柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米SnO2及其气敏性

以SnCl4·5H2O为原料,用柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法成功的合成了SnO2纳米粉体,利用XRD等手段对其进行表征,并进行气敏性测试,结果表明,该方法制备的SnO2纳米粉体对氯气有较高的灵敏度。     

负载型聚酰亚胺/SnO2杂化膜的结构和性能

通过溶胶凝胶法， 以硅藻土-莫来石陶瓷膜管为支撑体，TiO2为过渡层， 利用具有大量支链的聚酰亚胺和SnO2溶胶制备了系列不同SnO2含量的负载型聚酰亚胺/SnO2杂化膜．采用TEM、FTIR、XPS、TG/DTA、DSC、BET和气体渗透测定对系列膜的微观型态、化学结构、热稳定性、孔结构和气体渗透性能进行了表征和测试． 结果表明，SnO2相与聚酰亚胺支链羧酸基发生化学键连； 杂化膜具有较好的有机无机兼容性， 当SnO2达到15%时，SnO2相在杂化膜中以颗粒状存在， 其粒径约为5 nm；SnO2相与聚酰亚胺间的化学键连有效的提高了杂化膜的玻璃化温度； 随着SnO2含量的增加， 杂化膜的热分解温度逐渐下降； 系列膜具有均匀的孔道结构， 其孔径分别为3.8、3.1、2.8和2.4 nm． 相对于聚酰亚胺膜， 杂化膜对H2、CO2、CO和H2O具有较高的分离性，SnO2为15%的杂化膜对H2/N2、CO2/N2、CO/N2和H2O/N2的分离因子分别达到54.1、30.2、35.9和40.1．     

Photodissociation Dynamics of Methanol and Ethanol at 157 nm

利用氢原子里德堡时间飞行谱技术研究了超音速喷射分子束CH3OH和C2H5OH在157 nm的光解动力学,得到了氢原子产物的时间飞行谱．通过对谱图的拟合揭示出三个氢原子产物通道：OH上的氢原子脱落、CH3(C2H5)上的氢原子脱落和CH3O(C2H5O)的二次解离． 从得到的产物通道相对分支比可以知道CH3O的二次解离过程比C2H5O更明显．CH3OH解离的产物平均角分布各向异性参数β≈-0.3, 显示出跃迁偶极距接近垂直于C-O-H平面．C2H5OH解离的产物β≈-0.4,表明C2H5OH有更长的转动周期． 实验结果显示两个系统都经历了从3px到3s势能面的快速内转换, 然后在3s势能面上解离．CH3O+H产物平动能分布显示出CH3O的伞形振动激发或者CH3的摇摆振动激发,而C2H5O+H产物平动能分布没有振动态分辨．     

球形SnO2 纳米微粒的合成及形成机理分析

以SnCl4·5H2 O为主要原料 ,用溶剂热技术在油酸体系中成功地合成了球形SnO2 纳米微粒 ,在无水乙醇体系中合成了菱形的SnO2 纳米微粒 .通过X射线粉末衍射 (XRD) ,选区电子衍射 (SAED)和透射电镜 (TEM )对两种产物进行了表征 ,并对两种产物的形成机理进行了分析 .透射电镜 (TEM)结果表明 :在油酸体系中得到了平均尺寸约为 3.5nm的球形SnO2 纳米微粒 ,此微粒趋向于特殊高的比表面积 ,适合于作气敏探测器材料方面的应用     

O2/CO2气氛下石灰石煅烧及烧结特性研究

本文研究了在O2/CO2气氛下石灰石的煅烧和烧结特性.结果表明,空气气氛下煅烧所得CaO的孔隙率和比表面积均较O2/CO2气氛下的大,但O2/CO2气氛下煅烧所得CaO具有更大的最可几孔径.石灰石在O2/CO2气氛下1000℃煅烧时的产物具有最大的比孔容积和比表面积,且石灰石煅烧产物CaO的比孔容积和比表面积均随气氛中CO2浓度的增加而下降,在低CO2浓度下下降较为迅速,而在高CO2浓度下下降逐渐趋于平缓.在延长相同烧结时间的情况下,O2/CO2气氛下CaO孔结构受烧结影响的程度要比空气气氛下轻微.     

Keggin结构纳米硅钨酸铵的室温固相合成与物性

首次以H4SiW12 O40·2 2H2 O和 (NH4) 2 C2 O4·H2 O为原料 ,室温固相反应合成出 (NH4) 4 SiW12 O40 纳米微粒 ;用元素分析、FTIR确定产物的组成和结构 ;XRD、TEM和BET对产物的形貌、晶粒尺寸和比表面积进行了表征 ;TG DTA确定了产物的稳定温区 .结果表明 ,产物为纳米粒子 ,平均粒径为 6 0nm ,比表面积为 10 8.7m2 /g ,在 4 30℃以下具有良好的热稳定性 .在固相反应中 ,研磨和放热反应热效应能加快反应物扩散速率和生成物成核速率 ,使产物粒径减小 ;反应物含有结晶水和生成物H2 C2 O4·2H2 O ,对形成小粒径的 (NH4) 4 SiW12 O40 纳米粒子起关键作用 .     

光声法研究C_2H_5OH的红外多光子离解产物C_2H_4的增长规律

近年来,光声光谱技术由于它的高灵敏度及装置简单等优点而得到了广泛的应用[1].我们利用光声法研究了C2H5OH的多光子离解产物C2H4,提供了测定C2H4产物增长速率的简单可靠的方法.Danen曾用红外光谱及气相色谱法检测了C2H5OH的离解产物[2],但因灵敏度有限,只能通过在较高的气压条件下多次辐照后才能探测出生成物的含量.因此,用上述方法研究C2H4产物的增长规律是很困难的.如果用光声法,采用 CW CO2激光器做光源,就可以方便地检测到每次激光辐照后C2H4生成物的单次产额、相对浓度及C2H4增长规律等数据,为研究红外多光子离解提供了一个…     

CH2Cl与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学从头算方法对CH2 Cl与OH自由基反应生成HCCl+H2 O、HCOCl+H2 和H2 CO +HCl的机理进行了研究 .在UMP2 (FC) / 6 311++G 水平上计算出了各物种的优化构型、振动频率 ;并在Gaussian 3(G3)水平上计算了他们的零点能 (ZPE)、相对能量及总能量 .结果表明 ,CH2 Cl和OH自由基反应首先经无垒过程生成一个富能中间体CH2 ClOH ,中间体再经过一系列原子转移、基团旋转和键断裂分别生成产物HCCl+H2 O、HCOCl+H2 和H2 CO +HCl;三者均为放热反应 ,放热量分别为 72 .81、338.5 4和 35 4 .0 8kJ/mol;生成H2 CO +HCl放出的热量比生成HCCl+H2 O放出的热量多 2 81.2 7kJ/mol,与实验结果吻合 .     

表面等离子体激元共振溶胶-凝胶薄膜传感器

采用溶胶－凝胶金属氧化物半导体薄膜,作为表面等离子体激元共振效应的光化学传感器的传感介质。分析了金属Ag膜与传感薄膜的光学参数对传感器灵敏度的影响。通过在金属层与传感层之间优化设计中间层,进一步提高了传感器灵敏度。选择SnO2薄膜及SiO2薄膜作为传感层与中间层,对三种气体NH3、C2H5OH、C3H8进行气敏实验,结果表明结构优化的传感器具有更高的灵敏度。     

三聚氰胺-甲醛气凝胶模板的结构与热稳定性

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成出三聚氰胺-甲醛（MF）有机气凝胶,并通过N2吸附、红外光谱以及热重-质谱联用等实验技术对该气凝胶的多孔形态、结构特性和热稳定性进行了表征。结果表明:MF气凝胶是一种连续的、相互贯通的3维多孔网络结构材料,比表面积约842 m2/g,平均孔径为16 nm左右;热解产生了NO, H2O, NH3, NO2, CO2和CH4气体,很好地诠释了各阶段失重,其总失重高达97%,有望作为制备3维nm级多孔材料的模板。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.