软嵌式薄层粉末电极 Ⅰ.薄层粉末旋转电极和光电化学电极

研究粉末电催化剂目前多采用多孔电极(如气体扩散电极)方法,也用糊状电极或粉末悬浮液方法,但均不适于研究电极过程动力学.Savy和Putten等人曾制备了薄层粉末电极,但是,前者实验结果不易重现,后者适用范围较窄,因而应用在电化学研究中受到了限制. 为了研究粉末催化剂,我们制备了软嵌式超薄层粉末旋转盘环电极和光电化学电极.这种电极制备简单,实验数据重现性良好,能广泛用于各种电极过程动力学研究. 薄层粉末旋转盘环电极在制备软嵌电极时,关键是选择一个有塑性的防水导电膜.为     

微电极研究 XV.微带电极及阵列微带电极上的扩散

本文讨论了微带电极的计时电流、扩散层与时间的关系;研究了微带阵列电极的扩散层交叠情况及其对计时电流的影响;进而对微带阵列电极上电极间的屏蔽效应进行了研究,屏蔽效应与电解时间、电极间距离及电极宽度有关,用已有的实验结果验证了本文的理论分析.     

微电极研究 ⅩⅤ.微带电极及阵列微带电极上的扩散

本文讨论了微带电极的计时电流、扩散层与时间的关系;研究了微带阵列电极的扩散层交叠情况及其对计时电流的影响;进而对微带阵列电极上电极间的屏蔽效应进行了研究,屏蔽效应与电解时间、电极间距离及电极宽度有关,用已有的实验结果验证了本文的理论分析.     

微电极研究 XV.微带电极及阵列微带电极上的扩散

本文讨论了微带电极的计时电流、扩散层与时间的关系;研究了微带阵列电极的扩散层交叠情况及其对计时电流的影响;进而对微带阵列电极上电极间的屏蔽效应进行了研究,屏蔽效应与电解时间、电极间距离及电极宽度有关,用已有的实验结果验证了本文的理论分析.     

软嵌式薄层粉末电极 I: 薄层粉末旋转电极和光电化学电极

研究粉末电催化剂目前多采用多孔电极(如气体扩散电极)方法, 也用糊状电极或粉末悬浮液方法, 但均不适于研究电极过程动力学.为了研究粉末催化剂, 我们制备了软嵌式超薄层粉末旋转盘环电极和光电化学电极. 这种电极制备简单, 实验数据重现性良好, 能广泛用于各种电极过程动力学研究.     

线状铜电极在磷酸溶液中电流混沌振荡的同步行为

研究了恒电位下两个铜线电极在磷酸溶液中的电流混沌振荡行为,通过恒定不同的电位数值,改变单个电极的电流振荡混沌行为,研究了不同混沌间的相互作用.调整线电极间的距离,研究了电极间距对电流振荡行为的影响.实验中两电极的振荡间呈现了复杂的耦合作用,耦合后的频率与耦合前电极原有的频率不同.两电极的混沌电流振荡中呈现出同步、准周期同步和反相同步等现象.电极距离一定时,振荡波形差别很大的两电极的电流容易呈现反相同步和准周期同步,波形差别不大时容易产生同步.强的耦合导致电极间电流振荡的同步,电极距离的加大,电极间电流振荡难以产生同步.对耦合作用机制也进行了探讨.     

中性载体水杨酸根离子电极的研究

近年来,反Hofmeister行为的阴离子选择性电极的研究是离子电极研究领域中重要的研究方向之一[1],其中许多平面结构的Schiff碱金属配合物对特种阴离子表现较高选择性,以此研制了许多高选择性I-电极[2,3]、S al-电极[4-6]、SCN-电极[7,8].     

抗坏血酸在铂纳米粒子/碳纳米管/聚吡咯复合修饰电极上的电化学行为

研究了抗坏血酸在铂纳米粒子/碳纳米管/聚吡咯复合膜修饰电极上的电化学行为,发现复合修饰电极对抗坏血酸的电化学反应具有较好的电催化作用,与空白电极相比电化学氧化电流增加了7倍。用电化学阻抗谱研究了电子在修饰电极界面上的传输过程,发现修饰电极的电催化性能与修饰电极可以提高界面电子传输能力是相关的。同时研究了碳纳米管用量、支持电解质、扫速、电沉积条件等因素对抗坏血酸在修饰电极上电化学行为的影响。     

彩色相纸助剂(抗氧化剂)的氧化还原电位和极谱半波电位的测定方法——旋转圆盘电极和极谱仪的应用

曾有文献报道应用旋转铂电极测定了照相显影剂的电极电位和研究了显影剂和亚硫酸盐的电极反应。Fumlo Karasawa等人用环盘电极(RRDE)研究了照相胶片的显影速度,还有人发表了应用循环伏安法测定菁染料光谱增感剂氧化还原电位的方法。     

聚乙烯醇修饰电极的研制及应用

本文提出用玻碳电极为基体制作聚乙烯醇(PVA)修饰电极。研究了铜在该电极上的阳极溶出伏安特性。探讨了电极修饰及其作用机理。电极可用于水中痕量铜的测定,灵敏度比未修饰玻碳电极提高一个数量级以上。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.