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Denaturation experiments show that the larger part of organically bound tritium (OBT) consists of buried tritium and is not bound to carbon, as has been traditionally assumed. The logistical growth analysis of hydrogen isotopes in dry plant matter reveals a larger rate of increase of OBT than organically bound hydrogen (OBH). This is reflected by tritium accumulation for 1.4 and 2 in the primary hydration shell and in the base-pairing hydrogens of DNA respectively. If tritons and protons are considered as quantum mechanical entities, the accumulative tritium transfer from water to the hydrogen bonds of biopolymers is generally valid. Growth experiments confirm the assumed rapid isotope exchange in vivo, which is not observed in vitro by denaturation. 相似文献
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用LiNO3、Mn(Ac)2•4H2O和柠檬酸的混合溶液填充聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯胶体晶体模板, 在空气中氧化焙烧, 制备出三维有序大孔尖晶石型锂锰氧化物Li1.6Mn1.6O4. 前驱体经过0.1 mol/L盐酸脱锂后获得相应的三维有序大孔锂离子筛, 其大孔直径和孔壁厚度分别为240 nm和50 nm左右. XRD测试结果表明, Li1.6Mn1.6O4、锂离子筛和吸锂后的样品均保持尖晶石结构. 三维有序大孔材料呈现彼此连通的孔道空间, 缩短了Li+的平衡吸附时间, 前驱体脱锂率在80 ℃时达到95%, 而锰的溶损率在低于60 ℃时小于2.5%. 溶液温度对Li+的交换能力影响很大, 升高温度, Li+与H+的可逆交换程度增大, Li+的最大吸附容量为56.7 mg/g, 但处于锰16d八面体缺陷位置的氢难于被交换. pH滴定和分配系数(Kd)分析表明, 该固体酸在Li+, Na+和K+共存溶液中对Li+的吸附具有较高的选择性. 相似文献
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Dr. Chenglong Deng Dr. Binbin Yang Dr. Yaohui Liang Dr. Yi Zhao Boshun Gui Dr. Chuanyu Hou Dr. Yanxin Shang Jinxiang Zhang Dr. Tinglu Song Prof. Xuzhong Gong Prof. Nan Chen Prof. Feng Wu Prof. Renjie Chen 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2024,136(17):e202400619
The unstable interface between Li metal and ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes triggers continuous side reactions and uncontrolled dendrite growth, significantly impacting the lifespan of Li metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, a bipolar polymeric protective layer (BPPL) is developed using cyanoethyl (−CH2CH2C≡N) and hydroxyl (−OH) polar groups, aiming to prevent EC-induced corrosion and facilitating rapid, uniform Li+ ion transport. Hydrogen-bonding interactions between −OH and EC facilitates the Li+ desolvation process and effectively traps free EC molecules, thereby eliminating parasitic reactions. Meanwhile, the −CH2CH2C≡N group anchors TFSI− anions through ion-dipole interactions, enhancing Li+ transport and eliminating concentration polarization, ultimately suppressing the growth of Li dendrite. This BPPL enabling Li|Li cell stable cycling over 750 cycles at 10 mA cm−2 for 2 mAh cm−2. The Li|LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and Li|LiFePO4 full cells display superior electrochemical performance. The BPPL provides a practical strategy to enhanced stability and performance in LMBs application. 相似文献
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Cuiping Gao Yunlong Wang Yu Xia Haixian Liu Weiguo Cheng Yi Xie Yuesuo Yang 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(9)
Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and enantiomer specific isotope analysis (ESIA) are powerful tools for assessing the fate of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) in the environment. However, there is no systematic study on the CSIA and ESIA analysis test methods of the carbon isotopes of HCHs in water and soil environments, in particular the isotope fractionation in the pre-concentration process. We endeavored to test the compatibility of CSIA and ESIA with the liquid–liquid extraction method of HCHs in water. The results showed that there were negligible changes in the δ13C of HCHs after extraction, indicating that liquid–liquid extraction can be used as a pre-concentration method for the determination of δ13C of HCHs in water. The optimized method was validated and then applied to differentiate three HCHs from different manufacturers, to identify in situ degradation of HCHs of groundwater from a contaminated site and to resolve the carbon isotope fractionation occurring in the α-HCH oxidation by CaO2/Fe(II) Fenton system. The results showed that the same reagents from different manufacturers have different carbon isotope compositions, and different isomers from the same manufacturer also have different isotope compositions, showing useful evidence in identifying the source of HCHs. The more enriched δ13C in the down-gradient wells indicated that HCHs have undergone biodegradation or/and chemical reactions in the groundwater system of the site. Carbon isotopic enrichment factors (εC) of −1.90 ± 0.10‰ were obtained in the oxidation process. Hence, the method validated in this study has great potential as a method for identifying the degradation of HCHs in a water environment. 相似文献
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改性聚偏氟乙烯接枝共混聚苯乙烯磺酸膜的制备与性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将苯乙烯添加到溶有原硅酸钠改性的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)N-甲基吡咯烷酮溶液中, 以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作引发剂, 苯乙烯直接接枝到原硅酸钠改性的PVDF链上, 成膜后磺化制备了聚偏氟乙烯接枝苯乙烯(PVDF-g-PSSA)膜. 采用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能量扩散X射线(EDX)和多功能材料实验机表征了膜的结构、形貌及硫和硅的分布、机械强度、溶胀度, 使用阻抗分析和气相色谱仪研究了苯乙烯含量(w)对PVDF-g-PSSA膜的质子导电性能和阻醇性能的影响. 结果表明, 苯乙烯加入后, 原硅酸钠改性的PVDF与苯乙烯进行接枝共聚反应, 苯乙烯磺化反应不只是在膜表面进行, 同时渗入到膜中进行, 机械性能得到了改善. 质子电导率(σ)随苯乙烯质量分数的提高而升高. Na4SiO4为8%和苯乙烯为20%的PVDF-g-PSSA膜, 在25 ℃时溶胀度仅为20.4%, 甲醇透过系数在10-7 cm2·s-1数量级上, 比Nafion115膜的低一个数量级. 该膜具有较高的选择性, 在直接甲醇燃料电池中具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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用NMR法研究了顺二氨二水合铂(Ⅱ)(AAP)与α-二棕搁酸磷脂酰胆碱(DPPC)的相互作用方式,以阐明在顺铂-细胞相互作用中膜磷脂的贡献。1H及13C谱表明,DPPC与AAP在CDCl3中作用时,铂结合在DPPC的头部并引起DPPC分子中gauche向trans的构象转变。65℃测定DPPC脂质体与AAP在D2O溶液中反应不同时间后的-N(CH3)3、-(CH2)n及-CH3基团1H的T1值表明,铂在磷脂上的结合引起的磷脂构象变化会导致膜分子重新装配。 相似文献
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Liu Yang Shaohua Luo Yafeng Wang Yang Zhan Qing Wang Yahui Zhang Xin Liu Wenning Mu Fei Teng 《中国化学快报》2021,31(12):3200-3204
Li2FeTiO4 composites have been produced using commercial LiAC, FeCl2 and different titanium sources by hydrothermal synthesis (HS) at 175 ℃ and subsequent annealing at 700 ℃. Impure phase TiO2, Fe2O3 and FeTiO4 were detected out among the Li2FeTiO4 composites with different titanium sources. Micron and nano-sized particles of Li2FeTiO4 were prepared from various titanium raw materials, with nano-sized particles predominating when titanium raw materials were layered hydrogen titanate nanowire (H2Ti3O7NW, HTO-NW) and titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO2NB). The Li2FeTiO4 composites synthesized by HTO-NW shows a primary particle size of 50-200 nm of high crystallinity staggered with undissolved nanowire with a diameter size of about 100 nm. The samples using one-dimensional nanometer titanium oxide (TiO2 NB) as the raw material can get a super high initial discharge capacity of 367.8 mAh/g at the rate of C/10 and excellent cycling stability. The selection of raw materials and adopting multi-phase modification can be considered as an effective strategy to improve the electro-chemical properties of Li2FeTiO4 composite cathode materials for the lithium secondary battery. 相似文献
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通过桥连双β-二酮类化合物与取代苯胺反应, 合成了5个新的桥连双(β-单酮亚胺)化合物(1~5)和2个新的桥连双(β-二酮亚胺)化合物(6,7), 它们与三甲基铝反应, 得到了相应的3个双(β-酮亚胺基)二铝配合物(8~10)和2个双(β-二酮亚胺基)二铝配合物(11,12). 采用核磁共振、 红外光谱和质谱等对这些化合物进行了表征, 通过X射线单晶衍射分析证实了铝配合物的结构, 并考察了这些铝配合物在ε-己内酯开环聚合反应中的催化活性. 相似文献
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Unusual Coordination Polyhedra around Oxygen in Li4Cl(OH)3 The pseudobinary system LiOH/LiCl was investigated by X-ray methods. Two compounds, Li4Cl(OH)3 and Li2Cl(OH), were obtained. The crystal structure of Li4Cl(OH)3 solved by single-crystal methods is delt with. For Li2Cl(OH) powder diffraction data are given: Li4Cl(OH)3: P21/m, Z = 2, a = 5.4096(8) Å, b = 7.382(2) Å, c = 6.2076(8) Å, β = 94.40(1)°, Z(Fo) with (Fo)2 ≧ 3σ(Fo)2 = 483, Z (parameter) = 50, R/Rw = 0.022/0.025 Li2Cl(OH): Pmma, Z = 2, a = 7.680(8) Å, b = 4.001(7) Å, c = 3.899(6) Å The hydroxide rich compound crystallizes in a new type of structure which contains puckered layers [Li4(OH)3+] connected via chloride ions. 相似文献
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本文研究了以氟代碳酸乙烯酯FEC(fluoroethylene carbonate)为共溶剂的电解液对高压正极材料 Li2CoPO4F 电化学性能的影响,与碳酸酯基电解液1 mol·L-1 LiPF6 EC/DMC=1:1(m:m)相比,1 mol·L-1 LiPF6 FEC/DMC=1:1(m:m)可显著提高Li2CoPO4F的循环稳定性. 通过线性扫描伏安法(LSV)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)结合电化学阻抗(EIS)对 FEC 改善 Li2CoPO4F 材料循环稳定性的机理进行了探索,结果表明与传统碳酸酯基电解液相比,FEC 基电解液在高压下有着优异的抗氧化性,能够有效抑制电解液的氧化分解. 同时,FEC 基电解液中形成的表面膜具有更高的稳定性,能够抑制电极/电解液界面副反应的发生,提高循环过程中电极材料结构稳定性,从而有益于提高 Li2CoPO4F 材料的电化学性能. 相似文献
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采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,以原子簇Rh13(9,4)为模拟表面,在6-31G(d,p)与Lanl2dz基组水平上,对甲氧基在Rh(111)表面的四种吸附位置(fcc、hcp、top、bridge)的吸附模型进行了几何优化、能量计算、Mulliken电荷布局分析以及前线轨道的计算。结果表明,当甲氧基通过氧与金属表面相互作用时,在bridge位的吸附能最大,吸附体系最稳定,在top位转移的电子数最多;吸附于Rh(111)面的过程中C—O键被活化,C—O键的振动频率发生红移。 相似文献
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JIA Xu-dong DUAN Hai-feng LIN Ying-jie CAO Jun-gang LIANG Da-peng WU Mao-cheng 《高等学校化学研究》2012,28(6):999-1002
Aldehydes, hydrazine and ethyl acetoacetate were used for the synthesis of 4,4′-arylidene-bis (3-methyl-pyrazolones) derivatives in water. In this green synthetic protocol, the solvent water itself catalyzed the reaction via hydrogen bonding, thus avoiding the use of any other catalyst to make the work up procedure easier. One-pot, environmental friendly and convenient are the highlights. 相似文献
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燃料电池是一种清洁高效的能量转换装置,可将储存在燃料中的化学能直接转化为电能。在过去的几十年中,燃料电池的开发取得了重大进展。聚合物电解质燃料电池,尤其是以质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)为代表,可以实现高效率、高功率密度、快速启动,因而受到了广泛的关注。然而,PEMFC因使用昂贵的Pt基催化剂而导致成本较高,阻碍了其大规模的应用。近年来发展的碱性膜燃料电池(HEMFC)与PEMFC结构相似,但使用可传导氢氧根离子的聚合物电解质,并提供碱性工作环境。HEMFC由于具有使用非Pt电催化剂和较便宜双极板的可能性而备受关注。然而,HEMFC的一个巨大的挑战是阳极氢氧化反应(HOR)相对缓慢的动力学,这使得其需要较高载量的阳极催化剂才能实现较高的电池性能。因此,对于HEMFC而言,阳极催化剂的成本也很高,亟需开发在碱性条件下低成本、高活性和高稳定性的HOR催化剂。在本综述中,我们总结了HOR催化剂的最新研究进展,涉及文献中提出的各种HOR机理和催化剂,并分析了基于阳极催化剂成本的HEMFC性能。我们发现,最新报道的非Pt HOR催化剂可以降低阳极催化剂的成本,到达与PEMFC接近的成本水平。最后,我们对HOR的进一步研究进行了展望。 相似文献
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Sm3Cl[SiO4]2: A Chlorine‐poor Chloride Orthosilicate of Samarium Pale yellow, plate‐like single crystals of Sm3Cl[SiO4]2 (orthorhombic, Pnma; a = 701.74(8), b = 1800.8(2), c = 626.63(7) pm; Z = 4) are obtained upon the reaction of SmCl3, Sm2O3 and SiO2 (”︁Kieselgel”︁”︁) in 1 : 4 : 6 molar ratios, most advantageously in the presence of substantial amounts of NaCl as fluxing agent, after seven days at 850 °C in evacuated silica ampoules. The B‐type crystal structure (isotypic with e. g. Yb3Cl[SiO4]2) contains discrete orthosilicate tetrahedra [SiO4]4– which form anionic double layers ({(Sm1)2[SiO4]2}2–) with (Sm1)3+. These are alternatingly sheethed along [010] with cationic monolayers ({(Sm2)Cl}2+) consisting of (Sm2)3+ and Cl–. Both crystallographically independent Sm3+ cations exhibit coordination numbers of eight (Sm1: 1 Cl + 7 O; Sm2: 2 Cl + 6 O) with respect to the involved electronegative particles. 相似文献
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甲壳型液晶高分子是我国科学家最早设计和合成、受到国际学术界广泛关注的一类新型液晶高分子[1~ 6 ] .迄今已合成出 1 0个系列 1 0 0多种甲壳型液晶高分子 ,其中多数以乙烯基氢醌 [7] 、乙烯基对苯二胺 [8] 、乙烯基对苯二甲酸 [9] 和 2 -羟基 - 5-氨基苯乙烯 [10 ] 为关键中间体 .液晶核由 3个苯环以— COO—或— CONH—连接而成 .由于— COO—和— CONH—易与阳离子和阴离子相互作用 ,故已报道的甲壳型液晶高分子都是由自由基聚合反应制得 ,而很难用离子型聚合反应合成 .本文设计合成了一类未见文献报道的小分子液晶化合物 ,由此… 相似文献
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Coordination Number 4 or 6 for Lithium?: The Crystal Structure of Lithium Permanganate, Li[MnO4] Waterless 7Li[MnO4] was obtained by dehydration of 7Li[MnO4] · 3 D2O at 60°C above P4O10 in vacuum as violet powder. The structure determination by neutron diffraction measurements via pulsed polychromatic neutron source [time-of-flight powder diffractometer; profile-R-value = 2.1%, Bragg-R-value = 7.4%] confirms the space group Cmcm with a = 551.402(8), b = 839.754(15), c = 635.911(10) pm (Z = 4); parameters see text. The crystal structure of Li[MnO4] corresponds to the CrVO4-type with coordination number 6 for lithium and 4 for manganese. The Madelung Part of Lattice Energie, MAPLE, the Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN and the charge distribution were calculated and discussed. 相似文献
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Nahar Singh Rama Devi Ramachandran Ajit Kumar Sarkar 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(10):891-896
Silica is removed from fly ash sample by hydroflourination for its effective determination gravimetrically and the remaining residue is subjected to lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) fusion followed by dissolution in dilute nitric acid to obtain a clear solution in which elements including aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), have been determined by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). Two fly ash samples analyzed by the proposed method have been received from the National Council of Cement and Building Materials (NCCBM), India (proposed CRM in future) and fly ash CRM 1633 (b) from NIST, USA. The validity of the method has been established by analyzing fly ash CRM 1633 (b) as reference standard. The standard deviation has been calculated for each measurement. 相似文献
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An environmentally benign and highly efficient biomimetic approach for the synthesis of N,N′-diarylsubstituted formamidines in water catalyzedβ-cyclodextrin is described under neutral condition with quantitative yields of products.β-Cyclodextrin has been recovered and reused. 相似文献