The expansion of a semigroup and a Riesz basis criterion

Problems on the expansion of a semigroup and a criterion for being a Riesz basis are discussed in the present paper. Suppose that A is the generator of a C₀ semigroup on a Hilbert space and σ(A)=σ₁(A)∪σ₂(A) with σ₂(A) is consisted of isolated eigenvalues distributed in a vertical strip. It is proved that if σ₂(A) is separated and for each λ∈σ₂(A), the dimension of its root subspace is uniformly bounded, then the generalized eigenvectors associated with σ₂(A) form an L-basis. Under different conditions on the Riesz projection, the expansion of a semigroup is studied. In particular, a simple criterion for the generalized eigenvectors forming a Riesz basis is given. As an application, a heat exchanger problem with boundary feedback is investigated. It is proved that the heat exchanger system is a Riesz system in a suitable state Hilbert space.     

Basis Property of a Rayleigh Beam with Boundary Stabilization

A Rayleigh beam equation with boundary stabilization control is considered. Using an abstract result on the Riesz basis generation of discrete operators in Hilbert spaces, we show that the closed-loop system is a Riesz spectral system; that is, there is a sequence of generalized eigenfunctions of the system, which forms a Riesz basis in the state Hilbert space. The spectrum-determined growth condition, distribution of eigenvalues, as well as stability of the system are developed. This paper generalizes the results in Ref. 1.     

Geometric properties of root vectors for equation of nonhomogeneous damped string: transformation operators method

The spectral decomposition theorem for a class of nonselfadjoint operators in a Hilbert space is obtained in the paper. These operators are the dynamics generators for the systems governed by 1–dim hyperbolic equations with spatially nonhomogeneous coefficients containing first order damping terms and subject to linear nonselfadjoint boundary conditions. These equations and boundary conditions describe, in particular, a spatially nonhomogeneous string subject to a distributed viscous damping and also damped at the boundary points. The main result leading to the spectral decomposition is the fact that the generalized eigenvectors (root vectors) of the above operators form Riesz bases in the corresponding energy spaces. The proofs are based on the transformation operators method. The classical concept of transformation operators is extended to the equation of damped string. Originally, this concept was developed by I. M. Gelfand, B. M. Levitan and V. A. Marchenko for 1–dim Schrödinger equation in connection with the inverse scattering problem. In the classical case, the transformation operator maps the exponential function (stationary wave function of the free particle) into the Jost solution of the perturbed Schrödinger equation. For the equation of a nonhomogeneous damped string, it is natural to introduce two transformation operators (outgoing and incoming transformation operators). The terminology is motivated by an analog with the Lax—Phillips scattering theory. The transformation operators method is used to reduce the Riesz bases property problem for the generalized eigenvectors to the similar problem for a system of nonharmonic exponentials whose complex frequencies are precisely the eigenvalues of our operators. The latter problem is solved based on the spectral asymptotics and known facts about exponential families. The main result presented in the paper means that the generator of a finite string with damping both in the equation and in the boundary conditions is a Riesz spectral operator. The latter result provides a class of nontrivial examples of non—selfadjoint operators which admit an analog of the spectral decomposition. The result also has significant applications in the control theory of distributed parameter systems.     

Asymptotic and Spectral Analysis of the Spatially Nonhomogeneous Timoshenko Beam Model

We develop spectral and asymptotic analysis for a class of nonselfadjoint operators which are the dynamics generators for the systems governed by the equations of the spatially nonhomogeneous Timoshenko beam model with a 2–parameter family of dissipative boundary conditions. Our results split into two groups. We prove asymptotic formulas for the spectra of the aforementioned operators (the spectrum of each operator consists of two branches of discrete complex eigenvalues and each branch has only two points of accumulation: +∞ and —∞), and for their generalized eigenvectors. Our second main result is the fact that these operators are Riesz spectral. To obtain this result, we prove that the systems of generalized eigenvectors form Riesz bases in the corresponding energy spaces. We also obtain the asymptotics of the spectra and the eigenfunctions for the nonselfadjoint polynomial operator pencils associated with these operators. The pencil asymptotics are essential for the proofs of the spectral results for the aforementioned dynamics generators.     

血红细胞时滞模型的谱及其解的结构

研究一个带有时滞的血红细胞模型的解展开问题.对模型在平衡点处线性化,并利用泛函分析方法,将线性化模型写成抽象发展方程.借助半群理论证明了方程的适定性.对系统算子细致的谱分析,得到了本征值的渐近表达式.通过对算子的Riesz谱投影范数的渐近估计,证明系统的本征向量不能构成状态空间的基,但我们仍给出了方程的解在平衡点附近按照本征向量的的渐近展开.     

Non‐self‐adjoint Bessel and Sturm–Liouville boundary value problems in limit‐circle case

It is shown in the limit‐circle case that system of root functions of the non‐self‐adjoint maximal dissipative (accumulative) Bessel operator and its perturbation Sturm–Liouville operator form a complete system in the Hilbert space. Furthermore, asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalues of the maximal dissipative (accumulative) Bessel operators is investigated, and it is proved that system of root functions form a basis (Riesz and Bari bases) in the same Hilbert space. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Riesz basis property of discrete operators and application to a Euler-Bernoulli beam equation with boundary linear feedback control

In this paper, we give an abstract condition of Riesz basisgeneration for discrete operators in Hilbert spaces, from whichwe show that the generalized eigenfunctions of a Euler–Bernoullibeam equation with boundary linear feedback control form a Rieszbasis for the state Hilbert space. As an consequence, the asymptoticexpression of eigenvalues together with exponential stabilityare readily presented.     

Exponential and Super Stability of a Wave Network

In this paper, we investigate the spectral distribution and stability of a star-shaped wave network with N edges, of which the feedback gain constants fail to satisfy the assumptions for Riesz basis generation. By a detailed spectral analysis, we present the explicit expressions of the spectra, which consist of simple eigenvalues located on a vertical line in the complex left half-plane. In addition we show that the eigenvectors are not complete in the state space. Further, we decompose the state space into the spectral-subspace and another invariant subspace of infinite dimension, which form a topological direct sum. We prove that, in the spectral-subspace, the solution can be expanded according to the eigenvectors, and hence the solution is exponentially stable; in the other subspace, the associated semigroup is super-stable, i.e., the solution is identical to zero after finite time. In particular, we give the explicit decay rate and the maximum existence time of the nonzero part of the solution.     

Spectral analysis and stabilization of one dimensional wave equation with singular potential

In this paper, we are interested in a boundary damped wave problem with a singular potential. Using a careful spectral analysis, asymptotic expressions of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the system operator are derived in terms of the dissipative coefficient and the potential. The Riesz basis property of eigenfunctions and generalized eigenfunctions is also studied. As a consequence, we obtained the exponential stability.     

具有扭转耦合效应的复合薄壁梁黎斯基的性质和指数稳定性(英文)

研究了具有扭转耦合效应的复合薄壁梁黎斯基的性质以及指数稳定性.首先证明该系统决定算子的预解式是紧的,且可生成群.其次,通过对该系统算子谱的渐近分析,证明了除至多有限个本征值外,其算子的谱是单重可分离的.特殊地,我们获得了自由系统的频率渐近表达式,因而利用克尔德什定理,证明了在希尔伯特状态空间中算子广义本征函数列的完备性.最后,结合黎斯基的性质及算子谱的分布证明了该系统的指数稳定性.     

具有边界控制的线性Timoshenko型系统的指数稳定性

研究多孔弹性材料在实际应用中的稳定性问题.多孔物体的动力学行为由线性Timoshenko型方程描述,这样的系统一般只是渐近稳定但不指数稳定,假定系统在一端简单支撑,另一端自由,在自由端对系统施加边界反馈控制,讨论闭环系统的适定性和指数稳定性.首先,证明了由闭环系统决定的算子A是预解紧的耗散算子、生成C0压缩半群,从而得到了系统的适定性.进一步通过对系统算子A的本征值的渐近值估计,得到算子谱分布在一个带域,相互分离的,模充分大的本征值都是A的简单本征值.通过引入一个辅助算子A0,利用算子A0的谱性质以及算子A与A0之间的关系,得到了A的广义本征向量的完整性以及Riesz基性质.最后利用Riesz基性质和谱分布得到闭环系统的指数稳定性.     

Exponential stability of uniform Euler–Bernoulli beams with non-collocated boundary controllers

We study the stability of a robot system composed of two Euler–Bernoulli beams with non-collocated controllers. By the detailed spectral analysis, we prove that the asymptotical spectra of the system are distributed in the complex left-half plane and there is a sequence of the generalized eigenfunctions that forms a Riesz basis in the energy space. Since there exist at most finitely many spectral points of the system in the right half-plane, to obtain the exponential stability, we show that one can choose suitable feedback gains such that all eigenvalues of the system are located in the left half-plane. Hence the Riesz basis property ensures that the system is exponentially stable. Finally we give some simulation for spectra of the system.     

四元数Hilbert空间中Riesz基的刻画*

四元数Hilbert空间在应用物理科学特别是量子物理中占有重要地位.本文讨论四元数Hilbert空间的框架理论, 在四元数Hilbert空间中引入了Riesz基的概念, 在此基础上刻画了Riesz基,给出了它们的一些等价条件; 特别地, 得到了四元数Hilbert空间中的一个序列是Riesz基的充要条件是它是一个具有双正交序列的完备Bessel序列,且它的双正交序列也是一个完备Bessel序列; 并进一步证明了双正交序列中一个序列的完备性可以从特征刻画中去除.文中举例说明了双正交性、完备性和Bessel性质之间的关系.     

Riesz basis generation and boundary stabilization of two strings connected by a point mass with variable coefficients

In this paper, we study the Riesz basis property and the problem of stabilization of two vibrating strings connected by a point mass with variable physical coefficients under a boundary feedback control acts at one extreme point and Dirichlet boundary condition on the other end. It is shown that the system has a sequence of generalized eigenfunctions which forms a Riesz basis for the state Hilbert space. By a detailed spectral analysis, it is proved that this hybrid system is asymptotically stable but not exponentially stable.     

Riesz basis property of root vectors of non‐self‐adjoint operators generated by aircraft wing model in subsonic airflow

This paper is the third in a series of several works devoted to the asymptotic and spectral analysis of a model of an aircraft wing in a subsonic air flow. This model has been developed in the Flight Systems Research Center of UCLA and is presented in the works by Balakrishnan. The model is governed by a system of two coupled integro‐differential equations and a two‐parameter family of boundary conditions modeling the action of the self‐straining actuators. The differential parts of the above equations form a coupled linear hyperbolic system; the integral parts are of the convolution type. The system of equations of motion is equivalent to a single operator evolution–convolution equation in the energy space. The Laplace transform of the solution of this equation can be represented in terms of the so‐called generalized resolvent operator, which is an operator‐valued function of the spectral parameter. This generalized resolvent operator is a finite‐meromorphic function on the complex plane having the branch cut along the negative real semi‐axis. Its poles are precisely the aeroelastic modes and the residues at these poles are the projectors on the generalized eigenspaces. In the first two papers (see [33, 34]) and in the present one, our main object of interest is the dynamics generator of the differential parts of the system. This generator is a non‐self‐adjoint operator in the energy space with a purely discrete spectrum. In the first paper, we have shown that the spectrum consists of two branches, and have derived their precise spectral asymptotics with respect to the eigenvalue number. In the second paper, we have derived the asymptotical approximations for the mode shapes. Based on the asymptotical results of the first two papers, in the present paper, we (a) prove that the set of the generalized eigenvectors of the aforementioned differential operator is complete in the energy space; (b) construct the set of vectors which is biorthogonal to the set of the generalized eigenvectors in the case when there might be not only eigenvectors but associate vectors as well; and (c) prove that the set of the generalized eigenvectors forms a Riesz basis in the energy space. To prove the main result of the paper, we made use of the Nagy–Foias functional model for non‐self‐adjoint operators. The results of all three papers will be important for the reconstruction of the solution of the original initial‐boundary‐value problem from its Laplace transform in the forthcoming papers. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于连接梁的最优衰减率问题

研究具有耗散结点的连接梁的最优指数衰减率问题,该系统由于能量的衰减而导致弯矩在结点处间断,我们的方法是证明系统的一组广义征元生成状态空间的Riesz基,从而证明最优指数衰减率可由系统的谱确定。     

The group and Riesz basis properties of string systems with time delay and exact controllability with boundary control

^** Email: gqxu{at}tju.edu.cn^*** Email: Jiajg{at}mailst.xjtu.edu.cn The group property of a string system with time delay in boundaryand the Riesz basis property of eigenvectors of the system arediscussed in the present paper. It is proved that, when thefeedback with delay > 0, the system also associates a C₀group, and its eigenvectors (generalized eigenvectors) forma Riesz basis in Hilbert space . This result shows that timedelay may destroy the stability of the system, but the groupand Riesz basis properties are kept. As a consequence, the exactcontrollability of the system with boundary control is given.     

星形热弹性网络系统的稳定性及Riesz基性质

研究了一类星形弹性网络系统在热效应影响以及边界反馈作用下的稳定性问题及系统相应（广义）特征向量的Riesz基性质．基于Green和Naghdi第二类热弹性理论,假设在该热弹性系统中热以有限波速传播,并且在传播过程中无能量耗散．证明了该热弹性网络系统能量渐近衰减到零．并进一步通过系统算子谱分析,讨论得出该系统算子的（广义）特征向量构成状态空间的一组Riesz基．     

Properties of the spectrum in the John problem on a freely floating submerged body in a finite basin

We consider a problem on the interaction of surface waves with a freely floating submerged body, which combines a spectral Steklov problem with a system of algebraic equations. We reduce this spectral problem to a quadratic pencil and then to the standard spectral equation for a self-adjoint operator in a certain Hilbert space. In addition to general properties of the spectrum, we investigate the asymptotics of eigenvalues and eigenvectors with respect to an intrinsic small parameter.