首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
测定了5种平均相对分子质量和相对分子质量(以下简称分子量)分布不同的烷基芳基磺酸盐复配体系的吸附等温线,分别考察了分子量、分子量分布、温度和无机盐对复配体系在油砂/石英砂表面的吸附量的影响。 结果表明,对5种分子量分布复配体系吸附量依次降低的顺序为递增分布、正态分布、反正态分布、递减分布和均匀分布;复配体系在油砂表面的吸附量随着磺酸盐的平均分子量的增大而增大,随温度的升高而降低,随NaCl浓度的增加而增加。另外,在低浓度时,MgCl2、CaCl2和Na2SO4比NaCl对吸附的影响显著。 NaCl对复配体系在油砂表面的吸附影响比对石英砂表面吸附的影响略大。  相似文献   

2.
用固体电解质电动势法测定了复合氧化物LaCrO_(3(s))在1273K下的标准生成自由能。1/2La_2O_(3(s))+1/2Cr_2O_(3(s))=LaCrO_(3(s))反应的标准自由能变化为:ΔG_(1273K)~0=-30.1±1.5kJ/mol。用氧位递增原理和经验规则对实验测得的LaCrO_(3(s))标准生成自由能进行了检验。经验公式为:ΔG_(f(LaMO_3)1273K)~0=-3177+83.3Z kJ/mol,其中M=Cr、Mn、Co、Ni;Z为M的原子序数。  相似文献   

3.
温度对β-环糊精与不同结构硫醇包合作用的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
孙燕  夏道宏  项玉芝 《应用化学》2007,24(10):1201-1205
利用竞争紫外-可见光谱法研究了温度对β-环糊精(β-CD)包合不同结构硫醇客体分子作用的影响。结果表明,在不同温度下β-CD与硫醇均可发生包合作用,并分别测定了25.0、30.0、35.0、40.0及50.0℃下正构硫醇和异构硫醇与β-CD所形成包合物的稳定常数。正丁硫醇与β-CD包合物的稳定常数分别为:49.37、66.39、93.88、124.5和197.61L/mol,包合过程的ΔG、ΔH及ΔS分别为-9.661kJ/mol、35.85kJ/mol、152.63J/(mol.K);异丁硫醇与β-CD包合物的稳定常数分别为:326.0、364.6、415.3、472.2和592.4L/mol,而包合过程的ΔG、ΔH及ΔS分别为-14.34kJ/mol、19.35kJ/mol、112.98J/(mol.K)。研究发现,β-CD对不同结构硫醇的包合能力均随温度的升高而增强,且在研究的温度范围内包合过程均可自发进行,且是吸热的熵控制过程。硫醇分子烷基链疏水部分水壳层的破坏,使得自由运动的粒子数增加,且进入β-CD疏水空腔的烷基运动自由度的增加是引起熵值增加的主要原因。  相似文献   

4.
毛细管区带电泳法研究新型喜树碱衍生物的水解反应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用毛细管区带电泳法考察新型喜树碱衍生物(L-P)在不同pH溶液中的结构稳定性,并在接近人体生理条件下(310 K, pH 7.4)研究由内酯环结构形式向羧酸盐结构形式转化的水解反应的动力学和热力学参数.采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管柱(35 cm×50 μm i.d.,有效柱长26.5 cm),背景电解质溶液(BGE)为0 025 mol/L磷酸钠缓冲溶液,pH 值分别为2.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 7.4和9.0.在pH<4的溶液中,L-P以内酯环结构形式存在;随着pH值增大,内酯环结构形式将逐渐水解转化成羧酸盐结构形式;当pH>9时,L-P几乎完全以羧酸盐结构形式存在.上述水解反应的速率常数随温度的升高而增加;测得其活化能 (Ea),焓变(ΔH)和熵变(ΔS)分别为72.6 kJ/mol,10.5 kJ/mol和50.9 J/(mol · K).毛细管区带电泳法能有效分离新型喜树碱衍生物(L-P)两种具有pH依赖性的结构形式.由内酯环结构形式向羧酸盐结构形式转化的水解反应是一个自发的吸热过程, 而且随着温度的升高其水解反应趋势相应加大.  相似文献   

5.
采用水热法成功合成出了介孔泡沫(Mesocellular foams,MCFs)二氧化硅材料,本文采用物理吸附法将纤维素酶(1,4-β-D-葡聚糖葡糖苷水解酶)成功地吸附到介孔分子筛MCFs中,吸附的酶容量为65.42 mg/g。通过对MCFs对纤维素酶的吸附条件进行优化,得到的吸附最佳条件为pH 5.0,MCFs∶纤维素酶=15∶1(质量比),吸附温度4℃,接触时间20 h。本研究进行了纤维素酶的活性测定,采用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)法测得,吸附前CMC酶活性=2.96 mg/g,吸附后CMC酶活性=2.53 mg/g。MCFs吸附纤维素酶的过程属于准二阶动力学。该吸附反应在4-20℃之间,ΔG0,吸附处于自发反应。焓变ΔH=-33.76 kJ/mol0,熵变ΔS=-109.65 J/(mol·K)0,说明MCFs吸附纤维素酶的过程属于放热的熵减过程。本研究所获得的4-20℃之间ΔG~0值在0~-20 kJ/mol之间,说明MCFs吸附纤维素酶属于物理吸附过程。当温度处于298 K及其以上时,吸附处于非自发反应。  相似文献   

6.
利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR),研究了pH值11.00时,不同温度下CoS纳米粒子与明胶蛋白质的键合作用.根据吸光度与CoS浓度的关系,由Lineweave-Burk方程计算了不同温度下CoS纳米粒子与明胶蛋白作用的键合常数K(温度为293 K时键合常数K为3.01×103L/mol;温度为301 K时键合常数K为2.12×103L/mol;温度为313 K时键合常数K为1.85×103L/mol)以及对应温度下反应的热力学参数(ΔrHm=-17.93 kJ/mol;ΔrSm=4.93 J/(K.mol);ΔrGm=-19.37/-19.41/-19.47kJ/mol).CoS纳米粒子与明胶蛋白之间主要靠静电力结合.研究结果为初步探索纳米颗粒与纤维状蛋白质之间相互作用的化学机制提供了必要的信息.  相似文献   

7.
王邦宁  谈夫 《化学学报》1987,45(8):744-748
用差示扫描量热法及热台显微镜法研究了Schiff碱类向列液晶PEBAB及PBAPB的熔融与清亮过程.给出PEBAB的Tm=378.53K,△Hm=26.48±0.20kJ/mol,△Sm=69.96±0.53J/K.mol,Tc=399.80K,△Hc=929±53J/mol,△Sc=2.32±0.13J/K.mol;对于PBAPB,Tm(II)=352.86K,Tm(I)=354.74K,Tc=384.54K,△Hc=866±25J/mol,△Sc=2.25±0.07J/K.mol.在通过二次加热法消除熔前效应后,得到△Hm(I+II)=12.36±0.17kJ/mol,它不随升温速率改变而变化.本工作测得的清亮焓,在3%的偏差范围内符合平均场理论要求;△H1/△H2=T1/T2;所得清亮熵也与大多数向列型液晶相近.在PBAPB中,在318K左右,还观察到固→固相变等情况,相变焓是13.96±0.35kJ/mol.  相似文献   

8.
在水 丙酮混合溶剂中合成了Zn(Met)Ac2 ·H2 O固态配合物 ,通过化学分析、元素分析、IR、DSC和TG DTG对其组成、结构及热稳定性进行了表征。得出其脱水过程和分解过程的焓变分别为 15 30J/ g和35 7 80J/ g。用转动弹热量计测得其恒容燃烧能ΔcE为 (- 6 4 72 11± 2 2 0 )kJ/mol,计算得其标准燃烧焓ΔcH0m 和标准生成焓ΔfH0m 分别为 (- 6 4 75 2 1± 2 2 0 )kJ/mol和 (- 4 2 9 0 4± 2 5 9)kJ/mol。  相似文献   

9.
建立了联二萘酚对映体的高效液相色谱拆分方法。使用ChiralpakAD-H手性色谱柱,考察了流动相中极性调节剂的种类和比例、柱温以及流速对拆分联二萘酚对映体的影响。确定了最佳拆分条件:流动相为V(正己烷):V(乙醇)=55:45;流速为0.8mL/min;检测波长254nm;柱温30℃。计算了联二萘酚与固定相相互作用的焓变差值Δ(ΔH0)和熵变差值Δ(ΔS0)分别为-2.10kJ/mol和-4.94J/(mol.K),并考察了在以乙醇或异丙醇为极性调节剂流动相中两对映体的出峰顺序,结果发现在这两种流动相中出峰顺序是相反的。方法可用于联二萘酚的手性分离与检测。  相似文献   

10.
阳离子表面活性剂在膨润土上的有序化作用及吸附热力学   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
绘制了不同温度下溴化十四烷基吡啶(MPB)在膨润土上的等温吸附曲线, 探讨了MPB的吸附热力学及作用机理; 并用XRD, FTIR和UV固体漫反射表征了MPB在固相上的有序化作用. 研究结果表明, MPB的吸附热力学、作用机制及有序化过程取决于其在膨润土上的负载量. 不同负载量下标准吉布斯自由能ΔGm0<0, 表明为自发吸附过程, 但存在3个不同阶段. 在低负载量(<0.8CEC)时为吸热吸附[焓变ΔHm0=7.92 kJ/mol, 熵变ΔSm0≈110 J/(K·mol)], 以阳离子交换作用吸附为主; 在高负载量阶段为放热吸附[ΔHm0=-34.41 kJ/mol, ΔSm0≈-50 J/(K·mol)], 以脂肪链间的疏水性相互作用为主; 最大吸附量随温度的升高(278 K→328 K), 从2.8CEC降低为1.5CEC, 相应的ΔHm0=-9.74 kJ/mol. 在负载量由低到高的吸附过程中, 吸附态MPB的状态从无序“液态”逐渐演变为有序“固相”, 吸附过程从熵驱动(ΔSm0>0)过渡为焓驱动(ΔHm0<0).  相似文献   

11.
The kinetics of the Cu(II)(bisoxazoline)-catalyzed diastereo- and enantioselective Gosteli-Claisen rearrangement of 2-alkoxycarbonyl-substituted allyl vinyl ethers has been investigated by enantioselective on-column reaction gas chromatography (ocRGC). Enantioselective ocRGC integrates (stereoselective) catalysis and enantioselective chromatography in a single microcapillary, which is installed in a GC-MS for direct analysis of conversion and selectivity. Thus, this technique allows direct differentiation of thermal and stereoselectively catalyzed reaction pathways and determination of activation parameters and selectivities of the individual reaction pathways starting from stereoisomeric reactants with high precision. Two modes of operation of enantioselective ocRGC are presented to investigate noncatalyzed, i.e., conversion of isopropyl-2-(allyloxy)but-2Z-enoate 1 to isopropyl-3R,S-methyl-2-oxy-hex-5-enoate (±)-2 and the [Cu{(R,R)-Ph-box}](SbF(6))(2)-catalyzed Gosteli-Claisen rearrangement, i.e., conversion of isopropyl-2-(but-2'E-en-1-yloxy)but-2Z-enoate (E,Z)-3 to isopropyl-3S,4S-dimethyl-2-oxy-hex-5-enoate 4b. Eyring activation parameters have been determined by temperature-dependent measurements: Uncatalyzed rearrangement of 1 to (±)-2 gives ΔG(?) (298 K) = 114.1 ± 0.2 kJ·mol(-1), ΔH(?) = 101.1 ± 1.9 kJ·mol(-1), and ΔS(?) = -44 ± 5 J·(K·mol)(-1), and catalyzed rearrangement of (E,Z)-3 to 4b gives ΔG(?)(298 K) = 101.1 ± 0.3 kJ·mol(-1), ΔH(?) = 106.1 ± 6.6 kJ·mol(-1), and ΔS(?) = 17 ± 19 J·(K·mol)(-1).  相似文献   

12.
Fructose was used as an efficient catalyst for three-component condensation reactions of aryl aldehydes,malononitrile,and dimedone in a mixture of EtOH and H_2O as green solvents.The advantages of this method are a short reaction time,high yields,low cost,easy accesses,and simple work-up.The mechanism of the synthesis of a derivative of 4H-tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran was clarified using spectroscopic kinetic methods.The activation energy(Ea=65.34 kJ/mol)and related kinetic parameters(ΔG=69.14 kJ/mol,ΔS=20.99 J/(mol·K),andΔH=62.89 kJ/mol)were calculated,based on the effects of temperature,concentration,and solvent.The first step in the proposed mechanism was identified as the rate-determining step(k1),based on the steady-state approximation.  相似文献   

13.
Standard thermochemical data (in the form of Δ(f)H° and Δ(f)G°) are available for crystalline (c) materials but rarely for their corresponding amorphous (a) counterparts. This paper establishes correlations between the sets of data for the two material forms (where known), which can then be used as a guideline for estimation of missing data. Accordingly, Δ(f)H°(a)/kJ mol(-1) ≈ 0.993Δ(f)H°(c)/kJ mol(-1) + 12.52 (R(2) = 0.9999; n = 50) and Δ(f)G°/kJ mol(-1) ≈ 0.988Δ(f)H°(c)/kJ mol(-1) + 0.70 (R(2) = 0.9999; n = 10). Much more tentatively, we propose that S°(298)(c)/J K(-1) mol(-1) ≈ 1.084S°(298)(c)/J K(-1) mol(-1) + 6.54 (R(2) = 0.9873; n = 11). An amorphous hydrate enthalpic version of the Difference Rule is also proposed (and tested) in the form [Δ(f)H°(M(p)X(q)·nH(2)O,a) - Δ(f)H°(M(p)X(q),a)]/kJ mol(-1) ≈ Θ(Hf)n ≈ -302.0n, where M(p)X(q)·nH(2)O represents an amorphous hydrate and M(p)X(q) the corresponding amorphous anhydrous parent salt.  相似文献   

14.
The dissociative photoionization of tetramethyltin (Me?Sn) and hexamethylditin (Me?Sn?) has been investigated by threshold photoelectron-photoion coincidence (TPEPICO). Ions are energy-selected, and their 0 K dissociation onsets are measured by monitoring the mass spectra as a function of ion internal energy. Me?Sn(+) dissociates rapidly by methyl loss, with a 0 K onset of E? = 9.382 ± 0.020 eV. The hexamethylditin ion dissociates slowly on the time scale of the experiment (i.e., during the 40 μs flight time to the detector) so that dissociation rate constants are measured as a function of the ion energy. RRKM and the simplified statistical adiabatic channel model (SSACM) are used to extrapolate the measured rate constants for methyl and Me?Sn(?) loss to their 0 K dissociation onsets, which were found to be 8.986 ± 0.050 and 9.153 ± 0.075 eV, respectively. Updated values for the heats of formation of the neutral Me?Sn and Me?Sn? are used to derive the following 298.15 K gas-phase standard heats of formation, in kJ·mol?1: Δ(f)H(m)(o)(Me?Sn(+),g) = 746.3 ± 2.9; Δ(f)H(m)(o)(Me?Sn?(+),g) = 705.1 ± 7.5; Δ(f)H(m)(o)(Me?Sn(?),g) = 116.6 ± 9.7; Δ(f)H(m)(o)(Me?Sn,g) = 123.0 ± 16.5; Δ(f)H(m)(o)(MeSn(+),g) = 877.8 ± 16.4. These energetic values also lead to the following 298.15 K bond dissociation enthalpies, in kJ·mol?1: BDE(Me?Sn-Me) = 284.1 ± 9.9; BDE(Me?Sn-SnMe?) = 252.6 ± 14.8.  相似文献   

15.
In order to provide insight into the reaction pathways of nitrogen oxide redox species with [Fe-S] models that may parallel those existing in biology, the reactivity of the iron-sulfur species, {[Fe(II)(S(4)NEt(2)N)]}(2) (1) and [Fe(II)(CH(3)CN)(S(4)NEt(2)N)] (2), where (S(4)NEt(2)N)(2-) = 2,6-bis(2-mercaptophenylthiomethyl)-4-diethylaminopyridine(2-), towards NO(+) (nitrosation) has been studied mechanistically in acetonitrile and compared with the corresponding reactions with NO (nitrosylation). For the nitrosation of 1, the reaction takes place in two steps that correspond to the nitrosation of the mononuclear (2) and dinuclear (1) complexes, respectively. For the corresponding carbonyl complex [Fe(II)(CO)(S(4)NEt(2)N)] (3), the nitrosation reaction occurs in a single step. The relative reactivity of the iron-sulfur species is approximately (1)/(2)/(3) = 1/20/10. Activation parameters for the nitrosation of 1 (ΔH(#) = 27 ± 1 kJ mol(-1), ΔS(#) = -111 ± 2 J K(-1) mol(-1), and ΔV(#) = -19 ± 2 cm(3) mol(-1)), 2 (ΔH(#) = 46 ± 2 kJ mol(-1), ΔS(#) = -22 ± 7 J K(-1) mol(-1), and ΔV(#) = -9.7 ± 0.4 cm(3) mol(-1)) and 3 (ΔH(#) = 38 ± 1 kJ mol(-1), ΔS(#) = -44 ± 4 J K(-1) mol(-1), and ΔV(#) = -7.8 ± 0.3 cm(3) mol(-1)) were determined from variable temperature and pressure studies. The significantly negative ΔS(#) and ΔV(#) values found for the nitrosation reactions are consistent with an associative mechanism. A comparative study of the reactivity of the iron-sulfur species 1 to 3 towards NO(+) and NO is presented.  相似文献   

16.
D152树脂对铜(Ⅱ)的吸附性能   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The sorption behavior and mechanism of D152 resin for Cu~(2+) is investigated.D152 resin has a good adsorptivity for Cu~(2+) in the HAc-NaAc medium at pH=4.73.The statically saturated sorption capacity is 309mg/g·(resin).Cu~(2+)adsorbed on D152 resin can be eluted quantitatively by using 0.1-2.0mol/L hydrochloric acid as an eluant.The apparent rate constant and activation energy are k_(298)=1.86×10~(-5) sec~(-1) and Ea=12.3kJ/mol.The sorption behavior of D152 resin for Cu~(2+) obeys the Freundlich isotherm.The sorption thermodynamic parameters of D152 resin for Cu~(2+)are enthalpy change ΔH=14.6 kJ/mol,free energy change ΔG=-0.72kJ/mol,entropy change ΔS=51.4J/(mol·K).respectively.  相似文献   

17.
Two new isostructural two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymers exhibiting spin crossover (SCO) behavior of formulation [Fe(4,4'-bipy)(2)(NCX)(2)]·4CHCl(3) (4,4'-bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine; X = S [1·4CHCl(3)], Se [2·4CHCl(3)]) have been synthesized and characterized, and both undergo cooperative spin transitions (ST). For 1·4CHCl(3) the ST takes place in two steps with critical temperatures of T(c1)(down) = 143.1 K, T(c2)(down) = 91.2 K, T(c1)(up) = 150.7 K, and T(c2)(up) = 112.2 K. 2·4CHCl(3) displays half ST characterized by T(c)(down) = 161.7 K and T(c)(up) = 168.3 K. The average enthalpy and entropy variations and cooperativity parameters associated with the ST have been estimated to be ΔH(1)(av) = 5.18 kJ mol(-1), ΔS(1)(av) = 35 J K(-1) mol(-1), and Γ(1) = 2.8 kJ mol(-1) and ΔH(2)(av) = 3.55 kJ mol(-1), ΔS(2)(av) = 35 J K(-1) mol(-1), and Γ(2) = 2.6 kJ mol(-1) for 1·4CHCl(3), and ΔH(av) = 6.25 kJ mol(-1), ΔS(av) = 38.1 J K(-1) mol(-1), and Γ = 3.2 kJ mol(-1) for 2·4CHCl(3). At T > [T(c1) (1·4CHCl(3)); T(c) (2·4CHCl(3))], both compounds are in the space group P2/c while at T < [T(c1) (1·4CHCl(3)); T(c) (2·4CHCl(3))] they change to the C2/c space group and display an ordered checkerboard-like arrangement of iron(II) sites where the high- and low-spin states coexist at 50%.  相似文献   

18.
The formation of mixed molybdenum-tellurium oxides MoTeO5, Mo2TeO8, Mo3TeO11, MoTe2O7 in the gas phase has been studied by mass spectrometry (MS) experiments at temperatures of about 938 K and studied theoretically by quantum chemical (QC) methods. Structural and thermodynamic data for the molecules was calculated. The mixed oxides MoTeO5, Mo2TeO8, Mo3TeO11 and MoTe2O7 in the gas phase have been reported for the first time. Experimental thermodynamic data have been determined by means of MS and confirmed theoretically by DFT and ab initio (MP2) calculations. Adiabatic ionisation potentials (IPs) were obtained experimentally and compared with theoretical vertical ionisation potentials. The following values are given: Δ(f)H(298)(0) (MoTeO5) = ?730.2 kJ mol(?1) (MS), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (MoTeO5) = ?735.4 kJ mol(?1) (DFT), ?717.3 kJ mol(?1) (MP2), S(298)(0) (MoTeO5) = 389.5 J mol(?1) K(?1) (DFT), c(p)(0)(T)(MoTeO5) = 141.71 + 13.54 × 10(?3)T ? 2.53 × 10(6)T(?2) J mol(?1) K(?1) (298 < T < 940 K) (DFT), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (Mo2TeO8) = ?1436.3 kJ mol(?1) (MS), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (Mo2TeO8) = ?1436.1 kJ mol(?1) (DFT), ?1455.9 kJ mol(?1) (MP2), S(298)(0) (Mo2TeO8) = 517.1 J mol(?1) K(?1) (DFT), c(p)(0)(T)(Mo2TeO8) = 228.64 + 24.15 × 10(?3)T ? 4.09 × 10(6)T(?2) J mol(?1) K(?1) (298 < T < 940 K) (DFT), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (Mo3TeO11) = ?2132.7 kJ mol(?1) (MS), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (Mo3TeO11) = ?2110.7 kJ mol(?1) (DFT), ?2163.2 kJ mol(?1) (MP2), S(298)(0) (Mo3TeO11) = 629.3 J mol(?1) K(?1) (DFT), c(p)(0)(T)(Mo3TeO11) = 316.40 + 34.10 × 10(?3)T ? 5.74 × 10(6)T(?2) J mol(?1) K(?1) (298 < T < 940 K) (DFT), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (MoTe2O7) = ?999.7 kJ mol(?1) (MS), Δ(f)H(298)(0) (MoTe2O7) = ?1002.7 kJ mol(?1) (DFT), ?1000.9 kJ mol(?1) (MP2), S(298)(0) (MoTe2O7) = 504.8 J mol(?1) K(?1) (DFT), c(p)(0)(T)(MoTe2O7) = 211.19 + 18.02 × 10(?3)T ? 3.53 × 10(6)T(?2) J mol(?1) K(?1) (298 < T < 940 K) (DFT), IP(MoTeO5) = 10.68 eV (DFT), IP(Mo2TeO8) = 10.4 ± 0.5 eV (MS), IP(Mo2TeO8) = 10.41 eV (DFT), IP(Mo3TeO11) = 10.7 ± 0.5 eV (MS), IP(Mo3TeO11) = 10.18 eV (DFT), IP(MoTe2O7) = 9.91 eV (DFT).  相似文献   

19.
A thermochemical study of wulfenite, i.e., natural lead molybdate PbMoO4 (Kyzyl-Espe field deposit, Central Kazakhstan), is performed on a Setaram high-temperature heat-flux Tian-Calvet microcalorimeter (France). Enthalpies of the formation of wulfenite from oxides Δf H ox o (298.15 K) = ?88.5 ± 4.3 kJ/mol and simple substances Δf H°(298.15 K) = ?1051.2 ± 4.3 kJ/mol were determined by means of melt calorimetry. The Δf G°(298.15 K) of wulfenite corresponding to ?949.1 ± 4.3 kJ/mol was calculated using data obtained earlier for S°(298.15 K) = 161.5 ± 0.27 J/(K mol).  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号