亚10飞秒脉冲的诊断与压缩

采用二次谐波-频谱分辨光闸法对克尔透镜锁模钛宝石激光器输出的飞秒脉冲的振幅和相位 进行诊断，测得其脉冲包络是双曲正割型的，而相位则近似为时间的三次幂形式. 通过对脉 冲频域相位的拟合，诊断出二阶群速度色散是造成脉冲啁啾、导致脉冲展宽的主要原因. 利 用棱镜对补偿二阶群速度色散，进一步将17 fs啁啾脉冲压缩至半高全宽为8.5 fs的近似转 换极限脉冲. 关键词： 飞秒脉冲 二次谐波-频谱分辨光闸法 群速度色散     

Supercontinuum generation with femtosecond optical pulse compression in silicon photonic crystal fibers at 2500 nm

In this paper, femtosecond optical pulses compression and supercontinuum generation in a triangular silicon photonic crystal fiber at 2500 nm are investigated. A region of large minimum anomalous group velocity dispersion, negligible higher order dispersions and unique nonlinearity of silicon are used to demonstrate compression of 100 fs initial input optical pulses to 2.5 fs and ultra-broadband supercontinuum generation with very low input pulse energy over short distances of the fiber.     

Generation of tunable 7-fs ultraviolet pulses: achromatic phase matching and chirp management

Ultraviolet pulses with a duration of 7 fs are efficiently generated by frequency doubling the output of a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier. The ultraviolet pulses are tunable between 275 to 335 nm. The acceptance bandwidth of the doubling crystal is increased by a factor of 80 through high-order achromatic phase matching. The chirp of the visible pulses and the dispersion introduced along the beam path are compensated partially before and partially after the doubling crystal. For the design of the dispersion management, we investigate the second harmonic generation of pulses with mixed orders of chirp and explicitly discuss the transfer of the spectral phase in frequency doubling. A simple analytic theory is derived that correctly describes frequently observed spectral narrowing effects. We find that chirped SHG avoids spectral narrowing and allows for precompression of dispersion encountered in the ultraviolet beam path. We apply chirped SHG to generate 18.7 fs ultraviolet pulses in an extremely simple setup. PACS 42.65.Re; 42.65.Ky; 42.65.Yj     

Dispersion compensation with optical materials for compression of intense sub-100-fs mid-infrared pulses

We report on the generation of essentially transform-limited mid-infrared pulses as short as 75 fs centered at 5mum with 6muJ of energy. Infrared materials with group-velocity dispersion values of opposite sign are used in combination to null second-order dispersion and compress the mid-infrared pulses.     

飞秒激光脉冲压缩用啁啾镜新设计方法

对配对啁啾镜传统的优化过程进行了改进,并且尝试了新的多个啁啾镜匹配的方法。理论上实现了在700～1050 nm光谱范围内,两个啁啾镜配对色散总和振荡小于±10 fs2,三个啁啾镜配对色散总和振荡小于±15 fs2。此配对啁啾镜所实现的精确补偿色散,是获得极短光脉冲的基础,可以用于飞秒激光的脉冲压缩。     

Ultrashort Laguerre-Gaussian pulses with angular and group velocity dispersion compensation

Coherent optical vortices are generated from ultrashort 6.4 fs pulses. Our results demonstrate angular dispersion compensation of ultrashort 6.4 fs Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) pulses as well as what is believed to be the first direct autocorrelation measurement of 80 fs LG amplified pulses. A reflective-mirror-based 4f-compressor is proposed to compensate the angular and group velocity dispersion of the ultrashort LG pulses.     

Nonlinear spectral cleaning of few-cycle pulses via cross-polarized wave (XPW) generation

The characterization of a temporal filter based on cross-polarized wave generation working in the few-optical-cycle regime is presented. We show that this device dramatically improves the spectral quality of the ultrashort seed pulses, opening the way to the production of sub-10?fs pulses with high incoherent and coherent contrast. The dispersion compensation conditions for an optimized behavior of the process are experimentally and theoretically discussed.     

Optimizing input and output chirps up to the third-order for sub-nanojoule,ultra-short pulse compression in small core area PCF

Compression of sub-nanojoule laser pulses using a commercially available photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with zero dispersion wavelength of 860 nm is discussed. A twofold pulse compression starting from 24 fs transform limited seed pulses around 800 nm is experimentally demonstrated as a verification of our simulations. Theory shows that by the optimization of input and output chirp parameters up to the third order, high quality, 5.7 fs pulses can be generated from a cost efficient experimental setup. Further calculations show that 1 ps pulses with central wavelength of 800 nm can be compressed down to 50 fs in the normal dispersion regime of the fiber with proper dispersion compensation. Calculations also show that dispersion flattened fibers can improve both the quality and the duration of compressed pulses. PACS 42.65.Re     

Operation of Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser in thenon-soliton regime

A Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser operating in a non-soliton regime is demonstrated. Dispersive wave generation is observed as a result of third order dispersion in the vicinity of zero dispersion. The characteristics of the Ti:sapphire laser operating in a positive dispersion regime are presented, where the oscillator directly generates pulses with duration continuously tunable from 0.37~ps to 2.11~ps, and 36~fs pulses are achieved after extracavity compression. The oscillation is numerically simulated with an extended nonlinear Schr?dinger equation, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Generation of Intense Sub-10 fs Pulses at 385 nm

We demonstrated the generation and characterization of 9.7 fs, 180 J pulses centered at 385 nm via the frequency doubling of few-cycle near-infrared pulses. Both moderate conversion efficiency(9.5%) and broad phase matching bandwidth(20 nm) were achieved by shaping the spectra of the fundamental pulses. The strong intensity dependence of second-order harmonic generation and well controlled material dispersion ensured the inexistence of satellite pulses, which was confirmed by the self-diffraction frequency resolved optical gating measurement.     

Generation of 90-nJ pulses with a 4-MHz repetition-rate Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:Al(2)O(3) laser operating with net positive and negative intracavity dispersion

We demonstrate the generation of high-energy pulses by using a low-repetition-rate Kerr-lens mode-locked laser. Repetition rates as low as 4 MHz were achieved with a long, multiple-pass cavity and a semiconductor saturable Bragg reflector. The laser generated pulses of 55-fs duration with a pulse energy of 48 nJ when it was mode locked in the net negative dispersion regime. Mode locking in the positive dispersion regime reduces instabilities and enables pulses to have durations of 80 fs and energies as high as 90 nJ. This is, to our knowledge, the highest pulse energy and the lowest repetition rate ever generated directly from a femtosecond laser resonator without cavity dumping.     

Environmentally stable all-normal-dispersion femtosecond fiber laser

We demonstrate a mode-locked all-normal-dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser constructed with polarization-maintaining fibers. Spectral filtering of a chirped pulse in the cavity, along with a semiconductor saturable absorber, produce self-starting femtosecond mode-locked operation with large normal dispersion. Environmentally stable generation of 2 nJ and 300 fs pulses is achieved.     

Non-linear applications of microstructured optical fibres

The enhancement of different non-linear processes in microstructured optical fibres can be achieved through manipulation of the dispersion characteristics of the fibre. This is demonstrated by extending the region of short wavelength operation of high power supercontinuum generation through four wave mixing in a cascaded fibre geometry where the dispersion of each fibre decreased on propagation. The technique is further refined in a demonstration utilizing long lengths of dispersion decreasing tapered microstructured fibres, where the supercontinuum extends to around 300 nm with spectral power densities in excess of 2 mW/nm in the uv. These long length tapers can also be utilized for adiabatic soliton pulse compression in new spectral regions, allowing the compression of 655 fs pulses to 45 fs.     

C. 超短激光光源

本文对超短激光脉冲的产生、压缩技术的最新发展做了详细评述。     

Measurement of ultrashort laser pulses using single-crystal films of 4-aminobenzophenone

Single-crystal thin-film of an organic second-order nonlinear optical material, 4-aminobenzophenone (ABP), is used to measure the pulsewidth of a Ti-Sapphire laser producing 45 fs pulses at 1 kHz repetition rate, by the non-collinear second-harmonic generation (SHG) intensity autocorrelation technique. These films are suitable for measurements over a broad wavelength range, down to 780 nm, due to their wide optical transparency. The single-crystal film with thickness (3 μm) less than the coherence length requires no phase-matching for efficient broadband SHG. Pulse walk-off due to group-velocity mismatch (GVM) and temporal broadening of the pulses due to group-velocity dispersion (GVD) are found to be negligible. These effects have been estimated for pulse width down to few-cycle pulses (10 fs), and the analyses show that these films can be used to characterize such ultrashort optical pulses.     

High-repetition-rate 12 fs pulse amplification by a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier system

We demonstrate the direct generation of 12 fs pulses from a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier system at a 1 kHz repetition rate utilizing properly designed broadband components for chirped-pulse amplification. Optimized designs of a regenerative amplifier with a multilayer gain-narrowing compensator and an adaptive dispersion compensator with a spatial light modulator contribute to the shorter pulse amplification.     

Compact, high-throughput expansion-compression scheme for chirped pulse amplification in the 10 fs range

A novel pulse stretching-compression system suitable for kHz-rate chirped-pulse amplification of ≈10 fs pulses in Ti:sapphire systems is demonstrated. The material dispersion of the system components used for pulse selection and isolation broadens the wide-band seed pulses by a factor of ≈300, allowing amplification up to the submillijoule energy range. The compressor consists of a pair of prisms and newly-developed chirped multilayer dielectric mirrors for compensating high order dispersion. Using this simple scheme a recompression of unamplified pulses down to 15 fs with a throughput as high as 80% is demonstrated.     

Generation and controlling of the dispersive wave by femtosecond pulses propagating in the normal dispersion regimes of the birefringent photonic crystal fiber

This paper studies the generation of the dispersive wave (DW) in the normal dispersion regimes of the birefringent photonic crystal fiber (BPCF) fabricated in this work. The remarkable blue-shifted radiation is found to be generated when 30 fs pulses are input in the normal dispersion regime of the BPCF for the first time. The characteristics of the blue-shifted DW strongly depend on the polarization of the input pulse. As a result, two peaks appear in the blue-shifted region of the spectrum when the input pulses polarize along the slow axis of the BPCF. With the increase of the center wavelength of the initial input pulse, the difference between the wavelengths of the two peaks widens. The peak location in the spectrum can be explained by the phase matching condition between the DW and the input pulse. In addition, when the input polarization is set to an angle of 45° with respect to the principal axes of the BPCF, the cross-phase modulation and coherent coupling between two orthogonally polarized modes would result in pulse trapping in the BPCF. Accordingly, the DW shift toward short wavelength is restrained. The DW generation in the normal-dispersion regimes of BPCF can be controlled by the phase matching condition and polarization of the input pulse.     

Few-cycle pulse characterization with an acousto-optic pulse shaper

An acousto-optic pulse shaper has been used to characterize few-cycle pulses generated in a hollow-core fiber. A grism pair precompensates for the dispersion of the acousto-optic crystal, allowing the full pulse-shaping window to be used for replica generation rather than self-compensation. A 9.4 fs pulse was measured, the shortest ever measured with an acousto-optic pulse shaper, to our knowledge.     

Octave-spanning super-continuum from a silica photonic crystal fiber pumped by a 386 MHz Yb:fiber laser

We report octave-spanning super-continuum generation in a silica photonic crystal fiber (PCF) pumped by a compact, efficient, mode-locked all-normal dispersion Yb:fiber laser. The laser achieved 45% optical-to-optical efficiency by using an optimized resonator design, producing chirped 750 fs pulses with a repetition rate of 386 MHz and an average power of 605 mW. The chirped pulses were compressed to 110 fs with a loss of only 4% by using multiple reflections on a pair of Gires-Tournois interferometer mirrors, yielding an average power of up to 580 mW. The corresponding peak power was 13.7 kW and produced a super-continuum spectrum spanning from 696-1392 nm.