SrB_6O_(10)∶Tb的热释光性质研究

通过高温固相法合成了SrB6O10∶Tb热释光磷光体,并系统地研究了Ce3+,Li+共掺杂,Tb3+掺杂浓度以及60Coγ射线辐照剂量对其热释发光的影响,同时观察了其热释光发射。研究发现:Ce3+,Li+共掺杂对SrB6O10∶Tb磷光体的热释光灵敏度并没有提高。Tb3+掺杂浓度对SrB6O10热释光磷光体的灵敏度有一定影响:在从1%~10%(摩尔分数)的Tb3+掺杂浓度范围内,2%为最佳掺杂浓度。在此掺杂浓度条件下,用Chen的峰形法评估了此磷光体的动力学参数,发现其遵守二级动力学;增加辐照剂量,热释光发射也随之增强,并在所研究的剂量范围内呈线性变化;在其三维热释光发射谱中,观察到了Tb3+离子的特征发射。     

单掺杂与共掺杂离子对Sr2Mg(BO3)2磷光体热释发光的影响

通过高温固相法合成了Sr2Mg(BO3)2磷光体, 并研究了Li＋, Bi3＋, Gd3＋, Ti4＋共掺杂对Sr2Mg(BO3)2∶Dy磷光体热释发光的影响. 研究发现: Li＋的共掺杂使Sr2Mg(BO3)2∶Dy磷光体的热释光主峰强度增加, 而 Bi3＋, Gd3＋或Ti4＋的掺入使样品的热释光强度降低. 在Li＋, Bi3＋, Gd3＋或Ti4＋共掺杂的Sr2Mg(BO3)2∶Dy磷光体高温热释光发射谱中, 我们观察到了480, 579, 662和755 nm的发射峰, 为特征Dy3＋离子的4F9/2→6H15/2, 4F9/2→6H13/2, 4F9/2→6H11/2和4F9/2→6H9/2跃迁, 与Sr2Mg(BO3)2∶Dy磷光体的发射一致. 利用峰形法, 我们评估了Sr2Mg(BO3)2∶ , ( )热释光磷光体234 ℃发光峰的动力学参数, 陷阱深度E＝1.1 eV, 频率因子s＝6.3×109 s－1, 遵循二级动力学.     

稀土Dy~(3+),Tm~(3+)单掺杂的四硼酸锌磷光体的热释光

通过高温固相法合成了Dy3+,Tm3+单掺杂的四硼酸锌(ZnB4O7)磷光体,测定了室温下这2个磷光体经60Coγ-射线辐照后的三维热释光谱。从三维热释光谱可以观察到:这2个磷光体的主发光峰均位于218℃;ZnB4O7∶Tm3+磷光体的主热释光峰的发射波长为366、453、475、651和754 nm,ZnB4O7∶Dy3+磷光体的主热释光峰的发射波长为480、573、665和755 nm,分别为稀土离子Tm3+和Dy3+的特征跃迁发射。对于Tm3+掺杂的ZnB4O7磷光体,热释光发射强度较高,在辐射剂量学领域有潜在的应用。利用峰形法,评估了ZnB4O7∶Tm3+磷光体在218℃时发光峰的动力学参数,其陷阱深度E为1.64 eV,频率因子为3.42×1016s-1,遵循二级动力学。     

电子俘获材料Zn4B6O13:Dy3+的热释光特性研究

通过高温固相扩散反应合成了稀土元素镝掺杂的Zn4-xB6O13:xDy3+磷光体.测定了该化合物在高能60Co伽玛射线辐照下的热释发光曲线和三维热释光谱.三维热释光谱表明,位于大约480nm和580nm的发光谱带来自于Dy3+离子的f-f跃迁.基质中掺杂的Dy3+离子浓度的变化能够改变陷阱的相对分布,随着Dy3+浓度的增加,发光峰温向高温方向移动,这可提高剂量器的热稳定性.当辐照剂量增加时,发光峰温亦向高温方向移动,即陷阱加深.确定了Zn3.86B6O13:0.16Dy3+样品主峰的陷阱深度E=0.73eV,频率因子S=2.43×109s-1.在1～100Gy治疗级范围内,Zn3.86B6O13:0.16Dy3+对60Co伽玛射线辐照的热释光剂量响应呈良好的线性关系.实验结果表明,Zn3.86B6O13:0.16Dy3+是一个潜在的应用于临床医疗的伽玛射线电离辐射热释光剂量计材料.     

ZnO-P2O5:Tb3+玻璃的热释光研究

采用高温熔融法制备了ZnO-P2O5：Tb^3＋玻璃,并以热释光为手段,研究了基质组成、Tb^3＋掺杂浓度、熔制气氛、Tb^3＋与其他稀土离子共掺等因素对ZnO-P2O5：Tb^3＋玻璃的发光中心、陷阱浓度及陷阱能级分布的影响。结果表明：ZnO含量的增加,使得与Zn^2＋配位的氧空位的数量增多,导致50-150℃低温区对应的陷阱浓度增加;还原气氛下,Tb^3＋掺杂后,一方面形成发光中心使得热释光强度提高,另一方面,可能由于不等价取代基质中的Zn^2＋离子产生新的缺陷使得陷阱能级加深;空气气氛下,大部分Tb^3＋被氧化成Tb^4＋,发光中心浓度降低;Ce^3＋,Eu^3＋,Dy^3＋,Nd^3＋,Pr^3＋和Er^3＋与Tb^3＋共掺时,陷阱能级深度与陷阱中心的电荷密度发生了不同程度的变化。     

电子俘获材料Zn_4B_6O_(13)∶Dy~(3+)的热释光特性研究

通过高温固相扩散反应合成了稀土元素镝掺杂的 Zn4 - x B6 O1 3∶ x Dy3+ 磷光体 .测定了该化合物在高能6 0 Co伽玛射线辐照下的热释发光曲线和三维热释光谱 .三维热释光谱表明 ,位于大约 480 nm和 5 80 nm的发光谱带来自于 Dy3+ 离子的 f-f 跃迁 .基质中掺杂的 Dy3+ 离子浓度的变化能够改变陷阱的相对分布 ,随着Dy3+浓度的增加 ,发光峰温向高温方向移动 ,这可提高剂量器的热稳定性 .当辐照剂量增加时 ,发光峰温亦向高温方向移动 ,即陷阱加深 .确定了 Zn3.86 B6 O1 3∶ 0 .1 6Dy3+样品主峰的陷阱深度 E=0 .73 e V,频率因子S=2 .43× 1 0 9s- 1 .在 1～ 1 0 0 Gy治疗级范围内 ,Zn3.86 B6 O1 3∶ 0 .1 6Dy3+ 对 6 0 Co伽玛射线辐照的热释光剂量响应呈良好的线性关系 .实验结果表明 ,Zn3.86 B6 O1 3∶ 0 .1 6Dy3+是一个潜在的应用于临床医疗的伽玛射线电离辐射热释光剂量计材料 .     

偏硼酸钆镁:铈(Ⅲ)、铽(Ⅲ)、锰(Ⅱ)高显色性荧光粉的研制

用高温固相反应法合成了高显色性橙红粉(Gd，Ce，Tb)(Mg，Mn)B5O10，研究了硼酸用量、Tb／Ce比例、氢气浓度和灼烧温度等对合成产物发光性能的影响。实验表明，当硼酸过量8％、Tb／Ce≥2．5、氢气浓度≤10％、灼烧温度≥1000℃时，可制得发光亮度较高的高显色性橙红色荧光粉。为进一步探讨Tb，Mn的激活机制，制备了高显色性绿粉(Gd，Ce，Tb)MgB5O10和高显色性红粉(Gd，Ce)(Mg，Mn)B5O10作对比。研究表明，通过无辐射能量机制，Ce^3 能够有效地将吸收的紫外能量传递给Tb^3 ，Gd^3 作为能量传递过程中的中间体，其作用是增强Tb^3 的发光，即发生了“激发→Ce^3 →(Gd^3 )n→Tb^3 →发射”过程。此外，Mn^2 发光不能被Ce^3 直接敏化，也是通过Gd^3 作为中间体，发生Gd^3 →Mn^2 的能量传递。     

Li2SrSiO4:Ce3+,Tb3+荧光粉的发光特性及Ce3+→Tb3+的能量传递

用固相反应法合成了具有单相的Li2EuSiO4结构的Li2Sr1-x-ySiO4:xCe3+,yTb3+系列样品。荧光光谱研究表明,Li2SrSiO4:Ce3+发射很强的蓝光,最强的激发峰位于360 nm;而Li2SrSiO4:Tb3+发射很强的绿光,最强的激发激发峰位于243 nm,但在350～410 nm的激发非常微弱。在Ce3+,Tb3+共掺杂的样品Li2Sr0.99-ySiO4:0.01Ce3+,yTb3+中,观察到Ce3+对Tb3+的共振能量传递。由于Ce3+对Tb3+能量传递,Tb3+的激发光谱中出现360 nm附近的宽激发峰。控制Tb3+/Ce3+掺杂浓度比可以实现绿蓝双基色的调制。这种双基色的荧光粉有望在紫外激发的白光LED中获得应用。     

LiMgPO_4:Tm,Tb磷光体的热释光特性

采用高温固相法合成了Li Mg PO4:Tm,Tb粉末样品,研究了热释光特性与发光机制,测量了热释光发光曲线、热释光三维光谱、X射线衍射谱和荧光光谱以及剂量响应曲线。热释光三维光谱显示其主发光峰的发光波长为455 nm,峰温为325℃。采用热释光一般级动力学方程对发光曲线进行拟合得到其陷阱深度为1.34 e V。Li Mg PO4:Tm,Tb主发光峰面积与Al2O3:C相近,在0.1~2000 Gy范围内具有良好的线性响应。对Li Mg PO4:Tm,Tb粉末样品反复测量的研究结果表明该样品具有良好的稳定性和可重复性。     

在硅磷酸镧中Ce^3＋离子对Tb^3＋离子的敏化

实验表明在La2O3·0.01SiO2·0.95P2O5基质中Ce^3 对Tb^3 有强的敏化作用。254nm紫外光激发下温度对Tb^3 激活的Ce^3 、Tb^3 共激活试样的发射强度的Ce^3 、Tb^3 共激活的试样Tb^3 的^5D4→^7F6:5:4跃迁的发射强度随湿度的变化。计算了Ce^3 到Tb^3 的能量传递效率。初步探讨了Ce对Tb的能量传递机理。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).