Fluorescence enhancement induced by the presence of small silver particles in Eu3+ doped materials

We study the effect of small silver particles on the emission spectrum of Eu³⁺ doped materials. Depending on the excitation frequency and the concentration of silver particles embedded in the host material, a significant enhancement of the fluorescence from the Eu³⁺ ions is observed. This experimental observation corroborates the importance of the long-range electromagnetic interaction between the plasmons on the silver particles and the host medium. A theoretical analysis based on the electromagnetic model is made and satisfactory agreement with experiment is obtained.     

Sensitizing of Sm<Superscript>3+</Superscript> fluorescence by silver dopant in the TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> films

Composite material based on a TiO₂ matrix doped with Sm³⁺ ions and co-doped with silver was investigated. Samarium ions together with nano- and micro-aggregates of silver were incorporated into the titanium alkoxide during the sol-gel process. Samarium ions were excited either directly (λ _exc = 488 nm) or through the TiO₂ host (λ _exc = 355 nm). It was revealed that samarium fluorescence (λ _exc = 488 nm) in gelled TiO₂ films is enhanced by up to 20 times in the vicinity of silver inclusions. Sensitizing and plasmonic mechanisms of enhancement in Sm³⁺ fluorescence are discussed.     

Erratum to Formation and control of Au and Ag nanoparticles inside borate glasses using femtosecond laser and heat treatment

We report the spectroscopic properties of femtosecond laser-irradiated sodium-alumino-borate glass doped with silver and gold ions. We precipitated gold and silver nanoparticles by laser irradiation and annealing at 400°C for 30 min. The irradiation and annealing treatment produced different absorption and emission characteristics in Au³⁺ doped and Au³⁺, Ag⁺ codoped glasses, and the possible mechanisms of the observed results are discussed. The size of the nanoparticles was estimated by TEM and absorption band analysis.     

Configurational coordinate diagram of Ni2+ doped silver halide crystals,as determined by optical and luminescence measurements

Optical and luminescence measurements were carried out on Ni²⁺ doped silver halide crystals. The configurational coordinates of the ground and the first excited states made it possible to explain the important optical properties, such as the Stokes shift between the ground and excited states, the broadening of the bands with temperature and the thermal quenching. Determining the configurational coordinate diagram of the ground and first excited states is the first step for the design and fabrication of solid state and fiber lasers which are based on Ni²⁺ doped silver halides and which operate in the middle infrared.     

Ion transport studies in zinc/cadmium halide doped silver phosphate glasses

A number of samples of silver phosphate glasses Ag₂O−P₂O₅−Zn/CdX₂ (X=Cl, Br or I) with 1, 5, 10 and 20 mol-% zinc or cadmium halides have been prepared. Control samples of undoped silver phosphate glasses were also prepared. These glasses were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, IR spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, transference number measurements and electrical conductivity studies. These glasses were found to be essentially ionic conductors. The undoped silver phosphate glass (Ag₂O−P₂O₅) has a low σ value in comparison to the doped ones. The conductivity (σ) in the doped glasses increases substantially with increasing concentration of dopant salts Zn/or CdX₂ and as the anions of the dopants are changed from Cl⁻ to I⁻. It is found that the σ values of the ZnX₂ doped glasses are slightly greater than those of the CdX₂ doped ones, and the silver phosphate glasses doped with (20 mol-%) Zn/CdI₂ yielded maximum conductivity. The results have been discussed and explained on the basis of changes in the structure of the glass matrix by the addition of dopant ions of different sizes, IR spectra and thermal studies.     

The influence of point defects on the photophysics of the silver halides doped with Re3+ complexes

Abstract

An EPR study of silver halide single crystals and emulsions doped with Re³⁺ complexes has been completed. Deep electron trapping by the dopant is facilitated by the presence of substitutional Re³⁺ sites with less than their complete complement of charge compensating silver ion vacancies.     

Photoluminescence characteristics of ZnS nanocrystallites doped with Ti3+and Ti4+

Direct synthesis of ZnS nanocrystallites doped with Ti³⁺ or Ti⁴⁺ by precipitation has led to novel photoluminescence properties. Detailed X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence spectrophotometry, UV–vis spectrophotometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis reveal the crystal lattice structure, average size, emission spectra, absorption spectra and composition. The average crystallite size doped with different mole ratios, estimated from the Debye–Scherrer formula, is about 2.6±0.2 nm. The nanoparticles can be doped with Ti³⁺ and Ti⁴⁺ during the synthesis without the X-ray diffraction pattern being altered. The strong and stable visible-light emission has been observed from ZnS nanocrystallites doped with Ti³⁺ (its maximum fluorescence intensity is about twice that of undoped ZnS nanoparticles). However, the fluorescence intensity of the ZnS nanocrystallites doped with Ti⁴⁺ is almost the same as that of the undoped ZnS nanoparticles. The emission peak of the undoped sample is at 440–450 nm. The emission spectrum of the doped sample consists of two emission peaks, one at 420–430 nm and the other at 510 nm. Received: 27 April 2001 / Accepted: 16 August 2001 / Published online: 17 October 2001     

Fluorescence enhancement of Ln doped nanoparticles

Fluorescence emission of Ln³⁺ doped nanoparticles is influenced by many factors. Enhancement of fluorescence emission of Ln³⁺ doped nanoparticles can be achieved either through an external approach or an internal adjustment. The external approaches mainly include application of core/shell configuration and metal or semiconductor nanoparticles. Varying the crystal phase of the nanoparticle or introducing a codopant sensitizer are the internal approaches frequently used to obtain fluorescence enhancement, which are through inner adjustments to change the local structure, local symmetry and interaction with active ions. In the current work, efforts to obtain luminescence enhancement in Ln³⁺ doped nanoparticles through external or internal approaches are reviewed. The important roles of local symmetry and asymmetric interactions with optically active ions are extensively discussed.     

SERS活性表面荧光增强或淬灭的机制研究

利用银胶和银镜两种SERS活性表面,对吸附分子的荧光增强或淬灭机制进行了实验和理论研究.结果表明,荧光增强或淬灭主要取决于局域电磁场增强和分子到金属表面无辐射能量转移过程的竞争效应.当满足吸收共振增强和辐射共振增强时,荧光被增强,反之荧光被淬灭.荧光增强最大一般只为10—10²倍,远小于喇曼截面的增强. 关键词：     

Properties of silver chloride track detectors

In recent years significant achievements in the field of silver chloride track detector preparation were obtained mainly due to efforts of German specialists from Frankfurt/Main and Munich.^1,2 On the basis of silver chloride crystals doped with lead and cadmium (or calcium), track detectors with sensitivity to charged particles which could be switched on and off by exposing to yellow light radiation were obtained.     

Optical Properties of Planar Nanostructures Based on Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Plasmonic Metal Nanoparticles

The optical properties of a composite material consisting of a thin polymer film, which is activated by semiconductor CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) and silver nanoparticles, on a transparent dielectric substrate have been investigated. It is revealed that the presence of silver nanoparticles leads to an increase in the QD absorption (by a factor of 4) and in the fluorescence intensity (by a factor of 10), whereas the fluorescence time drops by a factor of about 10. Excitation of the composite medium by a pulsed laser is found to result in narrowing of the fluorescence band and a sublinear dependence of its intensity on the pulse energy. In the absence of silver nanoparticles, the fluorescence spectrum of QDs is independent of the excitation-pulse energy density, and the fluorescence intensity depends linearly on the pulse energy in the entire range of energy densities, up to 75 mJ/cm².     

XRF analysis of arsenic‐doped skin phantoms

Chronic arsenic poisoning can lead to serious health problems including vascular disorders and cancer. Therefore, the development of a system to measure arsenic in vivo would be useful in monitoring exposure. In particular, as skin is one of the tissues in which arsenic has health consequences and is stored for a prolonged period of time, an in vivo measure of skin arsenic content would be a clinically useful measure of chronic exposure. The preliminary development of an x‐ray fluorescence system to measure arsenic in vivo is reported. Standard addition arsenic‐ doped polyester resin phantoms were prepared, and the fluorescence induced by silver K x‐rays from a ¹⁰⁹Cd source was measured. Preliminary estimates of detection limits for an 8 mm thick phantom and an effective dose of ～0.3 µSv are 3.5 ± 0.2 and 10.3 ± 0.5 ppm in 90 and 180° measurement geometries, respectively, for a measurement time of 30 min. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spectroscopic studies of Eu doped calibo glass: Effect of the addition of barium carbonate, energy transfer in the presence of Sm

Optical properties of Eu³⁺ doped calibo glass has been studied in presence and absence of BaO and their dependence on BaO concentration explored. It is found that the fluorescence intensity increases and approaches maximum for 10% of BaO content but get quenched for higher concentrations. The energy transfer between two asimilar rare earth ions (Sm³⁺:Eu³⁺) doped in calibo glass has been verified on the basis of changes in fluorescence yield.     

Dielectric measurements of OH- centers in silver chloride

Dielectric measurements on silver chloride doped with hydroxyl ions show the defect is oriented in the 〈111〉 direction with a dipole moment of 1.1 debye. It reorients by a classical rate process with an activation energy of 94 cm^-1.     

Infrared radiative recombination in Rh3+doped AgBr

Infrared photoluminescence was used to characterize the low-temperature radiative recombination processes in Rh³⁺doped silver bromide single crystals. A single structureless band was observed with a peak emission wavelength of 1.6 μm. The results of our experiments suggest that Rh³⁺ impurity sites are responsible for this emission. The lifetime of the emission was determined as a function of temperature; the 6.5 K lifetime is 1.6 ± 0.1 ms. A configuration coordinate model for the electronic states of transition-metal impurities in silver halides is used to describe the results.     

The influence of low-temperature silver-ion exchange on the spectral-luminescent properties of fluorophosphate glasses doped with PbSe

Changes in the absorption and luminescence spectra of fluorophosphate glasses doped with PbSe caused by low-temperature Ag⁺–Na⁺ ion exchange are considered. It is found that the silver distribution gradient in a near-surface layer about 16 μm thick leads to two different processes of interaction between metal and semiconductor nanoparticles. PbSe molecular clusters and quantum dots more efficiently grow in deep layers with a low silver concentration. The near-surface glass layers with a high silver concentration exhibit formation of Ag metal nanoparticles, on the surface of which interaction with PbSe molecular clusters leads to the formation of Ag–Se–Pb bonds, which transform into Ag₂Se layers in the process of heat treatment. The appearance of the new phase is confirmed by X-ray diffraction.     

调控声子提高Tm3+掺杂体系的频率上转换荧光

应用激光光谱学技术,探讨了Tm³⁺离子掺杂透明氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷体系中声子调控对红色激光抽运荧光辐射性质的影响. 研究了基质结构和样品环境温度与电声子相互作用的联系以及声子变化对于荧光辐射产生的影响. 发现改变基质材料的SiO₂含量能影响蓝色上转换荧光效率. 另外,依据温度与声子能量之间的联系,通过改变样品环境温度可明显调节低声子基质材料中掺杂离子激发态能级的布居速率,改变上转换效率. 关键词： 荧光辐射 声子 无辐射弛豫 荧光寿命     

(Pr3+ ,Yb3+ )共掺氟化物玻璃上转换敏化发光

实验中选用Pr³⁺和Yb³⁺:ZBLAN玻璃作为频率上转换发光材料,并详细说明了选用这种材料的原因;分析了上转换发光强度与抽运光强度和离子掺杂浓度的关系,从而得出了实现较清晰双频上转换三维立体图像的实验条件. 关键词： 上转换发光 3+和Yb³⁺离子')" href="#">Pr³⁺和Yb³⁺离子 ZBLAN玻璃 吸收光谱     

荧光/表面增强拉曼散射双模式纳米光学探针的构建及性能研究

提出一种新型的荧光及表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）双模式光学纳米探针。首先,通过再沉淀-包覆法合成二氧化硅包覆香豆素6的纳米颗粒,再在二氧化硅表面静电吸附多聚赖氨酸分子形成包覆层,随后通过原位还原的方法在多聚赖氨酸壳层复合银纳米颗粒,最后在银纳米颗粒表面吸附拉曼分子即形成双模式纳米探针。该探针通过二氧化硅包覆的荧光分子产生荧光信号,以多聚赖氨酸表面的银纳米颗粒作为SERS增强基底,利用拉曼分子获得SERS信号,实现了荧光及SERS双模式成像。荧光与表面增强拉曼散射相结合的双模式分析技术可同时发挥二者的优点,提高成像的分辨率和灵敏度,在生物医学领域具有重要的应用价值。     

Feasibility study of CaSO4:Eu,CaSO4:Eu,Ag and CaSO4:Eu,Ag(NP) as thermoluminescent dosimeters

This work evaluates the dosimetric properties of crystals of CaSO₄ doped with unusual elements, such as europium (Eu) and silver (Ag), including their nanoparticle forms, after the incorporation of glass or Teflon and compares them with well-known thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). X-ray diffraction analyses showed that samples of doped CaSO₄ exhibit only a single phase corresponding to the crystal structure of anhydrite. Optical spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Eu³⁺ in the crystal matrix and a luminescent gain due the presence of silver nanoparticles. The composites showed thermoluminescent emission glow curves, with a single peak centered at approximately 200 °C for pellets with Teflon and at 230 °C for pellets with glass. The dosimeters based on calcium sulfate doped with europium and silver nanoparticles provided the most intense thermoluminescent (TL) emission of the composites studied. In comparison with commercial TLD, such as LiF:Mg,Ti and CaSO₄:Dy, the CaSO₄:Eu,Ag(NP)+glass produced in this work presented similar low detection limits and higher sensitivity. The new methods for the preparation of dosimeters and the incorporation of glass are shown to be viable because all of the samples presented a linear, reproducible and first order kinetic TL emission.