Shape-selective ethylation of biphenyl over a highly dealuminated H-mordenite

The shape-selective ethylation of biphenyl over a highly dealuminated mordenite was examined. The ethylation, occurring stepwise, resulted in the formation of ethylbiphenyls (EBP), diethylbiphenyls (DEBP) and tri- and tetraethylbiphenyls (polyethylbiphenyls, PEBP). In the first step, the ethylation was non-shape-selective and gave 17% 4-EBP, with large amounts of the bulkier 2-EBP and 3-EBP isomers. In the second step, the pores of H-mordenite differentiated the diffusion of the EBP isomers, leading to a preferential ethylation of 4-EBP; 4-EBP was consumed rapidly. 3-EBP gradually and 2-EBP did not participate in the further ethylation. Moreover, the transition state of the ethylation of 4-EBP underwent steric restriction by H-mordenite pores, leading to an increase of the selectivity of 4,4′-DEBP up to 30%. The lack of shape selectivity in the first step and the low selectivity for 4,4′-DEBP over HM220 indicate that the space of a H-mordenite pore is too large for highly shape-selective ethylation.     

m-Xylene isomerization/disproportionation selectivity over dealuminated Y zeolite

The conversion of m-xylene over dealuminated zeolite Y with different sodium exchange level has been studied. It has been established that m-xylene isomerization/disproportination selectivity depends on the concentration of the acid centers in the aluminium-deficient faujasite.

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- Y - . - /qd .

     

Alkylation of benzene by propane over zeolite-containing pentasil-alumina compositions and dealuminated pentasils

The alkylation of benzene by propane over pentasil-aluminum compositions (HTsVM--Al₂O₃) has been studied for a wide range of compositions and also over dealuminated and dehydroxylated samples. It has been established that Al₂O₃ plays little if any part in this reaction. As the proportion of HTsVM in the composition is increased the yield of alkyaromatic hydrocarbon increases, reaching a maximum (36%) for pure HTsVM. Dealumination and dehydroxylation of the HTsVM led to a significant reduction in the yield of alkylation products. It was concluded the Brønsted acid centers of the zeolite are responsible for bringing about the alkylation of benzene by the lower alkanes.DeceasedN. D. Zelinskii Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117913 Moscow. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2708–2712, December, 1992.     

m-Xylene conversion over dealuminated Y zeolites studied by the pulse method

m-Xylene conversion was studied over dealuminated Y type zeolites in hydrogen forms, SiO₂ to Al₂O₃ ratios were varied from 4.86 to 12.95.

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- . SiO₂/Al₂O₃ 4,86 12,95.

     

Shape selectivity of aluminium deficient mordenites

The liquid-phase hydrogenation of isododecenes has been investigated in the presence of a 0.5% Pd–Al₂O₃ catalyst suspended in n-heptane. A kinetic equation was derived and the rate constants were determined.

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0,5% Pd–Al₂O₃, -. .

     

Toluene and m-xylene complexes of the chlorine atom: Reactivity toward toluene and m-xylene

Rate constants for the reactions of toluene-chlorine complex+toluene (k=5.1×10⁵ dm³ mol^–1 s^–1) and m-xylene-chlorine complex+m-xylene (k=6.8×10⁴ dm³ mol^–1 s^–1) have been measured in laser flash photolysis experiments using nitrogen trichloride as chlorine atom source in carbon tetrachloride solvent at room temperature. We found that the stability of the chlorine atom complexes increases while the reactivity decreases with increasing methyl substitution.

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(k=5,1×10⁵ ·^–1·^–1) - (k=6,8×10⁴ ·^–1·^–1) . .

     

Adsorption study of dealuminated HY zeolites

Pyridine (py) and acetic acid (Ac) adsorption on dealuminated HY zeolites with Al content in the range of 3.9–58 per unit cell (U.C.) was studied at 553 K by a flow-gravimetric technique. The ratio of the number of adsorbed py and Ac molecules to the number of Al atoms was plotted as a function of the Al content. The plot passes through a maximum for py and a minimum for Ac. The extrema are at about 30 Al/U.C.

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(Py) (Ac) HY Al 3,9–58 (U.C.) 553 . Py Ac Al Al. Py Ac. 30 Al/U.C..

     

SAPO分子筛的二甲苯异构化反应性能研究——酸性和孔结构对其催化性能的影响

采用水热法合成了SAPO-5、SAPO1-1、SAPO-41分子筛,并以间二甲苯异构化反应为模型反应,考察了SAPO-5、SAPO-11、SAPO-41的催化性能;运用XRD、BET、吸附吡啶的FT IR等手段表征了SAPO的结构和酸性。结果表明,在合成投料比相同的情况下,SAPO-11具有最大的较强B酸量,表现出了最好的间二甲苯异构催化活性。SAPO-5因为较强B酸中心数目少,异构催化活性最差。三种分子筛的间二甲苯异构化催化活性和较强B酸中心的分布均呈SAPO-5＜SAPO-41≈SAPO-11顺序排列。较强B酸中心的分布是决定催化剂异构化活性的主要因素。中孔分子筛SAPO-11、SAPO-41孔道直径与对位产物的直径接近,对位选择性比大孔分子筛SAPO-5好。     

Hydroisomerization of n-heptane over bimetal-bearing H3PW12O40 catalysts supported on dealuminated USY zeolite

The bimetal-bearing (CePt or LaPt) 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ (PW)) catalysts supported on dealuminated USY zeolite (DUSY) were prepared by impregnation and characterized by XRD, BET, IR, and H₂-chemisorption. Their catalytic activities were tested in the hydroisomerization of n-heptane with a continuous atmospheric fixed-bed reactor. After the steam treatment combined with the acid leaching, as well as the supporting with PW and the bimetals, the DUSY support retains the Y zeolite porosity and the PW well keeps its Keggin structure in catalysts. The doping of Ce into the catalysts enhances the dispersion of Pt on the catalyst surface. The Pt-bearing PW catalysts doped with Ce or La, especially Ce, exhibit much higher catalytic activity and selectivity than the catalysts without dopants at lowered reaction temperatures. At the optimal reaction conditions, i.e., the reaction temperature of 250°C and WHSV of 1.4 h^?1, the catalyst with a Pt loading of 0.4%, PW loading of 10% and a molar ratio of Ce to Pt of 15:1 shows a conversion of n-heptane of 70.3% with a high selectivity for isomerization products of 94.1%.     

Structural and acidic characteristics of Cu-Ni-modified acid-leached mordenites

Two series of dealuminated Na-mordenite zeolites (DML and DMH) were impregnated, in comparison with the parent nondealuminated NaMSP, in aqueous nitrate solutions of Cu and Ni to achieve varying loadings for both of the cations. These samples were characterized by N(2) adsorption, XRD, DSC of ammonia desorption, ammonia volumetric sorption, IR of ammonia adsorption, and FTIR-photoacoustic (FTIR-PAS) techniques. The FTIR-PAS spectrum of CuNi-loaded NaMSP shows a band at 935 cm(-1) ascribed to O(3)Siz.sbnd;Oz.sbnd;SiO(3) linkages produced as a result of dealumination caused by the synergistic effect of Cu and Ni cations under the preparation conditions. As a confirmation, this band was intensified upon acid dealumination (DML) where, at the extent of dealumination (DMH), collapsing of the zeolite structure was obtained subsequent to cation modification. In addition, the dealumination effect was markedly enhanced upon increasing the load of Cu in proportion to Ni. A total erosion of OH group characteristics of Siz.sbnd;(OH)z.sbnd;Al at 3610 cm(-1) was depicted when the Ni content exceed that of Cu where it did not show any change when the Cu content surpasses that of Ni. The amount of adsorbed ammonia measured volumetrically was enlarged after dealumination as well as after increasing the contents of the modificating cations. The IR study of ammonia adsorption revealed a band at 1428 cm(-1), in either nondealuminated or dealuminated-modified samples, assigned to stronger Bronsted acid sites than those at 1455 cm(-1). The band at 1428 cm(-1) was markedly enhanced in the latter samples than in the former. This was due in part to the replacement of the protons by cations, producing sufficiently mobile protons. In conformity, DeltaH values obtained for DSC effects via ammonia desorption were enhanced after dealumination. Other correlations with XRD and surface texturing on one hand and the structural variations following cations incorporation on the other hand are evaluated and discussed.     

脱铝Y型沸石铝化的研究

以不同浓度的KOH溶液分别处理SDY和EDY制备了ASDY和AEDY系列样品。然后采用XRD, FTIR, NH3TPD, 低温N2吸附及正庚烷裂解反应来表征ASDY和AEDY样品的孔结构, 酸性及催化性能的变化。证实了KOH溶液溶解非骨架铝后, 铝原子重新进入SDY的骨架, 导致Si/Al比降低。而且还发现在一定浓度的KOH溶液处理SDY时, 有部分骨架Si被脱出。在没有外加铝源的情况下, KOH溶液也可以铝化EDY样品, KOH溶液首先溶解EDY表面相及二次孔周围的沸石骨架, 然后这些溶解下来的铝碎片再填充到EDY的骨架空位中去, 致使其Si/Al比降低。     

Adsorption of methanol on sodium faujasites and mordenites

Calorimetry and IR spectroscopy were used to study the adsorption of methanol on faujasites and mordenites with different Si/Al ratios. It was shown that the disturbance of the OH bonds in CH₃OH weakens and the heat of adsorption decreases as the cation content in the zeolites decreases. The protic acid sites in decationized mordenite form strong hydrogen bonds with the adsorbed molecules.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 3, pp. 476–479, March, 1993.     

Controlled release of Ibuprofen from dealuminated faujasites

Four dealuminated faujasite samples have been employed as matrices for Ibuprofen adsorption and in vitro drug delivery with the aim of adapting the pore size to the size of the drug molecule and to study the influence of Al content upon the drug delivery. Ca. 15 wt% of Ibuprofen is adsorbed in the zeolite cavities. FTIR shows that the zeolite hydroxyl groups interact with Ibuprofen and, in addition, carboxylate species bonded to extraframework Al species are detected in the most dealuminated samples. Two stages are observed in the Ibuprofen delivery. In the first hours, the release is governed by a diffusion process, showing a similar delivery rate independently of the Al content. However, after this stage, the Al content is determinant in drug delivery, being the release faster when the framework Si/Al ratio increases up to 22, and then decreases for Si/Al=62. The behaviour of the highly dealuminated material is probably due to the predominance of Van der Waals interaction between the drug and the siliceous zeolite framework.