公平偏好下双渠道供应链最优定价策略与协调

在市场需求是一种依赖于销售价格的线性结构下,建立由一个制造商和一个零售商组成的两级双渠道供应链模型.在改进收入共享契约下,分别针对零售商不利不公平厌恶和有利不公平厌恶两种情形,探讨公平偏好对双渠道供应链最优定价策略及契约协调性的影响.研究表明,最优零售价格随零售商不利不公平厌恶偏好增大而减小,随其有利不公平厌恶偏好增大而增大;最优直销价格不受零售商公平偏好影响,制造商始终完全占有直销渠道的销售收入;最优批发价格大小与零售商收入共享比例和公平偏好程度有关;改进收入共享契约仅在零售商不利不公平厌恶偏好下能够实现双渠道供应链协调.     

零售商双渠道供应链的定价与协调机制研究

主要研究了一个建立线上线下双渠道的零售商,如何进行定价协调零售商线上线下的水平冲突,并最终到达零售商整体的利润的优化.根据实际情况引入了销售努力补偿的协调机制,并通过算例分析发现当零售商对其网络渠道提供合适的销售努力程度时,零售商的利润可以得到优化.并在双渠道的零售商实现水平协调的基础上,考虑供应链垂直方向上因零售商和制造商双方博弈下带来了双重边际效应,进一步设计了收入共享契约,研究表明当零售商提供合适的收入分配比时,可以实现制造商和零售商利润的优化,实现了供应链成员Pareto改进,这样零售商双渠道就实现了水平和垂直方向的全协调,供应链成员的利润得到了优化.     

多因素扰动下同价双渠道供应链协调应对突发事件

一条双渠道供应链存在一个传统零售商和一个拥有电子渠道的制造商,制造商采用了跟随零售商线上线下同价的定价策略。通过建立市场需求模型,求出供应链的最优价格、生产数量,利用博弈论和合同理论的原理设计收益共享契约。研究表明,当供应链处于稳定状态时,收益共享契约可以用来实现同价双渠道供应链的协调。当突发事件导致市场规模和制造成本发生扰动时,同价双渠道供应链存在鲁棒性,而收益共享契约也能够很好地协调同价机制下的双渠道分权供应链,最后给出一个算例验证了结论。     

收益共享契约下闭环双渠道供应链应急协调

双渠道供应链中存在一个制造商和一个零售商,零售商拥有传统渠道,制造商拥有电子渠道,回收可以再制造的产品,当供应链系统稳定时给出了最优价格、渠道销售数量和回收率.当供应链面临着需求扰动,制造商在一定范围内不用调整生产计划,回收率和需求突变程度负相关,平稳状态时的契约将无法协调供应链,改进收益共享契约能够协调需求扰动下的闭环双渠道供应链.     

随机需求下考虑公平偏好的合作广告协调模型

在随机需求下,运用Fehr和Schmidt提出的公平偏好理论模型探讨了供应链合作广告协调问题,其中零售商具有利己和利他公平偏好.在批发价格契约下分析了零售商的公平偏好对订购和广告策略及渠道协调的影响,结果表明:除了一个测度为零的空间之外,批发价格契约不能协调供应链.设计了能协调供应链的收益共享和广告成本分担契约,并刻画了要完成渠道协调,契约参数须满足的充要条件.研究表明:1)在零售商具有利己公平偏好下,收益共享契约虽能协调供应链,但不能实现渠道收益的任意分配;2)若零售商的利他公平偏好较强,则能协调供应链(实现供应链期望利润最大化)的契约未必是帕累托最优契约,能实现公平分配的协调契约才是最优契约;3)在渠道协调下,零售商的利己和利他公平偏好对其效用均有负面影响.最后利用数值分析验证了相关结论.     

竞争环境下双渠道供应链的决策与协调研究

基于收益共享契约协调的二级供应链, 在考虑市场竞争环境中需求转移为非线性的情况下,探讨供应商增加直销渠道的条件,并研究双渠道供应链中供应商在直销渠道上的最优定价,总的最优生产量及零售商的最优订货量,研究表明,在一定直销渠道建设成本范围内,供应商加入直销渠道会增加供应商以及供应链的总期望收益,但会减小零售商的期望收益.文中通过解析和数值分析指出,供应商采用网络收益共享契约可以减小零售渠道与直销渠道的冲突,提高系统收益,实现双渠道供应链的协调.     

零售商公平关切下双渠道闭环供应链的协调

在双渠道闭环供应链中考虑零售商具有公平关切行为倾向,针对集中、分散两种决策情形分别建立双渠道闭环供应链定价模型,研究和对比了两种不同决策情形对直销价格、零售价格、回收价格及供应链系统利润的影响.研究表明,分散决策情形的系统利润要低于集中决策情形的系统利润;制造商提供一个由批发价格、直销价格和回收转移价格组成的协调契约可以协调双渠道闭环供应链,但该契约只对零售商有利,对制造商不利,为此,通过增加一个利润共享补充协议或两部定价补充协议可以有效协调双渠道闭环供应链,实现制造商和零售商的双赢;而零售商公平关切行为的存在将增强零售商参与协调时的议价能力,进一步影响零售商利润分享比例或零售商支付给制造商固定费用的变化范围.     

基于制造商提供服务的双渠道协调机制研究

在双渠道环境下,研究了制造商提供服务时的两级供应链协调问题。首先,在对集中和分散决策下的系统收益和服务水平进行差异分析的基础上,研究了制造商提供服务水平的优劣对两种决策下产品均衡价格和需求量的影响;然后,在不考虑传统收入共享契约的供应链冲突失调的前提下,构建了制造商提供服务时的传统收入共享契约模型,在深入分析传统收入共享契约失调原理的基础上,建立了改进的收入共享和成本分担契约,理论推导表明,在收入共享因子和成本共担因子满足一定条件下,可实现制造商提供服务的双渠道供应链协调。最后,仿真算例验证了本文所提出的契约协调理论的有效性,并得出了一些具有良好应用前景的启发性结论。     

过度自信零售商供应链得失共享回购契约模型

研究在不确定性条件下由一个理性供应商和一个过度自信零售商组成的供应链协调契约模型.考虑由Wang和Webster(2007)提出的得失共享回购契约,在该契约下得到零售商最优订货量及其性质.进一步证明在一定条件下,该契约能协调供应链.特别地,讨论三类特殊契约模型:回购契约,得失共享批发价契约和批发价契约,发现在高利润条件下回购契约可使供应链协调,而在低利润条件下得失共享批发价契约和批发价契约可使供应链协调.     

预付款融资下基于改进收益共享与回购联合契约的双渠道供应链协调研究

随机需求下,考虑了制造商存在资金约束的双渠道供应链在采用预付款融资时,如何实现供应链协调的问题。在制造商为主方的Stackelberg博弈下,研究了制造商和零售商分散决策时的最优库存决策问题,并通过设计改进收益共享与回购联合契约使得供应链达到协调。在此基础上,讨论了供应链的帕累托改进区间。最后,通过算例验证了联合契约对双渠道供应链协调及帕累托改进的有效性,并分析了契约参数和融资参数对供应链的影响。     

A REPRESENTATION FORMULA RELATED TO SCHR(O)DINGER OPERATORS

Schr(o)dinger operator is a central subject in the mathematical study of quantum mechanics.Consider the Schrodinger operator H = -△ V on R, where △ = d2/dx2 and the potential function V is real valued. In Fourier analysis, it is well-known that a square integrable function admits an expansion with exponentials as eigenfunctions of -△. A natural conjecture is that an L2 function admits a similar expansion in terms of "eigenfunctions" of H, a perturbation of the Laplacian (see [7], Ch. Ⅺ and the notes), under certain condition on V.     

CONTENTS OF VOLUME 30

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Instructions for contributions

正Applied Mathematics-A Journal of Chinese Universities,Series B(Appl.Math.J.Chinese Univ.,Ser.B)is a comprehensive applied mathematics journal jointly sponsored by Zhejiang University,China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,and Springer-Verlag.It is a quarterly journal with     

Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications Guide for Authors

正Journal overview:Journal of Mathematical Research with Applications(JMRA),formerly Journal of Mathematical Research and Exposition(JMRE)created in 1981,one of the transactions of China Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics,is a home for original research papers of the highest quality in all areas of mathematics with applications.The target audience comprises:pure and applied mathematicians,graduate students in broad fields of sciences and technology,scientists and engineers interested in mathematics.     

Staircase transportation problems with superadditive rewards and cumulative capacities

A cumulative-capacitated transportation problem is studied. The supply nodes and demand nodes are each chains. Shipments from a supply node to a demand node are possible only if the pair lies in a sublattice, or equivalently, in a staircase disjoint union of rectangles, of the product of the two chains. There are (lattice) superadditive upper bounds on the cumulative flows in all leading subrectangles of each rectangle. It is shown that there is a greatest cumulative flow formed by the natural generalization of the South-West Corner Rule that respects cumulative-flow capacities; it has maximum reward when the rewards are (lattice) superadditive; it is integer if the supplies, demands and capacities are integer; and it can be calculated myopically in linear time. The result is specialized to earlier work of Hoeffding (1940), Fréchet (1951), Lorentz (1953), Hoffman (1963) and Barnes and Hoffman (1985). Applications are given to extreme constrained bivariate distributions, optimal distribution with limited one-way product substitution and, generalizing results of Derman and Klein (1958), optimal sales with age-dependent rewards and capacities.To our friend, Philip Wolfe, with admiration and affection, on the occasion of his 65th birthday.Research was supported respectively by the IBM T.J. Watson and IBM Almaden Research Centers and is a minor revision of the IBM Research Report [6].     

Laminations minimales résiduellement à 2 bouts

Résumé On décrit toutes les feuilles des laminations minimales dont un ensemble résiduel de feuilles ont 2 bouts.      

Best approximation by downward sets with applications

We develop a theory of downward sets for a class of normed ordered spaces. We study best approximation in a normed ordered space X by elements of downward sets, and give necessary and sufficient conditions for any element of best approximation by a closed downward subset of X. We also characterize strictly downward subsets of X, and prove that a downward subset of X is strictly downward if and only if each its boundary point is Chebyshev. The results obtained are used for examination of some Chebyshev pairs （W,x）, where ∈ X and W is a closed downward subset of X     

Boundedness of multilinear operators on weighted herz type spaces

In this paper, the author establishes the boundedness of multilinear operators on weighted Herz spaces and Herz-type Hardy spaces. The author also obtains their weak estimates on endpoints. As a special case, the conclusions may lead to the weighted estimates for multilinear Calderon-Zygmund operators.     

THE EXACT CONVERGENCE RATE AT ZERO OF LAGRANGE INTERPOLATION POLYNOMIAL TO |x|α

In this paper we present a generalized quantitative version of a result due to M. Revers concerning the exact convergence rate at zero of Lagrange interpolation polynomial to f(x) = |x|α with on equally spaced nodes in [-1, 1].