可溶性导聚苯胺的研究进展

本文综述了可溶性导电聚苯胺的研究进展，评述了制备水溶性导电聚苯胺的各种方法，指出了水溶性聚苯胺的研究方向。     

水溶性导电聚苯胺的制备

水溶性聚苯胺在防腐涂料、电磁屏蔽、生物医学等领域有重要应用前景。该文结合本研究组在水溶性聚苯胺自支撑膜方面的研究进展,总结了水溶性聚苯胺的制备方法,并重点综述了用嵌段和接枝等共聚法制备的水溶性聚苯胺及其共聚机理,提出水溶性导电聚苯胺今后的研究方向。     

水基导电聚苯胺及其复合材料

由于对离子诱导掺杂技术的发展,聚苯胺在有机溶剂中的加工问题已经得到解决,但日益增长的环保要求使得聚苯胺的水系加工倍受关注.本文通过分析聚苯胺水系加工的研究进展,认为从水溶性导电聚苯胺向水分散性导电聚苯胺转变是未来水基导电聚苯胺的主要发展趋势,水基导电聚苯胺复合材料是解决聚苯胺实际应用问题的主要形式.     

我国导电聚苯胺材料研发获系列创新成果

中科院长春应化所和吉林正基科技开发有限责任公司的科技人员经过4年努力，在导电聚苯胺材料的研发方面获得了系列创新成果：在国内建立了第1条年产百吨的导电聚苯胺原料生产线、第1条年产千吨的导电聚苯胺涂料生产线；率先在国内研发出具有我国自主知识产权的聚苯胺防腐涂料、聚苯胺防腐油脂、聚苯胺防腐密封胶、聚苯胺防冻液防腐添加剂等系列高附加值聚苯胺下游产品。     

血红蛋白生物催化合成导电聚苯胺

利用血红蛋白在十二烷基磺酸钠阴离子表面活性剂胶束体系中生物催化合成水溶性导电聚苯胺/十二烷基磺酸复合物(PANI/SDS), 讨论了不同反应体系及溶液pH值对聚合反应产物的影响. 结果表明该反应具有明显的pH值依赖性, pH (1.0～4.0)是合成导电聚苯胺所必需的, 其最适pH值为3.0, 聚苯胺由导电的翠绿亚胺盐转变为本征态发生在pH 10.4. 用元素分析法、紫外-可见分光光度法、FT-IR、循环伏安法、粘度测试、电导率测试、热重分析法等对PANI/SDS复合物表征, 结果表明该复合物具有较好的热稳定性和可逆的电化学活性.     

聚苯胺/聚合物导电材料研究进展

从制备方法着手综述了近年来聚苯胺/聚合物导电材料研制开发的最新成果，并简介了聚苯胺/聚合物导电材料的应用情况。     

利用天然生物分子合成导电聚苯胺的研究

本文综述了利用多种不同的天然生物分子如蛋白质(包括酶和氨基酸)、糖类、核酸、多巴胺和柠檬汁等为模板合成导电聚苯胺的研究进展。本文首先介绍了这些天然生物分子对产物聚苯胺的手性、导电率、形态以及其它方面性质的影响,归纳了利用天然生物分子合成导电聚苯胺的研究进展,然后分析了导电聚苯胺合成过程中面临的问题并对该领域的未来发展进行了展望,以期为制备性质优良和环境友好的新型导电聚苯胺材料提供有益的参考。     

二磺酸掺杂高热稳定性导电聚苯胺的合成及性能

以有机二磺酸作为掺杂剂合成了具有高热稳定性的二磺酸掺杂导电聚苯胺。研究了反应时间、温度、酸/苯胺摩尔比等因素对产率、产物的导电率与分子量的影响。利用微波加热的方法测试有机二磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的热稳定性能，结果表明：有机二磺酸掺杂的导电聚苯胺在微波场中升温速率快，并且具有良好的反复升温性能。     

高分子量聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料的合成与表征

在导电聚合物中,聚苯胺（PANI）因其导电性能优良,环境稳定性好,合成工艺简单,原料成本低廉等优点,被认为是最有可能实际应用的导电聚合物．然而用传统方法合成的聚苯胺由于其分子量小,分子链中存在缺陷而使其导电性能和力学性能大大降低,从而限制了其实际应用．而高分子量聚苯胺的导电性能和力学性能比一般聚苯胺有较大的提高．     

聚苯胺的图形化沉积

自1976年发现第一个有机聚合物聚乙炔掺杂后具有类似金属的导电性以来，先后发现了聚吡咯、聚噻吩和聚苯胺(PAn)等导电聚合物，其中聚苯胺以其合成方法简单、稳定性好、较高的电导率及良好的电化学性能等被预言为是最有应用前景的导电高分子材料之一。近年来，随着导电聚合物研究的广泛开展和不断深入，     

Ionic liquid improves the laccase-catalyzed synthesis of water-soluble conducting polyaniline

The laccase-catalyzed polymerization of aniline in sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) micellar solution was studied in the absence and presence of an ionic liquid tetramethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([TMA]TfO). It was found that [TMA]TfO was able to lessen the negative effect of SDBS on the laccase activity, especially at high levels, and prevent the association of anilinium cation and SDBS anion. It was also found that low level of [TMA]TfO is beneficial to the synthesis of conducting polyaniline (PANI) probably due to the extension of the lifetime of aniline cation radicals by [TMA]TfO. In the presence of [TMA]TfO, all the polymerization systems were visually clear, and a maximum yield of water-soluble conducting PANI could be obtained at low level of [TMA]TfO and near the critical micelle concentration of SDBS.     

Printing polyaniline for sensor applications

In recent years, much research has focused on the development of low-cost, printed electrochemical sensor platforms for environmental monitoring and clinical diagnostics. Much effort in this area has been based on utilising the redox properties of conducting polymers, particularly polyaniline (PANI). In tackling the inherent lack of processability exhibited by these materials, several groups have examined various mass-amenable fabrication approaches to obtain suitable thin films of PANI for sensing applications. Specifically, the approaches investigated over the years include the in situ chemical synthesis of PANI, the use of sulphonated derivatives of PANI and the synthesis of aqueousbased nano-dispersions of PANI. Nano-dispersions have shown a great deal of promise for sensing applications, given that they are inkjet-printable, facilitating the patterning of conducting polymer directly to the substrate. We have shown that inkjet-printed films of PANI can be finely controlled in terms of their two-dimensional pattern, thickness, and conductivity, highlighting the level of precision achievable by inkjet printing. Utilising these nanomaterials as inkjet-printable inks opens novel, facile, and economical possibilities for conducting polymer-printed electronic applications in areas of sensing, but also many other application areas such as energy storage, displays, organic light-emitting diodes. Given that inkjet-printing is a scalable manufacturing technique, it renders possible the large-scale production of devices such as sensors for a range of applications. Several successes have emerged from our work and from the work of others in the area of applying PANI in low-cost sensor applications, which is the focus of this review.     

Electric field sensitivity of conducting hydrogels with interpenetrating polymer network structure

In this article, we reported the synthesis, structure and electric field sensitivity of polyacrylate/polyaniline (PAA/PANI) and poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl propylsulfonic acid-acrylic acid)/polyaniline [P(AMPS-AA)/PANI] conducting hydrogels with an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure. Scanning electron microscope showed that the conducting hydrogels presented porous structures consisting of PANI nanofibers. The results of Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction revealed that the PANI was in its conductive emeraldine state and partial crystallization. The unique morphology and molecular structure of the conducting hydrogels were expected to show unusual electric field responses. The conducting hydrogels were subjected to an electric field in NaCl solution for bending behaviors. It was demonstrated that the electric field response was improved by increasing aniline dosage, applied voltage and concentration of aqueous NaCl solution. The bending mechanism was attributed to polyelectrolyte hydrogel matrix and emeraldine PANI nanofibers.     

聚苯胺纳米线电导率的尺寸效应

在前期工作的基础上, 利用导电原子力显微镜法测量单根聚苯胺纳米线的电导率, 探讨了聚苯胺纳米线(PANI nanowine)电导率的尺寸效应, 发现尺寸效应与纳米线的有序性有关.     

聚苯胺纳米点阵列的制备和库仑台阶现象

本文制备了PANI纳米点阵列, 利用导电原子力显微镜(C-AFM)表征了其形貌和导电性能, 在室温下观察到PANI纳米点的库仑台阶(Coulomb staircase)现象, 并利用库仑阻塞效应的理论进行了初步的分析.     

Wide-range regulation of polyaniline conduction by interphase doping of a polyaniline film

The not-sufficient-enough conductance of semioxidized protonated polyaniline (PANI) is usually attributed to the presence of ordered quasi-metallic domains surrounded by a poorly conducting amorphous phase. The paper presents experimental results testifying to the existence, in semioxidized PANI, of multilevel redox heterogeneity that crucially effects the conductance magnitude in view of specific topology at which higher-oxidized (conducting) domains are surrounded by less oxidized (poorly conducting) domains and because the PANI conduction is extremely sensitive to the oxidation degree. It is shown experimentally that the interphase doping with metals and degenerate semiconductors of a semioxidized salt of PANI and poly(2-acrylamide-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPSA) with a 1: 2 ratio between PANI and PAMPSA raises the PANI-PAMPSA conductivity by 3–8 orders of magnitude due to the formation near the interface of thin layers whose conductance depends on the work function of the material in contact with PANI-PAMPSA and in extreme cases substantially exceeds the conductance of gold and copper at room temperature.     

Effects of polymerization media on the nanoscale conductivity and current-voltage characteristics of chemically synthesized polyaniline films

A current sensing atomic force microscope (CS-AFM) was used to probe the conducting homogeneity and band structures of fully doped polyaniline (PANI) films prepared from in situ chemical polymerization/deposition of aniline on indium tin oxide in various inorganic acids. The charge transport properties of PANI films depend on the film thickness as well as polymerization medium. Fluctuations in conductivity are observed on all acid-doped PANI films and the conducting homogeneity was dependent on the film thickness: the conductivity of thick film is more uniform. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of all thick (>200 nm) films displayed a metal-like behavior and conductivity as high as 40 S/cm was detected in high conducting regions of film thicker than 400 nm. Whereas thin (<120 nm) films revealed insulating, semiconducting, and semimetal conducting, wide distribution in conductivity and interband distances (estimated from the I-V ordI/dV-V curves) was found. The interband distances is 0-1.35, 0-1.0, and 0-0.78 eV for thin PANI film prepared from HCl(aq), HClO(4)(aq), and H2SO4(aq), respectively. PANI film (260 nm) prepared from H2SO4(aq) revealed fiberlike morphology, and compared to PANI films prepared from HCl(aq) and HClO4(aq) with similar thickness, it has higher average nanoscale conductivity but lower bulk conductivity. This result could be direct evidence which supports that the bulk conductivity of PANI depended on the carriers hopping between the conducting domains.     

静电纺丝制备荧光导电双功能复合纳米纤维及其表征

采用静电纺丝技术将导电聚苯胺(PANI)和铕/铽稀土配合物掺杂到高分子基质聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)中,制备出荧光导电复合纳米纤维。用扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光光谱仪(FL)、宽频介电松驰谱仪对荧光导电复合纳米纤维的性能进行分析,结果显示,在270nm紫外光激发下,铕系列与铽系列复合纳米纤维分别发出红光和绿光。同时,复合纳米纤维的电导率可以达到1.18×10~(-6) S/cm,两种复合纳米纤维同时具有优异的荧光性能及良好的导电功能。     

Phosphoric acid diesters protonated polyaniline: Preparation,spectroscopic properties,and processability

Aliphatic and aromatic diesters of phosphoric acid were tested as dopants improving pro-cessability of polyaniline (PANI) in its doped (conducting) state. It has been found that both aromatic and aliphatic diesters effectively protonate polyaniline, inducing at the same time its solubility. The protonated state has been confirmed by three independent spec-troscopic methods (FTIR, Raman, and UV-vis-NIR). Both aromatic and aliphatic diesters of phosphoric acid plasticize polyaniline which, in turn, allows for the preparation of highly conducting films of PANI or highly conducting blends of PANI with classical nonconducting polymers by thermal processing. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.