《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》2012年5月施行

国务院公布了修订后的《饲料和饲料添加剂管理条例》（以下简称《条例》）,《条例》自2012年5月1日起施行,内容涉及对各种大宗原料采购及质量的监控、生产工艺及过程标准体系的建立建设、饲料成品的科学储运和使用等各方面,旨在加强对饲料、饲料添加剂的管理,提高饲料、饲料添加剂的质量,从源头确保畜产品安全。     

ICP-AES法同时分析饲料资源中多种元素

某些饼粕、糟渣和青饲料,虽早已成为我国的传统饲料,但其营养价值尚未进行系统的研究和评价。目前,饲料工业已在国民经济中显示出巨大的经济潜力和作用,“饲料开发技术”已列为国家重点科技项目之一,资源调查与产品检验已列入日程,饲料及其资源中营养元素和有害元素的分析必不可少。 ICP-AES法分析饲料中多种元素,由于其良好的分析特性完全可以取代常用的化学法、比色法和原子吸收光谱法。我国饼粕、糟渣和青饲料资源品种繁多,成份各异,用一种通用的ICP-AES法分析这些样品,以评定和调查其质量,从信息容量、信息比价、时效性和适用性来说都十分有吸引力。本文报告了ICP-AES法同时测定饲料资源中Ca、Mg、Al、Fe、P、Cu、Zu、Mn、Ba、Sr、Co、Pb、Cd含量。本法应用于饲料资源调查与评价获得了令人满意的效果。     

鸡肉中稳定同位素组成与饲料和饮水关系的研究

通过稳定同位素质谱技术分析了鸡肉中的稳定同位素1δ3C和2δH值、饲料中的1δ3C值,及饮水中的1δ8O值,研究鸡肉中稳定同位素组成与肉鸡的饲料和饮水的关系,从而为动物产品的溯源技术奠定基础。分别从不同地区采集鸡肉、饲料及饮水样品,测定其1δ3C、2δH及1δ8O值。结果表明:鸡肉和饲料中的1δ3C值呈极显著的正相关(相关系数达0.782,P<0.01),鸡肉中的2δH值和饮水中的1δ8O值呈高度正相关(相关系数达0.816,P<0.01)。说明可以根据鸡肉中的1δ3C、2δH值推断肉鸡的饲料和产地。     

洋槐叶和槐花中营养成分分析的研究

用现代仪器分析方法对洋槐花和槐叶中蛋白质、还原糖、总糖、抗坏血酸、氨基态氮含量及微量元素含量进行了测试,并对其作为饲料的价值进行了分析。结果显示,洋槐花和槐叶作为饲料资源具有良好的应用前景。     

固体进样元素分析技术在农业领域的应用

重金属是农产品、农田土壤、肥料、饲料等农业样品中的重要污染物,传统的实验室分析方法需繁琐的前处理,耗时费力,无法满足重金属的快速检测需求。固体进样元素分析技术具有简化样品前处理、便捷、绿色、高效等优势,在农业领域中元素的快速检测分析中具有良好的应用前景。通过对固体进样元素分析技术,包括样品导入技术和电热蒸发、电感加热、激光烧蚀、X射线荧光光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱等固体进样分析系统进行综述,并对这些技术在农业领域中的应用做了进一步的梳理。固体进样分析技术已在农业样品中元素的快速检测、现场监测、风险评估等工作中发挥着举足轻重的作用,相信随着仪器研发、材料科学、机器学习等新兴技术的快速发展,其结构小巧、使用简单、分析迅速等优势将会充分发挥,为农业领域中质量安全监管提供一种更为有效、可靠的快速检测手段。     

饲料中激素类药物及其检测技术研究进展

综述了饲料中常用激素类药物的现状及分析技术。对激素类药物的种类、化学特性,应用情况及危害性进行了分析,对饲料中激素类药物残留的前处理和检测方法进行了介绍。重点研究关注了激素类药物和分析方法的异同,从而了解和掌握该领域发展动态,为建立健全相关的限量标准和检测方法提供参考。     

NIRS分析技术在饲料品质检测中的应用

简介近红外光谱（Near Infrared Spectroscopy,NIRS)分析技术的优点，原理和应用，并重点对其在饲料品质检测中的应用进行综述（引用文献共51篇）。     

岩石矿物分析

评述了2004年6月～2006年6月期间国内在岩石矿物分析领域的现状及进展概况。内容包括综述与会议、试样的前处理、重量法和容量法、光度法、原子光谱法、电化学分析法、X射线荧光光谱法、色谱、质谱及中子活化分析法、化学物相分析及形态分析、联用技术、质量控制及标准方法等。收集文献352篇。     

岩石矿物分析

评述了2006年6月-2008年5月期间国内在岩石矿物分析领域的研究与应用现状及进展概况。内容包括综述与会议、试样的前处理、滴定法和重量法、光度法、原子光谱法、电化学分析法、X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体质谱法及联用技术、化学物相分析及形态分析、质量控制及标准方法等。收集文献462篇。     

葡萄酒分析及成分控制新技术

在2005年的法国国际葡萄酒及果蔬技术展览会（SITEVI2005）上，便携式、傻瓜型葡萄酒分析设备大出风头，该仪器可以用射线来检测葡萄的质量。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Acid hydrolysis of carboxymethylcellulose of low degree of substitution

Cotton cellulose was swollen in a sodium hydroxide solution and carboxymethylated by a two-bath method for different periods of time for each process. The kinetics of acid hydrolysis and the crystallinity of the swollen and carboxymethylated samples were measured. The proportion of broken bonds, rate constants for hydrolysis, and permeability of cellulose to hydrolyzing agents were calculated. The susceptibility of glycosidic linkages to acid hydrolysis was improved by carboxymethylation more than by swelling in alkali. The increased accessibility of carboxymethylcellulose to acid was regarded as a consequence of increased intra-and intercrystalline swelling and of the glycosidic bonds' weakness caused by the electron-attracting carboxymethyl group on the C-6 position.     

Investigation of Kinetics of Solid-Phase Synthesis of Lithium Orthosilicate

The kinetics of the interaction between lithium carbonate and silica with various degrees of dispersion was investigated by TG and DTA methods. It was found that the utilization of pyrogenic silica with a specific surface area of about 300 m²g^-1 instead of aerosil with one of 175 m²g^-1 leads to an increase of the reaction rate between lithium carbonate and silica, which depends on the formation and growth of lithium orthosilicate crystals in the first stage, and is conditioned by the diffusion of lithium and oxygen ions through the lithium orthosilicate layer formed at temperatures above 800 K. This supposition is supported by the kinetic analysis results obtained with the use of the different models. The optimal regime of heating is recommended. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。