热解析富集-能量色散X射线荧光光谱法对溶液中汞的测定

搭建热解析富集装置对溶液中的汞富集后进行检测,可以提高X射线荧光测试的灵敏度.整个测试过程如下:样品中的汞在高温下发生热解析,经过滤膜时被选择性吸附,在使用光谱仪测试后,最终计算出样品中汞的含量.在热解析管路中加入白云石增加停留时间,可以降低汞的热解还原温度,在使用汞稳定化剂的条件下,只需加热到600℃就可以实现汞的解...     

Time-variant signal encryption by lensless dual random phase encoding applied to fiber optic links

A lensless dual random phase encoding technique in the temporal domain is proposed and analyzed to evaluate its potential application for secure data transmission, mainly for short-haul fiber optic links. The different signal broadening effects produced by each stage of the encoding process in both time and frequency domains are analyzed by using the Wigner distribution function to take into account the fiber's multiplexing capabilities. Thus, quasi-white noise with a well-defined bandwidth is used in the encoding process to limit the bandwidth of the encrypted signal. Numerical simulations revealed good system performance, indicating that this multiplexing encryption method could be a good alternative to other well-established techniques.     

Mitigation of signal suppression caused by the use of trifluoroacetic acid in liquid chromatography mobile phases during liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis via post-column addition of ammonium hydroxide

A method has been developed to reduce the mass spectrometric ion signal suppression associated with the use of TFA as an additive in LC mobile phases. Through post-column infusion of diluted NH(4)OH solution to LC eluents, the ammonium ion introduced causes the neutral analyte-TFA ion pair to dissociate which consequently releases the protonated analyte as free ions into the gas phase (through regular electrospray ionization mechanisms). An ion signal improvement from 1.2 to 20 times for a variety of compounds had been achieved through the application of this method. The molar ratios of NH(4)OH:TFA which result in a reduction of signal suppression were determined to be between 0.5:1 and 50:1. In addition, it was shown that this NH(4)OH infusion method could reduce the level of doubly-charged species and the product ions formed via in-source collision. The use of diluted NH(4)OH solution is favorable since it is compatible with mass spectrometry analysis, and it is applicable in both positive and negative-ion generation mode.     

Mass spectrometric characterization of DNA microarrays as a function of primary ion species

Recent studies have shown TOF-SIMS to be an appropriate method for the detailed examination of the immobilization process of PNA and its ability to hybridize to unlabeled complementary DNA fragments. Unlabeled single-stranded DNA was hybridized to Si wafer biosensor chips containing both complementary and non-complementary immobilized PNA sequences. The hybridization of complementary DNA could readily be identified by detecting phosphate-containing molecules from the DNA backbone. An unambiguous discrimination was achieved between complementary and non-complementary sequences.In order to optimize detection parameters, different primary ions were applied, including monoatomic ions (Bi⁺) as well as cluster ions (Bi₂⁺, Bi₃⁺, Bi₄⁺, Bi₃⁺⁺, Bi₅⁺⁺), and secondary ion yield behavior and formation efficiencies were studied. It was found that cluster primary ions resulted in a significantly increased yield of DNA-correlated fragments, enabling higher signal intensities and better secondary ion efficiencies.TOF-SIMS is undoubtedly a highly useful technique for identifying hybridized DNA on PNA biosensor chips. It is suitable for studying the complexity of the immobilization and hybridization processes and may provide a rapid method for DNA diagnostics. With the absence of the labeling procedure and the simultaneous increase of the phosphate signal as a result of increasing DNA sequence length, this technique comes to be especially useful for the direct analysis of genomic DNA.     

硫胺素-三维荧光法测定水中汞离子的研究

汞是一种具有显著积累效应和遗传毒性的重金属元素,对人体健康和生态环境危害极大。我国水环境中汞污染严重,开发快速、高效、经济的汞离子检测方法可以有效推动水环境中汞污染的源头治理。该研究创新性地提出利用硫胺素-三维荧光法来实现水环境中汞离子的检测。研究结果表明,硫胺素与汞离子发生氧化还原反应前后,其荧光峰的位置与数量发生了明显改变,可作为检测水中汞离子的特征性信号。此外,在利用该法检测水中汞离子时,硫胺素的浓度不宜过高,体系应保持碱性环境,反应温度与反应时间可由一级动力学模型来优化,以期降低检测成本,提高检测效率。在指定的检测条件（硫胺素浓度为10 μmol·L-1、pH为9.7、反应时间为120 min、温度为20 ℃）下,汞离子浓度的线性检测范围为4～15 μmol·L-1。硫胺素-三维荧光法与传统的水中汞离子的检测方法相比具有突出优势和良好的实际应用价值,可以有效助力水环境中汞污染的源头监管,极大提升环境执法效率。     

多光谱CCD相机配准的图像校正

通过分析线阵CCD的成像过程,对多光谱CCD相机成像的彩色图像合成方式进行了研究,提出了一种处理方法。通过将各谱段CCD的每个像元信号分别扩展成一个二维像素数组后再进行彩色合成,尝试了利用后期处理的方式校正多光谱相机的配准偏差,改善了相机彩色合成图像的质量。结果表明,这种对CCD信号进行处理的合成方式为空间遥感相机的研制提供了一种技术手段,既能减小配准偏差的影响,同时又能够在不改变相机性能的情况下改善相机输出彩色图像的质量。     

一种利用海豚叫声的仿生水声通信方法

针对水下通信隐蔽性的需求, 克服传统固定载波调制方式带来的声源暴露问题, 提出一种基于海豚叫声的仿生伪装水声通信方法, 使通信信号被当作海洋生物噪声排除, 达到隐蔽通信的效果. 研究了海豚叫声信号特点, 利用海豚哨声信号实现同步与识别, 采用差分脉冲位置调制方法, 信息调制在相邻海豚嘀嗒声信号的时间间隔, 采用压缩传感体制下的匹配追踪技术估计信道, 虚拟时反技术实现信道均衡. 湖试结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性, 接收声信号与发射信号声音上具有很高的相似度, 可以达到伪装隐蔽的效果. 实验中水平距离2 km, 通信速率不小于29 bps时,误码率可以达到10^-4以下. 关键词： 水声通信 仿生 海豚 隐蔽     

Measurement of storage time, estimation of ion number and study of absorption line profile in a Paul trap

Europium (Eu⁺) ions were confined in a Paul trap and detected by non-destructive method. Storage time of Eu⁺ ions achieved in vacuum was improved by orders of magnitude employing buffer gas cooling. The experimentally detected signal was fitted to the ion response signal and the total number of ions trapped was estimated. It is found that the peak signal amplitude as well as the product of FWHM and the peak signal amplitude is proportional to the total number of trapped ions. The trapped ion secular frequency was swept at different rates and its effect on the absorption line profile was studied both experimentally and theoretically.     

激光双频率外差法精密位移测量研究

基于激光干涉的测量技术目前已在观测测量中被广泛应用,测量设备也向着便携化、智能化和集成化的方向发展。目前的激光干涉测量设备大多是利用迈克尔逊干涉仪的原理,然而,该方法通常是将干涉信息在空间域上进行处理,对实验平台搭建和测量环境的要求也较为苛刻,在工业生产环境中运用时易受工业设备位移时产生的高频震动影响。因此,提出一种基于激光双外差干涉的位移量精密测量系统,利用两组激光外差信号来构成两组干涉仪,探测器接收到回波拍频信号后进行时间域的平均与频域解调,提高测量系统的鲁棒性,使得测量系统的准确度达到0.01 mm。     

TOT measurement implemented in FPGA TDC

Time measurement plays a crucial role for the purpose of particle identification in high energy physics experiments. With increasingly demanding physics goals and the development of electronics, modern time measurement systems need to meet the requirement of excellent resolution specification as well as high integrity. Based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs), FPGA time-to-digital converters(TDCs) have become one of the most mature and prominent time measurement methods in recent years. For correcting the time-walk effect caused by leading timing, a time-over-threshold(TOT) measurement should be added to the FPGA TDC. TOT can be obtained by measuring the interval between the signal leading and trailing edges. Unfortunately, a traditional TDC can recognize only one kind of signal edge, the leading or the trailing. Generally, to measure the interval, two TDC channels need to be used at the same time, one for leading, the other for trailing. However, this method unavoidably increases the amount of FPGA resources used and reduces the TDC's integrity.This paper presents one method of TOT measurement implemented in a Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA. In this method,TOT measurement can be achieved using only one TDC input channel. The consumed resources and time resolution can both be guaranteed. Testing shows that this TDC can achieve resolution better than 15 ps for leading edge measurement and 37 ps for TOT measurement. Furthermore, the TDC measurement dead time is about two clock cycles, which makes it good for applications with higher physics event rates.