激光促进H3PW12O40表面甲烷部分氧化反应

以Ｈ３ＰＷ１２Ｏ４０（ＰＷ１２）作为固体表面材料,用ＩＲ,ＴＰＤ和激光促进表面反应（ＬＳＳＲ）技术等手段考察了ＰＷ１２的表面构造、化学吸附性能和激光促进ＣＨ４部分氧化合成ＣＨ３０Ｈ的反应规律,ＰＷ１２表面上存在着Ｌｅｗｉｓ碱位（Ｗ＝Ｏ和Ｗ－Ｏ－Ｗ键中的氧位）和Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸位（－Ｗ＾６＋－）,ＣＨ４在ＰＷ１２表面的Ｌｅｗｉｓ碱位上发生化学吸附,主要吸附位是Ｗ＝Ｏ键,采用９８０ｃｍ＾－１的激光激发ＰＷ１２表面的Ｗ＝Ｏ键,在１００℃以上和常压下,ＣＨ４的部分氧化反应顺利进行,ＣＨ３ＯＨ是ＣＨ４氧化的直接产物,ＨＣＨＯ,ＣＨ３ＯＣＨ３和烃类是ＣＨ３ＯＨ进一步反应的产物,Ｈ２Ｏ分子在反应中的作用可能为：通过激光参与下Ｈ２Ｏ分子与ＰＷ１２表面发生相互作用,能产生有利于ＣＨ４吸附和ＣＨ３ＯＨ生成的表面活性位Ｗ＾６＋－Ｏ,同时     

激光促进甲烷氧化偶联表面反应规律的研究

采用ＩＲ、ＴＰＤ、选频ＴＥＡＣＯ２激光等技术，考察了单组分及多组分表面材料上激光促进的甲烷氧化偶联反应．在实验条件下，甲烷在ＬｉＣｌＯ４／Ｐｂ３（ＰＯ４）２固体表面上的转化率达到３２％以上，生成乙烯的选择性为９３％．结果分析表明，晶格氧参与了反应，激光频率是影响激光能量利用的主要因素．     

红外光谱研究甲烷和氧与SrO-La2O3/CaO表面的相互作用

在甲烷氧化偶联（ＯＣＭ）反应条件下，用原位红外光谱研究ＳｒＯ－Ｌａ２Ｏ３／ＣａＯ催化剂，结果表明，晶格氧使甲深度氧化，Ｌａ２Ｏ３和ＣａＯ具有活泼的晶格氧，ＳｒＯ的晶格氧比较稳定，气相氧通过催化剂表面消耗掉的晶格氧，加速甲烷了深度氧化，另一方面，催化剂表面的碳酸根物种在氧气氛下分解，在Ｌａ２Ｏ３和ＬＣ催化剂中，催化剂表面Ｌａ２Ｏ２（ＣＯ３）的分解形成配位不饱和的晶格氧Ｏ＾２－，并为气相氧吸附提供氧空     

CO2部分氧化乙烷制乙烯Pd—Cu／MoO3—SiO2催化剂的研究

用化学吸附－红外光谱、化学吸附－程序升温脱附（ＴＰＤ）和微型反应技术研究了Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＯ３－ＳｉＯ２（ＭｏＳＯ）催化剂对ＣＯ２和乙烷的吸附活化和部分氧化反应性能．结果表明，乙烷以Ｃ—Ｈ键中的Ｈ吸附于ＭｏＳＯ载体表面ＭｏＯ键的端基氧上；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂对ＣＯ２有良好的化学吸附活化性能，ＣＯ２的吸附除有线式吸附态和剪式吸附态外，还有一种新的卧式吸附态；Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂的晶格氧参与了化学反应．探讨了在Ｐｄ－Ｃｕ／ＭｏＳＯ催化剂上ＣＯ２的部分氧化乙烷反应机理     

激光促进乙醇氧化偶联表面反应机理

利用红外光谱（IR）和激光促进表面反应（LSSR）等技术，研究了沉淀法制得Cu2（PO4）（OH）表面上的乙醇氧化偶联合成1，4-丁二醇激光表面反应机理，结果表明：固体表面键激发是激光表面反应的有效激发模式; 乙醇在固体表面材料上的特定化学吸附态形式（－P＝O…H－CH2CH2OH）决定了反应产物的高选择性；固体材料表面晶格氧参与反应是使标题反应能够实现的一个重要因素．     

阶跃过渡应答技术研究Mo-V/Al2O3催化剂上乙烷氧化脱氧制乙烯反应的暂态动力学Ⅱ.乙烷氧化脱氢反应的机理和动力学参数的求取

通过一系列应答实验，证实了氧在ＭｏＯ３－Ｖ２Ｏ５／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上的吸附和吸附态氧转变为晶格氧的过程是慢过程，是乙烷氧化脱氢反应的速度控制步骤；乙烯的深度氧化是乙烯与催化剂表面上吸附态氧作用的结果，而不是与催化剂上晶格氧作用的结果。结合第Ⅰ部分的实验结果，提出了乙烷氧化脱氢制乙烯反应的机理，并用Ｔｒｅａｎｏｒ法和ＤＦＰ法求取了各基元步骤的速率常数、活化能和指前因子等动力学参数。用计算所得的结果进     

激光促进磷酸盐表面甲烷直接氧化合成甲醇的研究

以沉淀法合成了FePO4 、AlPO4 和Fe0 .5Al0 .5PO4 三种固体表面材料。采用XRD、IR和TPR方法对各材料进行了表征。以分子探针IR和TPD方法考察了甲烷在固体表面上的吸附性能。以固体表面键激发模式研究了激光促进甲烷直接氧化合成甲醇的表面反应规律。结果表明 ,FePO4 、AlPO4 和Fe0 .5Al0 .5PO4 均具有均一的晶态结构 ,其晶格氧的活泼性顺序为Fe0 .5Al0 .5PO4 >FePO4 >AlPO4 。在 1 0 0℃以上时 ,CH4 能够以分子态吸附于固体表面PO键上 ,各表面材料的吸附能力也遵循Fe0 .5Al0 .5PO4 >FePO4 >AlPO4 的规律。在 1 0 0～ 30 0℃范围内 ,采用 1 0 83cm- 1的激光激发固体表面PO键 ,CH4 直接氧化生成CH3OH的反应明显发生且CH3OH的选择性在 80 %以上。CH转化率的大小与固体表面材料晶格氧活泼性及其对CH4 的吸附能力有关。用 1 0 0 0cm- 1和 91 0cm- 1的激光激发PO键 ,不能有效促进化学反应的发生 ,揭示了激光光能的有效吸收和传递是LSSR过程能否实现的关键因素。     

脉冲反应技术研究气相氧和晶格氧对甲烷氧化偶联的作用

ＣａＯ的晶格氧对甲烷能发生非选择性氧化反应，经反应消耗的晶格氧可以由气相氧中补充，也可以通过体相晶格氧向表面的迁移来补充。Ｎａ￣＋添加剂能抑制ＣａＯ晶格氧的反应活性，当Ｎａ￣＋含量达到５％时，ＣａＯ晶格氧对甲烷的完全氧化活性被完全抑制。Ｃａ＿ｘＳｒ＿（１－ｘ）ＴｉＯ＿３复合氧化物催化剂的晶格氧对甲烷没有活性。只有当气相氧存在时，在５％Ｎａ￣＋／ＣａＯ和Ｃａ＿ｘＳｒ＿（１－ｘ）ＴｉＯ＿３复合氧化物上才能通过气相氧向表面氧物种的转化而引发甲烷氧化偶联反应。     

激光促进甲醇氧化偶联表面反应的规律

用沉淀法制备了Ｌｉ３ＰＯ４、ＢｉＰＯ４和Ｌｉ３ＰＯ４、ＢｉＰＯ４三种固体表面材料,并用ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＴＰＤ和激光促进表面反应（ＬＳＳＲ）等技术研究了这些固体表面上甲醇氧化偶联生成乙二醇的反应规律。实验结果表明：甲醇在固体材料表面的Ｐ＝９键上产生Ｃ－Ｈ端的分子态吸附,在表面的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸位（金属离子）上产生解离态吸附。Ｌｉ３ＰＯ４和ＢｉＰＯ４的相互作用可促进甲醇在固体表面上的分子态吸附而抑制解离态吸     

甲烷在含有氧缺陷的钙钛矿型复合氧化物上的低温加压氧化偶联反应

用Ｍｇ＾２＋部分置换ＳｒＴｉＯ３中的Ｔｉ＾４＋，由于Ｍｇ＾２＋与Ｔｉ＾４＋的电荷差异而在晶格中生成了氧缺陷，通过氧缺陷上吸附的活性氧物种，在低于６００℃温度范围内甲烷可以进行氧化偶联反应。由于吸附的活性氧物种随着反应的进行被消耗掉的同时，生成的水吸附在氧缺陷中抑制了气相氧的吸附。当提高反应压力时，氧缺陷中吸附的氧物种不断补充，使甲烷的氧化偶联反应可以进行。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。