生物样本中抗精神病药物分离与检测方法的趋势与进展

抗精神病药主要用于治疗精神分裂症及其他精神性疾病,这类药物有效浓度低、遗传变异度大、药物的依从性低。临床通过对该类药物进行治疗药物监测从而实现患者用药方案个体化。在法医学中,生物样本中抗精神病药物的检测对解释和确定死亡原因也至关重要。因此,开发高灵敏、高选择性的生物分析方法至关重要。本文汇总了近5年来抗精神病药物检测的研究方法,重点阐述精神类药物分析在样品制备、生物基质分析中的研究进展。     

高效液相色谱法测定人体血液中氯氮平的含量

氯氮平有较强的抗精神病作用和快速嗜睡作用。快速测定病人血液中的氯氮平,有助于用药量的调整和给药方案的建立,使药物浓度稳定地维持在最佳治疗范围内,避免了毒副反应。 用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度具有快速、灵敏、样品用量少和处理简单的优点。测定对临床用药起了指导作用,治疗效果有了明显的提高。     

非肽类SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶抑制剂的设计与活性表征

SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶是SARS病毒复制过程中的主要蛋白酶, 针对其开展药物设计有望得到有效的抗SARS病毒药物. 本文基于SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶的三维结构, 对现有化学试剂及临床用药数据库进行虚拟筛选, 选出可能对SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶有抑制的非肽化合物进行初步活性测试, 并研究了已知的人鼻病毒3C蛋白酶抑制剂对SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶的活性, 合成了两种母环的衍生物, 得到靛红和哌嗪两类SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶的抑制剂, 其中一个靛红类化合物的IC₅₀为0.76 µmol•L^－1; 而抗组胺药哌嗪类化合物对SARS冠状病毒3CL蛋白酶及细胞培育的SARS病毒的抑制作用, 提示了老药可以开发出新的用途.     

关白附中1,6-葡聚糖及其硫酸酯的抗补体活性

为研究关白附多糖及其硫酸酯的经典途径抗补体活性, 以关白附[Aconitum coreanum(Lévl.) Raipaics]为原料, 经水提醇沉、 DE-32、 Superdex-200和Superdex-75凝胶柱分离纯化, 得到1个均一的中性多糖KMPS-2A. 采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法、 甲基化、 核磁共振和红外光谱等手段对KMPS-2A的结构进行了鉴定; 采用氯磺酸吡啶法制备了多糖硫酸酯, 并测定了多糖及硫酸酯的抗补体活性. 结果表明, KMPS-2A的平均相对分子量为6.76×10⁵, 结构为α-1,6-D-Glc链接的线性多糖; 在氯磺酸与吡啶的体积比为1.75∶1.0时制备的多糖硫酸酯1.75B的取代度最高为1.79. 碳核磁谱分析结果表明, 硫酸基团先后取代C2, C3及C4位. 该多糖硫酸酯的抗补体活性与其硫酸基团取代度呈现一定的相关性, 多糖硫酸酯1.75B的经典途径抗补体活性优于阳性对照药肝素, 表明其具有开发成为补体抑制剂的潜力.     

GC-MS测定体内盐酸埃他卡林及药代动力学研究

盐酸埃他卡林具有新颖、独特的抗高血压作用,国家科技部将其列入1035工程重点研究项目.由于该药化学结构及理化性质的特殊性,无法用HPLC及GC等常规方法进行体内药物浓度测定,且该药与多种常用的衍生化试剂难以进行反应,给药代动力学研究带来很大的困难.本文旨在建立灵敏、专一的体内微量药物定量分析方法,评价该药在动物体内的药代动力学性质,保证临床安全合理用药.     

东莨菪内酯的药理活性及药代动力学研究进展

东莨菪内酯是一种香豆素类化合物,具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、降血糖、降血压、抗神经退行性疾病等多种药理活性.药代动力学方面,东莨菪内酯具有吸收快,组织分布广等特点.本文总结了近年来东莨菪内酯的药理作用及药代动力学的研究进展,以期为其深入研究和开发利用提供参考.     

人血浆中YG-3LC-MS-MS 定量方法的建立

YG-3是1种正在开发的核苷类抗乙肝病毒新药,它可抑制乙肝病毒的复制过程.由于YC-3是目前体外抗病毒活性最强的核苷类似物,其临床试验的用药剂量非常小,仅为μg级.因此为满足其药代动力学研究的要求,本实验室建立了1种具有非常高灵敏度的LC-MS-MS方法,可定量测定人血浆中pg级YC-3的浓度,并通过了方法学考核,为YG-3药代动力学研究提供了有利的条件.     

泰必利的极谱行为及其吸附特性

泰必利(Tiapridum, 简称 TIA)属苯酰胺类抗精神病药, 化学名称为 N -(2-二乙胺乙基)-2-甲氧基-5-甲烷磺酰基苯甲酰胺盐酸盐. 其极谱行为的研究未见报道, 本文用多种电化学手段研究了 TIA 在汞电极上的电化学行为, 对其吸附特性进行了探讨, 建立了单扫示波极谱测定法。     

三氯化镧抗小鼠肝癌作用的整体药效学研究

探讨LaCl3对小鼠原位移植性肝癌的抗肿瘤作用.通过直接注射法建立小鼠肝原位移植瘤模型,于造模后第二天开始给药,每天分别以1.0,0.5,0.1 mg·kg-1LaCl3,0.1 mg·kg-1LaCl3和10 mg·kg-15-Fu,20 mg·kg-15-Fu腹腔注射,连续给药10d,通过抑瘤率测定,生存期观察,及瘤组织坏死程度分析来检测LaCl3,的抗肝癌作用.结果显示,0.5 mg·kg-1及联合用药组可明显抑制小鼠肝癌的生长,并显著延长小鼠生存期.LaCl3对小鼠原位移植性肝癌有显著的抗肿瘤作用.     

抗精神病药(2S,3S)-奈莫必利的高效合成

基于邻位叔丁基二甲基硅氧基(OTBS)手性基团诱导的亚胺(R,S_(RS))-8与甲基溴化镁高选择性加成环合串联反应制备4-OTBS-5-甲基吡咯酰胺1的新方法,经叠氮化与缩合等7步反应,以17%的总收率建立了抗精神病药(2S,3S)-奈莫必利选择性合成方法.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.