微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定猪肝脏中的铅

采用微波消解—火焰原子吸收法对猪肝脏(鲜)中的痕量铅进行了测定,建立了一种微波消解样品、火焰原子吸收法测定猪肝脏(鲜)中痕量铅含量的方法.研究结果表明,在取样量为0.8g左右、HNO3(65％)∶H2O2(30％)=1∶1(体积比)、中等微波功率消解3 min的条件下,检测到猪肝脏中铅的含量为0.173 μ g/g.该...     

碱消解-火焰原子吸收法测定土壤和固体废物中六价铬

建立了一种碱消解-火焰原子吸收法测定土壤和固体废物中六价铬的方法,讨论了碱消解过程缓冲剂用量、消解液用量以及氯化镁用量对六价铬测定的影响以及考察了三价铬共存条件下对六价铬测定的干扰情况。采用碱消解-火焰原子吸收法测定土壤和固体废物中六价铬,具有操作简单、干扰少、精密度和准确度好等优点。当取样量为1.25 g样品,消解后定容至50 m L,方法用于测定土壤和固体废物中六价铬的检出限为4.0 mg/kg,实际样品的加标回收率范围为100.4%~105.5%。     

氢化物发生辅助雾化火焰原子吸收法测定水中铅

研究了一种提高火焰原子吸收测定铅灵敏度的新方法——氢化物发生辅助雾化的火焰原子吸收法；方法采用硼氢化钠与铅(Ⅳ)在原火焰原子吸收雾化器喷口处反应生成氢化物，以提高火焰原子吸收法的雾化效率；采用重铬酸钾一酒石酸预处理体系，重铬酸钾氧化样品中铅(Ⅱ)为铅(Ⅳ)，酒石酸稳定铅(Ⅳ)的亚稳态化合物；对各种实验参数和干扰情况也进行了研究；方法操作简单、快速，灵敏度比通常的火焰原子吸收法提高了6．8倍；检出限(K=3，n=11)为6．64μg/L，线性范围为0．021～3．2mg／L；测定水样的回收率达94％～99％。     

微波消解-原子吸收法测定啤酒中的微量铝

利用微波消解-原子吸收法测定了啤酒中的微量铝。在密闭容器中采用微波、HNO3-H2O2消化制备试样溶液,然后在酸性介质中,铝与8-羟基喹啉生成1∶3络合物,通过甲基异丁基甲酮(MIBK)萃取,用氧化亚氮-乙炔火焰原子吸收法测定有机相中铝即可测定啤酒中微量铝。本法在0~500μg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.9991),可用于啤酒中微量铝的测定。     

高分辨连续光源原子吸收光谱法对土壤中磷的测定

磷元素在适宜的空气-乙炔火焰中可形成PO双原子分子,PO分子的部分吸收谱线具有原子谱线的轮廓和强度.该文主要研究了利用连续光源原子吸收光谱法,在空气-乙炔火焰条件下测定PO分子的吸光度值,从而测定土壤样品中的磷元素.实验研究了测定过程中可能存在的光谱干扰和化学干扰、乙炔/空气流速比、燃烧器高度对PO双原子分子吸光度的影响,以及不同消解方式对测定结果的影响.在优化的实验条件下,PO 246.40 nm的检出限为20 mg/L.通过对土壤标准物质中磷元素含量的测定比对证明,连续光源原子吸收光谱法是一种测定土壤中磷元素含量的简单、快速的方法.     

通讯作者：于冀芳,石家庄市鹿泉区上庄大街河北省质检中心,050000, 18032188277,

采用微波消解技术对工业锅炉用水进行前处理,建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定工业锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜含量的分析方法。分别对样品的微波消解温度和保持时间进行讨论,优化了微波消解前处理技术。结果表明：给水在消解温度为170 ℃,保持时间为10 min条件下,回水在消解温度为180 ℃,保持时间为12 min条件下,锅炉水在消解温度为185 ℃,保持时间为15 min条件下,微波消解最理想。应用本方法对锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜进行测定,线性范围均为0～2.0 mg/L,检出限分别为0.002 mg/L、0.002 mg/L、0.003 mg/L、0.004 mg/L,回收率为95%～103%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=7)均小于9.32%,与原子吸收法(AAS)进行比较,测定结果基本一致。     

重铬酸钾光度法快速测定水中化学需氧量

建立快速测定水中化学需氧量(COD)的重铬酸钾光度法。样品消解温度为165℃,消解时间为15 min。当水中含有氯离子时,可加入硫酸汞掩蔽剂消除氯离子影响,其加入量按每毫克氯离子加入20 mg硫酸汞计算。该方法检测范围为20~800 mg/L,当水中COD质量浓度大于800 mg/L时应先进行稀释,然后测定;当COD质量浓度小于20 mg/L时,可以采用真空蒸馏法浓缩,以提高COD质量浓度。采用该方法对COD质量浓度为300 mg/L的标准溶液进行测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.7%(n=6),相对误差为-2.0%。分别采用所建方法和国家标准方法HJ 828—2017(重铬酸钾回流消解滴定法)测定两个不同水样,相对偏差分别为-1.6%和-1.1%。该方法适用于水中COD的快速测定。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定垃圾焚烧飞灰中的金属含量

采用NHO3＋HF＋H2O2体系微波消解垃圾焚烧飞灰,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定金属Cu,Fe,Pb,Ni,Mn,Cr和Cd的含量。结果表明,飞灰中Cu质量分数为0．8927mg／g,Pb质量分数为1．8490mg／g,Ni质量分数为0．1523mg／g,Mn质量分数为1．1033mg/g,Fe质量分数为86．4517mg／g,Cr质量分数为0．3667mg／g,Cd质量分数为0．0581mg／g。铁的检测限为3．9041mg／L,其它元素均小于1mg／L,加标回收率在98．0％-108．0％之间。RSD〈4．0％。该法简便快速,具有较好的准确度和精密度,测定结果为处理垃圾焚烧所产生的飞灰提供了理论依据。     

三价铬对COD测定中Cl~–干扰的抑制

测定含氯量高而化学需氧量较低的水样时,在消解过程中利用含Cr3+的硫酸银–硫酸试剂代替国标法中的硫酸银–硫酸试剂,结果表明,用改进法测定含氯且低COD的水样时,Cl–的干扰小于国标法;测定无氯或含氯且COD大于375 mg/L的水样,两种方法测定结果几乎无差别。测定COD 100 mg/L,Cl–质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的水样,相对偏差由国标法的25.8%下降到8.4%;改进法测定COD 100 mg/L,Cl–质量浓度分别为2 000,3 000,5 000mg/L的水样,相对偏差分别为6.3%,11.4%,15.0%,均优于含氯1 000 mg/L国标法测定结果。改进法在COD测定下限的氧化电位相当于国标法测定的COD上限电位,测定上限的氧化电位比国标法下降了0.008 3 V。该方法用于测定含氯高的低COD水样,可抑制Cl–的干扰,提高测量结果的准确度。     

乳浊液进样—火争原子发射光谱法测定润滑脂中的锂和钙

采用乳浊液进样技术建立了用火焰原子发射光谱法测定润滑脂中的锂和钙的方法。测定结果与灰化 -火焰原子发射光谱法一致 ,相对误差小于± 4 .7% ,锂和钙的检出限分别为 0 .0 3 3 mg/L,0 .0 0 5mg/L。方法已应用于实际样品分析。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.