加盐浓度增加至4.31g/L,在低剪切速率下,体系出现牛顿平台区.溶液pH值对体系粘度无显著影响.     

生物相容性嵌段型聚电解质胶束在水溶液中的酶降解行为

采用激光光散射仪和原子力显微镜研究了生物相容性嵌段型聚电解质聚左旋乳酸-b-聚甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(PLLA-b-PDMAEMA)胶束在水溶液中2个温度(室温25.0℃和人体温度36.8℃)和2个pH值(肿瘤pH=4.9和正常组织pH=7.4)条件下的酶降解行为. 酶降解过程中存在一个失活时间, 在此之前, 胶束的酶降解遵循逐个降解机理. 失活时间之后, 出现裂纹或是通道的胶束核为降低其在溶剂中的表面积, 从而降低体系自由能, 胶束之间发生了聚集. 升高温度后, 酶的活性提高, 初始降解速率加快. 由于pH=4.9时胶束壳层因静电斥力作用而较为伸展, 使得胶束降解更快.     

核糖核酸酶在DAB-环已烷反胶束溶液中的活性

表面活性剂在有机溶剂中形成的反胶束可以增溶大量的水分子，很多水溶性的物质又可溶解在反胶束的核心水团当中，这些都已是不争的事实［1］．酶在反胶束中的溶解对蛋白质的萃取分离，生物合成等方面有着十分广阔的应用前景，已引起了广泛的注意，文献逐年增加［2－4］．核糖核酸酶A（RNaseA）分子量较小，性质稳定，活性的测定简便易行，很适于作为反胶束－酶体系的研究对象，但大部分研究集中在阴离子表面活性剂AerosolT（AOT）的反胶束体系上，而对其它表面活性剂反胶束－酶体系的研究很少［5，6］．Papadimitriou等曾发现．糜蛋白酶…     

水杨酸-2′-乙基己基酯在胶束中的增溶位点

考察了阳离子、非离子和阴离子表面活性剂存在下水杨酸-2′-乙基己基酯(EHS)的吸收光谱和激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)荧光光谱.结果表明,EHS可增溶在胶束中,2′-乙基己基碳链朝向胶束内核,而水杨酸基朝向胶束-水界面;胶柬环境有利于EHS分子对紫外光的吸收和分子内氢键的形成,从而使ESIPT荧光显著增强,激发态分子以发射可见光和非辐射去活化方式衰减;并根据EHS和表面活性剂分子的结构和大小,解释了EHS分子在胶束中的结合位点,荧光猝灭和酯水解的光谱测量进一步为此结合位点提供了佐证.     

核糖核酸酶A在DAB-环乙烷溶液中的活性和构象

The activity and conformation of ribonuclerse A (RNaseA) solubilized in cyclohexane via dodecylammonium butyrate(DAB) reverse micelles were investigated. The activity of RNaseA was studied using the cytidine 2’,3’ -phosphate as the substrate, and it was found that kcat increases significantly with respect to that in water attended by an increased Km•FT-IR spectra of RNaseA in reverse micellar solution were investigated as a function of w0(= [H2O]/ [DAB]), and it was noted that the structure of RNaseA became losser in reverse micelles campared to that in aqueous solution. The relation between activity and conformation was discussed.     

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data of Carbon Dioxide+Methyl Propionate and Carbon Dioxide+Propyl Propionate Systems

High-pressure vapor-liquid equilibrium data for the binary systems of methyl propi-onate+carbon dioxide and propyl propionate+carbon dioxide were measured at pressure from 1.00 MPa to 12.00 MPa and temperature in the range from 313 K to 373 K. Experimen-tal results were correlated with the Peng-Robinson equation of state with the two-parameter van der Waals mixing rule. At the same time, the Henry's coefficient, partial molar enthalpy change and partial molar entropy change of CO₂ during dissolution at different temperature were also calculated.     

Kinetic Modeling of the Decomposition of Carbon Tetrachloride in Thermal Plasma

Decomposition of carbon tetrachloride in a RF thermal plasma reactor was investigated in argon atmosphere. The net conversion of CCl₄ and the main products of its decomposition were determined from the mass spectrometric analysis of outlet gases. Flow and temperature profiles in the reactor were calculated and concentration profiles of the species along the axis of the reactor were estimated using a newly developed chemical kinetic mechanism, containing 12 species and 34 reaction steps. The simulations indicated that all carbon tetrachloride decomposed within a few microseconds. However, CCl₄ was partly recombined from its decomposition products. The calculations predicted 70\% net conversion of CCl₄, which was close to the experimentally determined value of 60\%. A thermodynamic equilibrium model also simulated the decomposition. Results of the kinetic and thermodynamic simulations agreed well above 2000 K. However, below 2000 K the thermodynamic equilibrium model gave wrong predictions. Therefore, application of detailed kinetic mechanisms is recommended for modeling CCl₄ decomposition under thermal plasma conditions.     

精四氯化钛中痕量四氯化碳的分析

建立了酸抑制水解-气相色谱法(GC-ECD)分析精四氯化钛中痕量CCl4的方法。以2 mol/L盐酸为酸抑制水解溶液,四氯化钛与水解溶液按样液比(S/V)1∶5进行水解反应,水解液用正壬烷连续萃取3次。结果表明,水解液中加标的CCl4基本被萃取完全,萃取回收率为92.3%～101%,盐酸浓度在0.85～6mol/L范围内对萃取结果无影响;S/V≤1∶4时,水解体系保持稳定澄清透明状态。高纯四氯化钛加标样中CCl4的加标回收率为87.6%～115%,样品分析的相对标准偏差为4.2%～8.5%,方法准确性和稳定性较好。该方法对5 mL精四氯化钛样品中CCl4的定量下限为6.80μg/L,远低于国外精四氯化钛中CCl4的限定标准。     

卵磷脂与CCl4、CHCl3的反胶束中水增溶机制的研究

采用红外光谱、核磁共振谱技术研究了ＰＣ（卵磷脂）－ＣＣｌ４、ＰＣ－ＣＨ（Ｄ）Ｃｌ３反胶束中增溶水的缔合状态以及水与ＰＣ分子中不同功能基团的作用随水量的变化。实验结果表明,随反胶束捕集水量的增加,胶束中存在３种不同的缔合水：结合水,界面束缚水,类体相水,其中结合水以配位方式与ＰＣ极性端基的胆碱基团［—Ｎ＋（ＣＨ３）３］作用,以氢键与磷酸脂基ＯＰ（ＯＲ）２Ｏ－１基团结合。另外,用吸收光谱法测定饱和增溶点并根据球型反胶束模型计算了增溶后反胶束的聚集数及水核半径     

Modelling of Carbon Tetrachloride Decomposition in Oxidative RF Thermal Plasma

Decomposition of carbon tetrachloride in a RF thermal plasma reactor was investigated in oxygen–argon atmosphere. The net conversion of CCl₄ and the main products of decomposition were determined by GC–MS (Gas Chromatographic Mass Spectroscopy) analysis of the exhaust gas. Temperature and flow profiles had been determined in computer simulations and were used for concentration calculations. Concentration profiles of the species along the axis of the reactor were calculated using a newly developed chemical kinetic mechanism, containing 34 species and 134 irreversible reaction steps. Simulations showed that all carbon tetrachloride decomposed within a few microseconds. However, CCl₄ was partly recombined from its decomposition products. Calculations predicted 97.9% net conversion of carbon tetrachloride, which was close to the experimentally determined value of 92.5%. This means that in RF thermal plasma reactor much less CCl₄ was reconstructed in oxidative environment than using an oxygen-free mixture, where the net conversion had been determined to be 61%. The kinetic mechanism could be reduced to 55 irreversible reaction steps of 26 species, while the simulated concentrations of the important species were within 0.1% identical compared to that of the complete mechanism.     

Solubilization of Benzene and Several Benzene Derivatives in Dilute Aqueous Solution of 18-Crown-6

Solubilities of benzene, toluene, nitrobenzene, p-and o-nitrotoluene in dilute aqueous solutions of 18-crown-6 have been determined by UV-spectrometry at 15, 25, and 35°C. The saturation concentration of each aromatic solute depends linearly on the l8-crown-6 concentration. Experimental results show that 18-crown-6 molecules form host-guest complexes (with 1:1 stoichiometry) with the aromatic molecules, which supports the assumption that the force of combination between the crown ether and the aromatic molecules is a weak hydrophobic interaction.