A note on invertibility preservers on Banach algebras

Let be be semisimple Banach algebras and let be a unital bijective linear operator that preserves invertibility. If the socle of is an essential ideal of , then is a Jordan isomorphism.

     

Composition operators on Hardy spaces on Lavrentiev domains

For any simply connected domain , we prove that a Littlewood type inequality is necessary for boundedness of composition operators on , , whenever the symbols are finitely-valent. Moreover, the corresponding ``little-oh' condition is also necessary for the compactness. Nevertheless, it is shown that such an inequality is not sufficient for characterizing bounded composition operators even induced by univalent symbols. Furthermore, such inequality is no longer necessary if we drop the extra assumption on the symbol of being finitely-valent. In particular, this solves a question posed by Shapiro and Smith (2003). Finally, we show a striking link between the geometry of the underlying domain and the symbol inducing the composition operator in , and in this sense, we relate both facts characterizing bounded and compact composition operators whenever is a Lavrentiev domain.

     

Universal maps on trees

A map of continua and is called a universal map from to if for any map , for some point . When and are trees, we characterize universal maps by reducing to the case of light minimal universal maps. The characterization uses the notions of combinatorial map and folded subedge of .

     

A note on principal parts on projective space and linear representations

Let be a closed subgroup of a linear algebraic group defined over a field of characteristic zero. There is an equivalence of categories between the category of linear finite-dimensional representations of , and the category of finite rank -homogeneous vector bundles on . In this paper we will study this correspondence for the sheaves of principal parts on projective space, and we describe the representation corresponding to the principal parts of a line bundle on projective space.

     

Remarks on sphere-type theorems

We prove if is a complete Riemannian manifold with an embedded totally geodesic compact hypersurface such that has nonnegative sectional curvature, and the sectional curvature of is strictly positive in a neighborhood of , then the pair is diffeomorphic to the pair . This result gives an affirmative answer to a question of H. Wu in the case when is compact and simply connected.

     

Hodge structures on posets

Let be a poset with unique minimal and maximal elements and . For each , let be the vector space spanned by -chains from to in . We define the notion of a Hodge structure on which consists of a local action of on , for each , such that the boundary map intertwines the actions of and according to a certain condition.

We show that if has a Hodge structure, then the families of Eulerian idempotents intertwine the boundary map, and so we get a splitting of into Hodge pieces.

We consider the case where is , the poset of subsets of with cardinality divisible by is fixed, and is a multiple of . We prove a remarkable formula which relates the characters of acting on the Hodge pieces of the homologies of the to the characters of acting on the homologies of the posets of partitions with every block size divisible by .

     

A note on subgaussian estimates for linear functionals on convex bodies

We give an alternative proof of a recent result of Klartag on the existence of almost subgaussian linear functionals on convex bodies. If is a convex body in with volume one and center of mass at the origin, there exists such that

for all , where is an absolute constant. The proof is based on the study of the -centroid bodies of . Analogous results hold true for general log-concave measures.

     

Some Results on Pseudosquares

If is an odd prime, the pseudosquare is defined to be the least positive nonsquare integer such that and the Legendre symbol for all odd primes . In this paper we first discuss the connection between pseudosquares and primality testing. We then describe a new numerical sieving device which was used to extend the table of known pseudosquares up to . We also present several numerical results concerning the growth rate of the pseudosquares, results which so far confirm that , an inequality that must hold under the extended Riemann Hypothesis.

     

A note on tensor products of ample line bundles on abelian varieties

Let be a polarized abelian variety defined over the complex number field. Then we classify with such that is not -jet ample nor -very ample.

     

Means on chainable continua

By a mean on a space we understand a mapping such that and for . A chainable continuum is a metric compact connected space which admits an - mapping onto the interval for every number . We show that every chainable continuum that admits a mean is homeomorphic to the interval. In this way we answer a question by P. Bacon. We answer some other questions concerning means as well.

     

Integer-valued polynomials on Krull rings

If is a subring of a Krull ring such that is a valuation ring for every finite index , in Spec, we construct polynomials that map into the maximal possible (for a monic polynomial of fixed degree) power of , for all in Spec simultaneously. This gives a direct sum decomposition of Int, the -module of polynomials with coefficients in the quotient field of that map into , and a criterion when Int has a regular basis (one consisting of 1 polynomial of each non-negative degree).

     

A remark on normal derivations

Given a Hilbert space , let be operators on . Anderson has proved that if is normal and , then for all operators . Using this inequality, Du Hong-Ke has recently shown that if (instead) , then for all operators . In this note we improve the Du Hong-Ke inequality to for all operators . Indeed, we prove the equivalence of Du Hong-Ke and Anderson inequalities, and show that the Du Hong-Ke inequality holds for unitarily invariant norms.

     

A remark on quasi-isometries

We show that if is an quasi-isometry, with , defined on the unit ball of , then there is an affine isometry with where is a universal constant. This result is sharp.

     

A note on quasi-Frobenius rings

It is shown that a semiperfect ring is quasi-Frobenius if and only if every closed submodule of is non-small, where denotes the direct sum of copies of the right -module and is the first infinite ordinal.

     

Results and estimates on pseudopowers

Let be a positive integer. We say looks like a power of 2 modulo a prime if there exists an integer such that . First, we provide a simple proof of the fact that a positive integer which looks like a power of modulo all but finitely many primes is in fact a power of . Next, we define an -pseudopower of the base to be a positive integer that is not a power of , but looks like a power of modulo all primes . Let denote the least such . We give an unconditional upper bound on , a conditional result (on ERH) that gives a lower bound, and a heuristic argument suggesting that is about for a certain constant . We compare our heuristic model with numerical data obtained by a sieve. Some results for bases other than are also given.

     

Bloch-to-BMOA pullbacks on the disk

For a given holomorphic self map of the unit disk, we consider the Bloch-to- composition property (pullback property) of . Our results are cannot have the pullback property if touches the boundary too smoothly, while has the pullback property if touches the boundary rather sharply. One of these results yields an interesting consequence completely contrary to a higher dimensional result which has been known. These results resemble known results concerning the compactness of composition operators on the Hardy spaces. Some remarks in that direction are included.

     

Differential operators on Stanley-Reisner rings

Let be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and let be a polynomial ring. Suppose that is an ideal in that may be generated by monomials. We investigate the ring of differential operators on the ring , and , the idealiser of in . We show that and are always right Noetherian rings. If is a square-free monomial ideal then we also identify all the two-sided ideals of . To each simplicial complex on there is a corresponding square-free monomial ideal , and the Stanley-Reisner ring associated to is defined to be . We find necessary and sufficient conditions on for to be left Noetherian.

     

Remarks on the Schoof-Elkies-Atkin algorithm

Schoof's algorithm computes the number of points on an elliptic curve defined over a finite field . Schoof determines modulo small primes using the characteristic equation of the Frobenius of and polynomials of degree . With the works of Elkies and Atkin, we have just to compute, when is a ``good" prime, an eigenvalue of the Frobenius using polynomials of degree . In this article, we compute the complexity of Müller's algorithm, which is the best known method for determining one eigenvalue and we improve the final step in some cases. Finally, when is ``bad", we describe how to have polynomials of small degree and how to perform computations, in Schoof's algorithm, on -values only.

     

Polynomial structures on polycyclic groups

We know, by recent work of Benoist and of Burde & Grunewald, that there exist polycyclic-by-finite groups , of rank (the examples given were in fact nilpotent), admitting no properly discontinuous affine action on . On the other hand, for such , it is always possible to construct a properly discontinuous smooth action of on . Our main result is that any polycyclic-by-finite group of rank contains a subgroup of finite index acting properly discontinuously and by polynomial diffeomorphisms of bounded degree on . Moreover, these polynomial representations always appear to contain pure translations and are extendable to a smooth action of the whole group .

     

Continuous functions on compact groups

We show that every scalar valued continuous function on a compact group may be written as for all , where are vectors in a separable Hilbert space , and is a strongly continuous unitary valued function on which is a product of unitary representations and antirepresentations of on . This product is countable, but always converges uniformly on . Moreover the supremum norm of is matched by . This may be viewed as a `Fourier product representation' for , and complements a result of Eymard for the Fourier algebra. For `Fourier polynomials' we show that the Hilbert space may be taken to be finite dimensional, and the product finite, which is more or less obvious except in that we are able to match the correct norm. The main ingredients of the proof are the Peter-Weyl theory, Tannaka's duality theorem, and a method developed with Paulsen using a characterization of operator algebras due to the author, Ruan and Sinclair. We also give the analogues of these formulae for compact quantum groups.