Intensity studies in Raman effect: Effect of temperature: Part II (Associative liquids and molten substances)

The influence of temperature on the intensities of Raman lines in some associative liquids and molten substances has been studied and the observed temperature dependence on the intensities has been explained on the basis of the intermolecular interactions.     

Detection of explosive vapour using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

A commercially available nano-structured gold substrate was used for activating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Raman spectra of the vapour of explosive material, triacetonetriperoxide (TATP), at trace concentrations produced from adsorbed molecules on such surfaces have been studied. Prominent Raman lines of the explosive molecular species were recorded at a sample temperature of ∼35°C, which is near to human body temperature. For this study, the concentration of the adsorbed TATP molecules on the nano-structured surface was varied by heating the sample to different temperatures and exposing the substrate to the sample vapour for different lengths of time. The intensities of the Raman lines have been found to increase with the increase in temperature and also with the increase in the duration of exposure for a fixed temperature. However, as expected, the Raman intensities have been found to saturate at higher temperatures and longer exposures. These saturation effects of the strengths of the Raman lines in the SERS of TATP vapour have been investigated in this paper. The results indicate that the optimisation for vapour deposition on the surface could be a crucial factor for any quantitative estimate of the concentration of the molecular species adsorbed on the nano-structured substrates.     

Raman spectra of alkyl-substituted azaoxa[8]circulenes: DFT calculation and experiment

Raman lines in spectra of recently synthesized azaoxa[8]circulenes have been assigned in detail on the basis of obtained experimental data and B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations. Particular features of the structure of three azaoxa[8]circulenes have been considered based on data of X-ray structural analysis and DFT calculations. Regularities in changes of the geometric parameters have been found for benzene, furan, pyrrole, and naphthalene rings that occur upon formation of the macroring in comparison with free molecules. Raman spectra of macrorings have been shown to contain a characteristic set of lines the frequencies of which differ from those of analogous lines in Raman spectra of benzene, pyrrole, furan, and naphthalene. Results of quantum-chemical calculations agree well with experimental data with respect to line frequencies and intensities due to recalculation of Raman activities of normal vibrations into intensities of Raman lines.     

Raman Spectrum Study on the Doping Effect in LiNbO3: MgO Crystals

Raman spectra of LiNbO₃: MgO crystals have been obtained and compared with Raman spectra of pure LiNbO₃ crystals. For both of the two kinds of Raman active modes (4A₁+9E), no changes of the numbers, frequency-shifts, and relative intensities of the Raman spectral lines are found. However, it is observed that some modes coupled to each other at room temperature. The observed modes coupling phenomena, disappeared at low temperature. It is shown from these results that the Raman spectral lines of A₁ (TO) and E (TO) vibrational modes are mainly determined by the (NbO₆) oxygen octahedra characteristic groups of LiNbO₃ crystals.     

Modulation of optical pulses under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions: transfer of the Rabi oscillations manifestation from the radiofrequency to the optical range

The relative intensities of lines in resonance Raman scattering spectra of isolated skatole and skatole-water complex have been calculated quantum mechanically. The influence of the intermolecular interaction on these spectra has been considered. Particular features of the intensity distribution in the resonance Raman scattering spectra of indole and skatole have been compared.     

Raman spectra of alcohols: Intensity measurements

The peak, integrated and standard intensities of some prominent Raman lines in twelve alcohols are estimated. The standard intensities of the lines due to some characteristic bonds in various alcohols are compared and large variations observed.     

Zum Konzept der charakteristischen Intensitäten der Resonanz-Ramanlinien von Azofarbstoffen

The resonance Raman spectra of the solutions of some azobenzene and hydroxyazonaphthalene compounds were investigated. The relative corrected scattering coefficientsS of the lines have been measured. Assuming the existence of a characteristic intensity, the frequency dependence and the influence of data of the long-wavelength electronic absorption band has been discussed. Testing formulas for intensity dependence in this way it has been shown, that they cannot exactly describe resonance Raman intensities, because there is the problem of the “effective” electronic absorption band. This was studied by comparison of the intensities of several azonaphthalene lines, excited by the mercury lines 4358 and 5461 Å.     

Effect of stimulated raman scattering on the formation of the random lasing spectrum of dyes

The nature of the line structure of the random lasing spectrum of vesicular films activated by dyes (rhodamine 6G, pyrromethene 597) has been analyzed. The spectral lines appear above the random lasing threshold and are manifested only within the spectrum of the amplified spontaneous radiation of dye molecules against the continuous-pedestal background. Their intensities are proportional to the product of the intensities of the pump and continuous spectrum at the frequencies of these lines, and the frequencies are exactly reproduced from pulse to pulse. The shifts of the lines are strongly correlated with the pump frequency and the frequencies of these lines coincide with the frequencies of the Raman scattering lines of dye molecules. Using these properties, it has been shown that the observed lines are due to stimulated resonant Raman scattering by dye molecules, which occurs simultaneously with the stimulated emission of these molecules. These two processes affect each other and jointly form a united nonlinear process where all of the oscillations active in Raman scattering are manifested.     

Light scattering spectra of guided wave polaritons in thin crystals: Experiment

Guided wave polaritons (GWP) of thin crystals have been studied by near- forward Raman scattering experiments on GaP crystals of ≈ 5–35 μm thickness. The dispersion of these modes agrees well with theoretical predictions, but their Raman scattering intensities cannot be described completely by bulk Raman tensors. We discuss the temperature dependence of the observed frequencies of the modes.     

离子注入GaN的拉曼散射研究

研究了离子注入前后GaN的拉曼散射光谱,特别是其中几个在各种离子注入后都存在的拉曼散射峰,如298,362和661cm-1峰的性质,峰值强度随注入元素原子量、注入剂量和退火温度的变化关系.上述三个拉曼散射峰的强度都随注入元素原子量的增加而降低.当注入剂量增大时,362和661cm-1峰值强度减少,而298cm-1峰值强度却增大.随退火温度的升高,这三个拉曼散射峰的强度先增加后降低.对所观察到的实验现象和这三个峰的起源进行了分析和讨论. 关键词： GaN 离子注入 拉曼散射 局域振动     

层析滤纸拉曼光谱特性研究

为了研究层析滤纸在表面增强拉曼光谱和层析技术联用中的影响。在785 nm激发波长下分别测试了层析滤纸, 涂布银胶后层析滤纸的拉曼特征谱, 以及氧化乐果在层析滤纸上的拉曼光谱和表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)。结果表明, 层析滤纸在800~1500 cm-1光谱区域具有丰富的拉曼特征峰, 分析认为主要来源于纤维素, 并对其进行了归属; 涂布银胶后, 由于银颗粒的作用, 层析滤纸拉曼强度整体降低, 并发生特征峰相对强度的变化; 同时, 氧化乐果在层析滤纸上的SERS谱也表明涂布银胶能够有效抑制层析滤纸拉曼特征峰, 增强待测物质拉曼强度, 但在800~1500 cm-1光谱区域仍需考虑层析滤纸的影响。     

Temperature dependence of the raman spectra of carbon nanotubes with 1064 nm excitation

In this report, the near infrared 1064 nm line of an Nd:YAG laser, which has strong thermal effect, was used as the excitation. A temperature dependence of the Raman spectra of carbon nanotubes was observed at different temperatures by varying the incident laser power. The results show that the relative Raman intensities to the tangential stretching mode (G mode) of the higher-order Raman modes within 2500–3500 cm⁻¹ increase with increasing excitation laser power at the sample and the changes in the relative Raman intensities are linear in the excitation laser power. This has not been reported elsewhere. Thorough analysis shows that this is a temperature dependence of double-phonon Raman scattering and maybe provide important information for the studying of CNTs and double-phonon Raman scattering.     

Theory of Raman scattering in magnetically ordered phases of EuSe and EuTe

The first order Raman scattering in various phases of EuSe and EuTe was theoretically studied. The Raman lines which depend on spin structures are caused via the spin-dependent polarizabilities. The phonon dispersion relations of the crystals were calculated on the breathing shell model. The Stokes shifts and intensities of the Raman lines, and their polarization selection rules obtained from the present theory are in good agreement with experiments.     

Calculation of torsional and rotational raman spectra of hydrogen peroxide

We present calculated intensity distributions in torsional, rotational, and torsional-rotational Raman lines in spectra of hydrogen peroxide. Ab initio calculations of polarizability tensor components as functions of internal rotation angle were carried out in the HF/6-311G approximation. It is shown that the structure and transformational properties of the polarizability tensor components of hydrogen peroxide in extended molecular symmetry group G₄(EM) permit formation of purely rotational and torsional and rotational-torsional Raman spectra. Common expressions to calculate Raman line intensities governed by torsional and rotational motions of the non-rigid symmetric top molecule are obtained. The torsional components of the line intensities have been calculated by estimating the appropriate matrix elements. The contribution of rotational components has been calculated using the 3j-symbols technique.     

Light scattering by spin excitations in copper-oxide-based materials

In this paper we present a study of spin dynamics in CuO, Bi₂CuO₄and CuGeO₃single crystals using Raman spectroscopy. The measurements of polarized Raman scattering spectra are performed in the temperature region from 10 to 300 K in various frequency ranges. We found and assigned the lines in the spectra that belong to magnetically ordered phases. The origin of these excitations, based on the temperature dependence of their energies, linewidths and symmetry arguments, is given. Also, we present calculations of two-magnon intensities, based on the densities of states, and compare them with experimental data.     

Optical spectroscopy study of damage evolution in 6H-SiC by H_2~+ implantation

Lattice defects induced by ion implantation into Si C have been widely investigated in the decades by various techniques. One of the non-destructive techniques suitable to study the lattice defects in Si C is the optical characterization. In this work, confocal Raman scattering spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectrum have been used to study the effects of 134-ke V H_2~+ implantation and thermal treatment in the microstructure of 6 H-Si C single crystal. The radiation-induced changes in the microstructure were assessed by integrating Raman-scattering peaks intensity and considering the asymmetry of Raman-scattering peaks. The integrated intensities of Raman scattering spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectrum decrease with increasing the fluence. The recovery of the optical intensities depends on the combination of the implantation temperature and the annealing temperature with the thermal treatment from 700℃ to 1100℃. The different characterizations of Raman scattering spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectrum are compared and discussed in this study.     

Raman scattering investigation and symmetry analysis of ferroelectric/ferroelastic Sb5O7I polytype 2MA

The polytype 2MA (-Sb₅O₇I) has the simplest acentric structure of the antimony oxideiodide family. It undergoes an antiferrodistortive phase transition at 438K and is both ferroelectric and ferroelastic below that temperature. The complete polarized Raman spectra in the ferroic phase have been measured and compared with those of the ferroelastic, centric polytype 2MC (-Sb₅O₇I). Several lines could be attributed to Sb—0 and Sb—I vibrations. A factor group analysis has been performed and compatibility relations have been established connecting phonon species in the low and high temperature phase. As a function of temperature the spectra revealed a strongly temperature dependent central line and several phonon lines whose intensities vanish aboveT _c . Using these phonon line intensities the temperature variation of the order parameter could be determined. The experimental results indicate that the phase transition is of first order.     

低温低压氢等离子体的光谱分析

采用螺旋波激发氢等离子体,测得氢的Balmer线系前三条谱线的强度.利用二谱线法求电子温度Te,并由Hβ的Stark展宽得到电子密度Ne,简要分析了Te、Ne以及强度与各种参数之间的关系.     

Anomalous temperature dependence of phonons and photoluminescence bands in pyrochlore Er2Ti2O7: signatures of structural deformation at 130 K

We report a Raman study of single crystal pyrochlore Er(2)Ti(2)O(7) as a function of temperature from 12 to 300 K. In addition to the phonons, various photoluminescence (PL) lines of Er(3+) in the visible range are also observed. Our Raman data show an anomalous red-shift of two phonons (one at ~200 cm(-1) and another at ~520 cm(-1)) upon cooling from room temperature which is attributed to phonon-phonon anharmonic interactions. However, the phonons at ~310, 330, and 690 cm(-1) initially show a blue-shift upon cooling from room temperature down to about 130 K, followed by a red-shift, indicating a structural deformation at ~130 K. The intensities of the PL bands associated with the transitions between the various levels of the ground state manifold ((4)I(15/2)) and the (2)H(11/2) as well as (4)S(3/2) excited state manifolds of Er(3+) show a change at ~130 K. Moreover, the temperature dependence of the peak position of the two PL bands shows a change in their slope (dω/dT) at ~130 K, thus further strengthening the proposal of a structural deformation. The temperature dependence of the peak positions of the PL bands has been analyzed using the theory of optical dephasing in crystals.