供应链失效模式风险评价排序与关联性分析

针对传统的失效模式与影响分析(FMEA)在风险评估中存在的若干缺陷,提出了基于云模型和区间二元混合加权距离测度(ITHWD)的改进FMEA供应链失效模式风险评价排序方法,这种改进FMEA方法有效解决了不同专家对决策信息的主观偏好、风险因子的相对权重问题.针对排序结果,利用复杂网络理论,构建了失效模式复杂传播网络结构关系图,对失效模式间的关联性进行了研究,系统分析了失效模式间关联关系对风险造成的不同影响.最后,通过案例供应链,验证了改进FMEA与复杂网络理论在供应链失效模式风险评价排序和失效模式间关联分析方面的可行性和有效性.     

基于犹豫模糊偏好关系FMEA方法的改进

为有效解决产品在研发过程中存在的一系列质量可靠性问题,本文提出了一种新的基于犹豫模糊偏好关系的改进FMEA方法。考虑到专家小组对不同失效模式评估时主要依据相关标准和自身经验,存在犹豫模糊不确定或自身偏好问题。本文首先对风险因子的评分标准进行犹豫模糊化,并用犹豫模糊偏好关系对失效模式的相对风险矩阵进行处理;其次,将得到的具有犹豫模糊偏好关系的综合偏好值与犹豫模糊评价信息相结合,得到改进的风险优先数,从而得出新的失效模式风险评估顺序对FMEA进行改进;最后,利用改进的FMEA模型对产品研发过程中的质量风险进行分析验证,使得风险结果更接近实际情况,进而提高研发成功率,显示该方法可行、有效。     

基于FMEA的企业研发活动风险评估研究

企业研发是一项复杂的系统化活动,实施过程中往往面临着多种风险因素.在对企业研发活动进行管理的过程中,不仅要识别、分析这些因素,还要对研发风险水平进行评估,从而把有限的资源投入到关键风险因素的管理中去,提高研发活动效率.应用了FMEA对研发风险进行评估,设计出FMEA在研发风险管理中应用的具体流程.通过对企业研发活动进行分析,找出研发活动潜在失效模式及后果.然后在定义潜在失效模式严重度(S)、发生度(O)和检测度(D)等级的基础上,对各失效模式的风险优先度(RPN)进行计算,进而通过柏拉图分析确定重要的失效模式,并采取相应的防范措施,降低研发风险.     

基于熵权可拓模型的深大基坑施工风险评估

随着人们对地下空间的不断开发、利用,深大基坑逐渐增多.深大基坑施工技术较为复杂,施工过程中存在的风险因素较多,一旦风险发生损失严重,因此,对深大基坑风险进行评估十分必要.首先,介绍深大基坑风险评估的主要方法及研究不足,通过文献研究及专家调查法识别深大基坑施工过程中存在的主要风险;其次,采用AHP确定评估指标主观权重,采用熵权法确定指标客观权重,根据最小熵原理将主客观权重进行组合,获得最终权重.基于该权重建立深大基坑施工风险评估可拓模型,模型综合考虑了风险发生的概率及带来的损失,将风险定级;最后,结合某地铁站深大基坑进行实例研究,得出深大基坑施工过程中风险等级为u4级,即风险较高的结论,并给出了一些合理建议.     

基于群组AHP法的桥梁设计安全风险评估

针对桥梁工程设计阶段的安全风险评估多采用定性研究的现状,提出基于群组AHP法的安全风险评估方法.首先基于一致性矩阵的性质,对专家指标权重算法进行改进;再利用《指南》的风险源评估方法,建立桥梁设计安全风险评估层次结构模型;然后以专家调查法定性分析为基础,采用改进群组AHP法计算各项目层和目标层多个专家的指标权重,求得各层次的评价值和风险等级;最后以某山区悬索桥为例给出桥梁设计安全风险评估的流程.结果表明,群组AHP法的评估结论较为合理,实现了桥梁设计风险评估定性与定量方法的有机结合,计算方法应用方便,具有实际应用价值,可对桥梁设计安全风险评估提供参考.     

企业并购中风险的识别与评估研究

为准确识别、度量和降低企业并购风险,在对企业并购因素进行识别和定性分析基础上,建立了一套较全面的企业并购风险多层次评估指标体系,同时利用未确知理论给出了一种适合企业并购特点的未确知测度风险评估模型.模型结构严谨、精细,并通过实例验证了该评估模型的科学有效性.     

基于直觉正态云的决策方法及其在风险评估中的应用

本文以船舶风险评估问题为背景,通过结合直觉语言变量、云模型和前景理论来构建风险型评价模型.首先,采用直觉语言变量表征决策者的主观评估信息;其次,利用云模型生成方法将直觉语言变量转化为直觉正态云,从定性与定量相结合的角度反映决策者的主观不确定性;此外,定义直觉正态云的距离和可能度公式,将其嵌入前景理论构建前景值矩阵;最后...     

大型客机协同研制工艺技术风险的正态云模型评估

研究不确定情景下大型客机协同研制正态云模型风险评估方法及应用问题。建立了正态云模型的偏差熵测度,提出了面向云模型偏差熵的指标权重确定模型,构建了面向多数据类型的正态云模型风险评估方法。建立了涵盖工艺标准、工艺方案等五个指标的大型客机协同研制供应商工艺技术风险评估指标体系,并基于正态云模型评估方法进行了实际应用。     

基于前景理论与PROMETHEE的FMEA风险评估

针对考虑群体评价一致性和专家心理感知行为影响的失效模式及影响分析风险评估问题,提出了基于前景理论和偏好序结构排序法(PROMETHEE)的风险评估方法。首先,专家团队采用语言变量表征风险因子评价信息,利用直觉模糊熵确定风险因子客观权重;其次,采用灰关联度刻画专家评价与群体评价的一致性,以最大化关联度和极大熵准则构建专家权重优化模型;然后,集成风险因子和专家的主客观权重,获得风险因子及专家的综合权重;再次,运用直觉模糊加权平均算子集结专家评价信息,进而借助前景理论构建反应专家心理感知的前景矩阵;最后,基于PROMETHEE方法确定失效模式风险排序,并利用液晶显示器的案例验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

民用无人机飞行风险评估与控制系统

为了有效评估无人机系统飞行安全风险并提出针对性风险控制措施,设计了无人机系统飞行安全风险评估与控制系统.首先基于运营决策支持和立法基础数据收集这一目标建立了系统的框架结构;然后针对风险控制需求,设计了无人机事故案例本体表示,实现了基于语义和属性值的综合相似性检索算法;针对风险评估需求,软件实现了无人机系统飞行危险源识别方法和定量的风险评估模型,最后通过危险源识别与重用无人机事故案例的方式提出风险控制措施.实验结果表明,无人机风险评估与控制原型系统为无人机系统的飞行安全提供了系统的解决方案.     

基于云推理模型的武器装备研制风险评估研究

武器装备研制过程充满了不确定性和风险,因此对武器装备研制风险进行研究对于实现武器装备研制目标具有重要的意义.界定了武器装备研制风险相关概念,介绍了云推理理论,构建了武器装备研制风险的云推理评估模型,实现了定性变量与定量变量相互映射,最后,通过实例对模型进行了验证.     

考虑公众风险感知的突发事件风险传播模型及仿真研究

突发事件应对过程中,公众对突发事件的风险感知会在一定程度上决定其行为选择从而影响事件风险的传播。为此,本文通过分析突发事件风险信息、风险感知和风险传播的路径关系,在风险传播过程中引入传染病传播机制,构建基于微分方程的风险传播模型。综合考虑风险传播阈值、媒体报道力度、群体风险感知度、个人风险知识水平四类因素并结合仿真实验分析对风险感知和风险传播行为的影响。最后,通过实例研究表明模型结论的有效性。本文研究结论有助于为相关职能部门调节公众风险感知,制定风险防控措施提供理论依据与支持。     

Failure risk propagation and protection schemes in coupled systems

Many modern systems have the property of coupling, which weakens the system against the outburst of failure. The risks to fail in a single layer may propagate to the entire system through inter-layer connections. In the field of propagation process, the existing literatures mainly focus on the global phenomena in coupled systems through some statistic methods, the dynamical evolution of failure risk propagation and the protection schemes for coupled systems are seldom mentioned. In this paper, we model the coupled systems using six types of coupled networks, over which the failure risk propagation occurs. Then, three cellular automata (CA) models are performed to describe the protection schemes in case of failure risk propagation. Based on a newly presented measurement, a series of experiments are conducted on the coupled networks as well as the single-layered networks, where the propagation processes with and without protection schemes are demonstrated. The results show that the failure risk propagation varies depending on the type and structure of the coupled networks. Moreover, with a small fraction of nodes protected based on some immunization strategies, the system’s robustness to the failure risk propagation is highly improved.     

Risk measurement and risk identification for BOT projects: A multi-attribute utility approach

This paper aims to identify and assess the potential risks faced by private sectors in holding BOT projects through the risk assessment model developed herein. The multi-attribute utility function and aggregation utility are established using the multi-attribute utility theory to evaluate the risk state of each uncertainty, and in turn to determine whether such an uncertainty is a risk factor or not from the negotiator group’s viewpoint. This model shows that the uncertainty is regarded as a risk factor only when the aggregation utility value is less than the average aggregation utility value when the outcome, attribute, and states of a factor as well as its occurrence probability are all independent. A numerical example is also utilized to demonstrate the application of the developed risk assessment model. Results of the numerical example reveal that the concession period of a BOT project is the primary risk factor whereas the foreign exchange ratio is the secondary risk factor. Accordingly, the concession period dominates the negotiation results of BOT projects.     

A carbon risk prediction model for Chinese heavy-polluting industrial enterprises based on support vector machine

Chinese heavy-polluting industrial enterprises, especially petrochemical or chemical industry, labeled low carbon efficiency and high emission load, are facing the tremendous pressure of emission reduction under the background of global shortage of energy supply and constrain of carbon emission. However, due to the limited amount of theoretic and practical research in this field, problems like lacking prediction indicators or models, and the quantified standard of carbon risk remain unsolved. In this paper, the connotation of carbon risk and an assessment index system for Chinese heavy-polluting industrial enterprises (eg. coal enterprise, petrochemical enterprises, chemical enterprises et al.) based on support vector machine are presented. By using several heavy-polluting industrial enterprises’ related data, SVM model is trained to predict the carbon risk level of a specific enterprise, which allows the enterprise to identify and manage its carbon risks. The result shows that this method can predict enterprise’s carbon risk level in an efficient, accurate way with high practical application and generalization value.     

基于模糊Borda法的毕节地区干旱灾害风险组合评价研究

以贵州省毕节地区的8个市、县作为研究对象,从形成干旱灾害风险的危险性、暴露性、脆弱性和防灾减灾能力等4个因素考虑,选取气温、降水、日照百分率等方面的23个指标,构建了毕节地区干旱灾害风险评价指标体系.首先,针对区域干旱灾害风险评价指标定量描述的不确定性和评价结果等级判定的不确定性,构建了基于正态云模型和熵权法的区域干旱灾害风险评价模型;然后,用此模型和干旱灾害风险指数模型分别进行了实证测评;最后,利用模糊Borda法对两种单一方法的评价结果进行组合,得出组合评价结果.与单一方法相比,组合评价结果具有较高的可信度,从而为各级政府更为有效的指导防灾和备灾,减少旱灾损失提供了决策依据;有助于更为有效的对干旱灾害进行早期预警;有助于抗旱应急预案的编制.     

Modelling and assessing ERP project risks: A Petri Net approach

Risk management of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) projects is largely recognized as a very complex task both by academics and practitioners. Strict interconnections among risk factors often occur so that indirect effects on the overall project performance are very likely. Unfortunately, the implications of interdependency are usually underestimated by project managers and decision makers since they are difficult to include in any risk assessment logic. This work shows how Colored Petri Nets (CPNs) can be used to model risk factors in ERP projects in order to deal with the problem of interdependence in risk assessment. The technique is presented through an application to a real case study. Findings highlight the importance of interdependence and the indirect links for an effective ranking of risks. Furthermore, results emphasize the valuable support of CPNs in risk factor modelling since they allow both a more structured and systematic risk analysis and a more accurate planning for effective risk treatment actions.     

考虑云安全风险的个人云存储服务最优定价策略

针对现有个人云存储服务纷纷关闭的现象,如何根据不同市场时期和云用户特征,制定合理的定价策略已成为个人云存储服务商面临的挑战性问题。本文在考虑云安全风险,云用户感知价值及弹性成本对个人云存储服务定价的影响,建立了基于云安全风险的两阶段定价模型,给出了免费试用时长确定下的最优决策及免费试用时长不确定下的最优免费试用时长及最优价格。借助数值分析,进一步研究了云安全风险系数,云用户感知价值,云安全运营成本系数对最优免费时长,最优利润的影响,结果表明,当云安全风险系数适中时,个人云存储供应商(PCSP)采取两阶段定价策略。另外,最优利润随着云安全风险系数,免费试用时长,单位安全运营成本的增加先增加后减少。