On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

To the calculation of the composition of the multicomponent exciton gas

The nonequilibrium model of the exciton gas in semiconductors has been proposed. The composition of the multicomponent exciton gas has been calculated for Ge. The calculations based on the nonequilibrium model agree with the experimental data.     

干涉仪系统传递函数测量及影响因素的分析

波前功率谱密度(PSD)被用于评价惯性约束聚变(ICF)激光驱动器光学元件中频段的波前误差。干涉仪对PSD较高空间频率分量的测量存在失真效应,可通过干涉仪系统传递函数(STF)的检测标定来获得真实的波前PSD分布。采用台阶板位相比较法测得大口径菲索相移干涉仪检测系统在透射和反射检测情形下的传递函数。对传递函数测试算法进行了比较分析,明确了干涉仪系统zoom倍率的改变等因素对传递函数测量的影响,为波前PSD的准确检测奠定了基础。     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project.The length of the tunnel is about 20 m.The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered ed soil for shielding.In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts,we use the ISIS construction,which is designed with four turnings,as a reference for the tunnel design.The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulationwith the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA.The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved.This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

On the relaxation of the order parameter in the BCS model

The relaxation of the nonequilibrium order parameter (wave function of pairs) of a “pure” superconductor is considered for the homogeneous case. The relaxation is due to the electron-phonon interaction. The orderparameter relaxation time is shown to be much longer than the time interval between electron-electron collisions. This relation is explained by the smallness of the superconducting transition temperature compared to both the Fermi energy and the Debye energy in the BCS model.     

Effect of the spectral half-width of the driving field on the bistability

The bistability behavior of a nonlinear absorbing medium inside a Fabry–Perot resonator driven by an external quasi-monochromatic field is studied. The driving field is considered to be of a Gaussian and Lorentzian spectral line profile. The effect of the spectral half-width on the bistability is discussed. The mathematical treatment is carried out through an interferometric point of view. The dependence of the driving intensity required to initiate bistability on the standing wave established inside the resonator is represented.     

Extraction of the spurious states from the solution of the motion equation within the random phase approximation

The general form of nuclear Hamiltonian equation of motion is derived within the Random Phase Approximation (RPA). The connection between the Goldstone modes of motion (spurious states) and the equations of motion is shown. The general method of extraction of spurious states from the solution of the RPA equations of motion is proposed.     

Construction of the minimal superspace-translation tensor and the derivation of the supercurrent

The superspace analogue of the improved energy-momentum tensor is analysed. The supercurrent of Ferrara and Zumino is derived from the superspace-translation tensor in its minimal form. The additional freedom in this tensor, as compared to the supercurrent, is exhibited.     

Design and analysis of the tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the spectrum hall of the CSNS

There is a tunnel connecting the beamcorridor and the target station in the spectrum hall in the CSNS project. The length of the tunnel is about 20 m. The shielding design of the tunnel is very significant for the persons working in the spectrum hall because the tunnel is not covered by soil for shielding. In order to reduce the dose rate at the exit of the cable ducts, we use the ISIS construction, which is designed with four turnings, as a reference for the tunnel design. The thickness of the shielding is obtained by a simulation with the Monte Carlo Code FLUKA. The result is compared with the data obtained with Moyer Mode and the reliability of the simulation is proved. This paper provides the basis for the design of the tunnel.     

利用偏振度研究散射介质浓度及杂质比的数值分析

为了研究散射介质的粒子数浓度对散射光偏振度的影响以及杂质混合比与目标偏振度的关系,求解了当激光器输出波长处于近红外波段806 nm时目标的米勒矩阵及偏振度的数值解,结果表明偏振度随散射介质粒子数浓度的变化十分显著;通过建立混合目标模型,讨论了杂质比与偏振度的数值关系,并对目标的偏振度进行了归一化,而且实现了由归一化偏振度对杂质混合比的反演。本文的研究结果为利用散射光偏振度研究大气遥感提供了新的途径。     

Dynamic control of the entanglement in the presence of the time-varying field

The interactions between a two-level atom and a field with a time-varying frequency have been investigated. The two typical cases, the frequency of the field varying with time in the forms of sine and rectangle, have been considered. The dynamic behavior of the atom-field entanglement is investigated numerically as function of time. A number of novel phenomena are discovered and discussed. The sine modulation of the field frequency can help to realize and stabilize the degree of the atom-field entanglement at high level. The influence of the rectangular frequency modulated field on the atom-field entanglement indicates that the entanglement is more sensitive to the detuning than the correlation between different Rabi oscillations. Not only the sine field frequency modulation but also the rectangular field frequency modulation is favorable to improve, enhance and stabilize the degree of the atom-field entanglement.     

Detection of the spectra of multicharged ions with time resolution and the determination of the parameters of the hot component of the plasma in the case of the magnetic implosion of multiwire arrays

The dynamics of the hot component of the plasma of imploding multiwire arrays has been analyzed using the time behavior of the X-ray spectral lines of multicharge ions. The spectra of H- and He-like aluminum ions with nanosecond time resolution have been detected using electron-optical chronography in experiments on the implosion of multiwire arrays by mega-ampere currents. The simultaneous appearance of the resonance lines of H- and He-like ions implies that the hot plasma whose electron temperature is higher than 0.5 keV has existed on the axis before the implosion of the main mass of the liner. The further dynamics of the intensity of the lines is primarily attributed to an increase in the mass of the emitting plasma.     

微观半经典Vlasov框架下的巨偶极共振的系统学与同位旋效应

用微观半经典Vlasov方法研究了同位旋矢量巨偶极共振(GDR)的系统学.计算的GDR强度分布的峰位能量和宽度与实验结果是一致的,并与经验公式相符.计算还表明峰位能量有微小的同位旋效应,而峰的宽度几乎没有同位旋效应.     

On the time dependence of the dielectric dispersion for triglycine sulfate in the vicinity of the curie point

The evolution of the dielectric spectrum of triglycine sulfate with time is investigated in the frequency range from 20 MHz to 1 Hz at a temperature of 48.8°C for 420 min. It is revealed that the evolution of the dielectric spectrum exhibits a non-steady-state behavior due to the broadening of the relaxation-time spectrum. The process clearly manifests itself in a transformation of the Cole-Cole diagram with time. The transformation to a quasi-stationary state is completed in approximately 1 h. The phenomenon is explained by the retarded motion of domain walls. The inference is made that, for ferroelectrics, the time evolution of all parameters associated with the domain-wall state should be a universal property.     

Representation of the spin in the Dirac equation for the electron

The conventional interpretation of the spin matrices contained in the Dirac equation for the electron is considered to be mostly unintelligible in the operational sense. It is shown that it appears that the interpretation is often illogical. The necessity of a more comprehensible interpretation of the concerned equation is implied.     

Contributions of the cornea and the lens to the aberrations of the human eye

The relative contributions of optical aberrations of the cornea and the crystalline lens to the final image quality of the human eye were studied. The aberrations of the entire eye were obtained from pairs of double-pass retinal images, and the aberrations of the cornea were obtained from videokeratographic data. Third-order spherical aberration and coma were significantly larger for the cornea than for the complete eye, indicating a significant role of the lens in compensating for corneal aberrations. In a second experiment retinal images were recorded in an eye before and after we neutralized the aberrations of the cornea by having the subjects wear swimming goggles filled with saline water, providing a direct estimate of the optical performance of the crystalline lens.     

Self-organization as the driving force for the evolution of the biosphere

Synergic parallels between the mechanisms of the spatio-temporal evolution of physic-chemical and biological systems are considered. The evolution of the biosphere is treated as self-organization in the hierarchy of the active media, which is its driving force. The superposition of selection, vertical and horizontal gene transfer, as well as the processes of divergence and convergence of species, constitutes the synergetic out-line of biological evolution.     

The effect of the homogeneous broadening on the propagation of the light pulses

The propagation of resonant pulses in a two-level homogeneously broadened atomic medium is analyzed. The pulses with the duration comparable with the atomic coherence relaxation time are considered. The effects of the long pulse area stabilization and destabilization are reported. The numerical simulation is performed.     

On the broadening of the annihilation line

The broadening of annihilation line was studied with a Ge detector. The annihilation line was deconvoluted taking into account the instrumental resolution of 1.08 keV. The P_f in several metals are found. The contribution of core electrons to annihilation is deduced.