Influence of nitrogen and magnesium doping on the properties of ZnO films

Undoped ZnO and doped ZnO films were deposited on the MgO(111) substrates using oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam expitaxy. The orientations of the grown ZnO thin film were investigated by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction and ex situ x-ray diffraction(XRD). The film roughness was measured by atomic force microscopy, which was correlated with the grain sizes determined by XRD. Synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy was performed to study the doping effect on the electronic properties of the ZnO films, compared with density functional theory calculations.It is found that, nitrogen doping would hinder the growth of thin film, and generate the NOdefect, while magnesium doping promotes the quality of nitrogen-doped ZnO films, inhibiting(N_2)Oproduction and increasing nitrogen content.     

Magnetic field dependence of spin-spin relaxation in cerium- and neodymium magnesium nitrate

The magnetic field dependence of spin-spin-relaxation in R₂Mg₃(NO₃)₁₂·24H₂O monocrystals with R=Ce and¹⁴²Nd has been measured and ab-initio calculated. Experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement.     

Influence of the crystallographic orientation of the surface on the potential of zero charge of silver electrodes

The variation of the potential of zero charge of silver electrodes with the crystallographic orientation of the metal surface was determined for 13 faces of low and high indices. The possible interference of the reaction of electrolytic hydrogen evolution (thermodynamically possible in the range of potential where zero charge potentials are measured) with the precise determination of the values of the zero charge potential and its influence on the shape of the capacity potential curves are discussed. The variation of the potential of zero charge with the crystallographic orientation is found to parallel that of the surface energy.     

Far infrared spectroscopy of praseodymium magnesium nitrate using a polarizing interferometer

A number of contradictions exist in the published far i.r. spectra of praseodymium magnesium nitrate. Spectra recorded with improved spectrophotometric accuracy with a polarizing interferometer have enabled these to be resolved. Transitions from the ground doublet to the first excited singlet state of the Pr³⁺ ion showed no evidence of the small ground state splitting. The Zeeman splitting of this absorption is as predicted from the ground stateg-value but the components are of unequal width. Other features of the spectrum are described.     

Implications of new data on the heat capacity of tungsten for the powdered cerium magnesium nitrate temperature scale

The tungsten critical field data obtained by Black, Johnson and Wheatley on the CMN temperature scale are reanalysed, using a new value of γ. The analysis requires Δ ≠ 0 at T ? 4.5 mK, and positive temperature-independent values of Δ are ruled out.     

Influence of Cd and Cr substitutions on the magnetization and permeability of magnesium ferrites

Magnetization and permeability of polycrystalline ferrites with general formula Cd_xMg_1−xFe_2−yCr_yO₄ (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0; y=0, 0.05 and 0.10) were studied. Study of saturation magnetization reveals that the Neel's two-sublattice model exists upto x=0.4, for y=0, 0.05 and 0.1 and a three-sublattice model (YK-model) is predominant for x>0.4 and y=0, 0.05 and 0.10. The saturation magnetization and magnetic moment were found to decrease with the increase in Cr³⁺ contents, which is attributed to the dilution of B–B site interaction. Variation of initial permeability with temperature revealed the long-range ferromagnetic ordering in the compounds with x=0.4. The sample with x?0.4 and y=0, 0.05 and 0.10 showed peaking behavior near Curie temperature, which is attributed to the decrease of anisotropy constant K₁ to zero. Low-frequency dispersion of initial permeability suggests domain wall displacement. Addition of Cd²⁺ resulted in a sharp decrease in Curie temperature. With the addition of Cr³⁺, initial permeability was found to decrease.     

g-factors of the ground state rotational band of158Dy

Theg-factors of the four lowest states of the ground state rotational band of¹⁵⁸Dy have been determined asg(2 ₁ ⁺ )=+0.362(23),g(4 ₁ ^su+ )=+0.340(20),g(6 ₁ ^su+ )=+0.207(36) andg(8 ₁ ^su+ )=+0.21(11). Theg-factors of the 2⁺ and 4⁺ states were measured by the IPAC method with radioactive samples of 2.4 h¹⁵⁸Er in external magnetic fields. To investigate the higher states, for the first time an on-line γ—γ IPAC experiment was performed with the reaction¹⁵⁶Gd(α, 2n)¹⁵⁸Dy by use of the static hyperfine field of DyGd.     

Influence of crystallographic orientation of biogenic calcite on in situ Mg XANES analyses

Micro X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy at the Mg K‐edge is a useful technique for acquiring information about the environment of Mg²⁺ in biogenic calcite. These analyses can be applied to shell powders or intact shell structures. The advantage of the latter is that the XANES analyses can be applied to specific areas, at high (e.g. micrometre) spatial resolution, to determine the environment of Mg²⁺ in a biomineral context. Such in situ synchrotron analysis has to take into account the potential effect of crystallographic orientation given the anisotropy of calcite crystals and the polarized nature of X‐rays. Brachiopod shells of species with different crystallographic orientations are used to assess this crystallographic effect on in situ synchrotron measurements at the Mg K‐edge. Results show that, owing to the anisotropy of calcite, in situ X‐ray absorption spectra (XAS) are influenced by the crystallographic orientation of calcite crystals with a subsequent potentially erroneous interpretation of Mg²⁺ data. Thus, this study demonstrates the importance of crystallography for XAS analyses and, therefore, the necessity to obtain crystallographic information at high spatial resolution prior to spectroscopic analysis.     

Influence of boundary structure and near neighbor crystallographic orientation on the dynamic damage evolution during shock loading

The role of crystallographic orientation on damage evolution in ductile metals during shock loading has been investigated. By utilizing large-grained copper specimens, it has been shown that the development of intragranular damage, in the form of void growth and coalescence, is influenced by the grain orientation with respect to the applied load. Additionally, strain incompatibility and the inability to promote transmission or activation of secondary dislocation slip across a grain boundary, are proposed as the likely cause for intergranular failure. Finally, the free surface velocity profiles of each grain, specifically the decay of the oscillations after the pull-back, correlated well with the amount of damage measured within the respective grain.     

Influence of copper ions and the crystallographic orientation on the surface properties of germanium in contact with an electrolyte

The activation peculiarities and trapping and recombination center parameters caused by copper ion adsorption on a differently oriented germanium surface in contact with a neutral electrolyte were investigated. It is shown that the anisotropy of the fast surface state (FSS) parameters, including the recombination centers, agrees with those for a “pure” and a gold-doped surface, while the activation kinetics is closer to the silverdoped case. From a comparison between the results obtained in this paper and earlier results there follows that the individuality of the metal does not appear essentially in the parameters of activated FSS since these latter are quite close in all cases. It can be assumed that the metal-germanium surface layer bond is the only necessary condition for the generation of a definite kind of structural defects which perform the role of recombination and trapping centers.     

Influence of Rb,Cs, and Ba on the superconductivity of magnesium diboride

Magnesium diboride has been thermally treated in the presence of Rb, Cs, and Ba. The magnetic susceptibility shows the possible onsets of superconductivity in the resulting samples at 52 K (Rb), 58 K (Cs), and 45 K (Ba). Room-temperature ¹¹B NMR indicates the cubic symmetry of the electric field gradient at the boron site for the samples reacted with Rb and Cs, in contrast to the axial symmetry in the initial MgB₂ and in the sample treated with Ba. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Influence of temperature and alloying elements on the threshold displacement energies in concentrated Ni–Fe–Cr alloys

Concentrated solid-solution alloys(CSAs) have demonstrated promising irradiation resistance depending on their compositions. Under irradiation, various defects can be produced. One of the most important parameters characterizing the defect production and the resulting defect number is the threshold displacement energies(E_d). In this work, we report the results of E_dvalues in a series of Ni–Fe–Cr concentrated solid solution alloys through molecular dynamics(MD)simulations. Based on several different empirical potentials, we show that the differences in the E_dvalues and its angular dependence are mainly due to the stiffness of the potential in the intermediate regime. The influences of different alloying elements and temperatures on E_dvalues in different CSAs are further evaluated by calculating the defect production probabilities. Our results suggest a limited influence of alloying elements and temperature on E_dvalues in concentrated alloys. Finally, we discuss the relationship between the primary damage and E_dvalues in different alloys. Overall, this work presents a thorough study on the E_dvalues in concentrated alloys, including the influence of empirical potentials,their angular dependence, temperature dependence, and effects on primary defect production.     

介孔尺度及结构对混合硝酸盐热输运特性的影响

米用分子动力学方法模拟介孔尺度和结构对混合硝酸盐热输运特性的影啊.便用Material Studio软件分别建立不同尺度、两种结构的混合硝酸盐模型以及达到共晶状态的不同比例的NaNO₃-KNO₃模型,通过对模型进行运算并整理计算结果,对纳米尺度下混合硝酸盐热输运特性的微观机理进行分析.结果表明:太阳盐的相变温度随着纳米孔尺度的增大呈现先增加后减小的趋势,最终与宏观尺度下的熔点一致;阳离子的比例对混合硝酸盐的相变温度有很大的影响,且纳米线结构也会改变硝酸盐的相变温度.硝酸盐的体热膨胀系数随着介孔尺度的增大而减小,随着NaNO₃含量的增加而增大,随着介孔结构的改变而改变.离子之间的相互作用的增强会使导热率增大,但对定压比热容没有太大影响.