退火温度对TiO_2/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜光电性能的影响

采用水热法在FTO上制备(001)高活性晶面主导的TiO_2纳米片薄膜,利用循环伏安法在TiO_2纳米片薄膜上沉积CdSe颗粒,制备了TiO_2/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜。分别在150、250、350、450℃,氩气保护气氛中对样品进行退火。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、X射线光电子能谱分析仪(XPS)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)分光光度计以及电化学工作站对不同温度退火后的TiO_2/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜的微观形貌、晶体结构、光电化学性能进行表征和测试。结果表明:六方相CdSe纳米颗粒均匀包覆在TiO_2纳米片表面,直径30 nm左右;随着退火温度的升高CdSe纳米颗粒长大,形成光滑的CdSe薄膜,且晶化程度提高;TiO_2纳米片表面的Se元素与Cd元素发生氧化;TiO_2/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜对可见光的吸收光谱发生红移,禁带宽度逐渐减小。光电化学性能测试表明随着退火温度的升高,TiO_2/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜的光电流密度显著提高,开路电压减小,但由于SeO_2和CdO的出现,导致填充因子减小,影响光电转换效率的提高。在本实验条件下,TiO_2/CdSe纳米片异质结薄膜的最佳退火温度为150℃,填充因子为0.77,光电转换效率达到3.12%。     

脉冲沉积制备Cu2O/TiO2纳米管异质结的可见光光催化性能

在用阳极氧化法制备有序排列TiO₂纳米管阵列薄膜的基础上,引入脉冲沉积工艺,成功实现了均匀、弥散分布的Cu₂O纳米颗粒修饰改性TiO₂纳米管阵列,形成Cu₂O/TiO₂ 纳米管异质结复合材料. 利用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、场发射透射电镜（FETEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）对样品进行表征,重点研究了Cu₂O/TiO₂ 纳米管异质结的光电化学特性和对甲基橙（MO）的可见光催化降解性能. 结果表明,Cu₂O纳米颗粒均匀附着在TiO₂纳米管阵列的管口和中部位置,所制备的Cu₂O/TiO₂ 纳米管异质结具有高效的可见光光催化性能;在浓度为0.01 mol·L^-1的CuSO₄溶液中制得的Cu₂O/TiO₂纳米管异质结表现出最好的电化学特性和光催化性能;另外,对Cu₂O纳米颗粒影响光催化活性的机理进行了讨论.     

Ce掺杂Bi2MoO6/TiO2纳米纤维异质结的制备及可见光催化性能

以静电纺丝技术制备的TiO₂纳米纤维为基质,通过溶剂热法制备了异质结型稀土Ce掺杂Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂复合纳米纤维。利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电镜（TEM）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）以及荧光光谱（PL）等分析测试手段对样品的物相、形貌和光学性能等进行表征。以罗丹明B为模拟有机污染物,研究了样品的可见光催化性能。结果表明：在稀土掺杂样品中,Ce离子进入Bi₂MoO₆晶格,部分取代Bi³⁺,导致晶胞膨胀,晶格畸变,形成缺陷;与TiO₂复合形成异质结,有利于光生电荷的产生、转移和有效分离,从而提高TiO₂纳米纤维的光催化活性。可见光照射180 min,罗丹明B的降解率达到95.1%。经5次循环光催化降解活性基本不变,样品具有良好的光催化稳定性。     

聚3-甲基噻吩修饰硫化物量子点连接纳米结构TiO2膜的光电化学研究

采用原位化学法在纳米结构TiO₂膜上制备了量子点CdS, PbS (Q-CdS, Q-PbS), 并用电化学方法在TiO₂/Q-CdS, TiO₂/Q-PbS表面聚合3-甲基噻吩[poly(3-Methylthiophene, PMeT)]. 用光电化学方法研究了PMeT修饰Q-CdS, Q-PbS连接TiO₂纳米结构膜, 实验结果表明, PMeT和Q-CdS, Q-PbS单独修饰纳米结构TiO₂电极和PMeT修饰Q-CdS, Q-PbS连接纳米结构TiO₂电极的光电流产生的起始波长都向长波方向移动; 一定条件下在可见光区光电转换效率均较纳米结构TiO₂的光电转换效率有明显的提高; 聚3-甲基噻吩(PMeT)与Q-CdS, Q-PbS连接的纳米结构TiO₂之间存在p-n异质结. 在一定条件下p-n异质结的存在有利于光生电子/空穴的分离, 在本文实验条件下PMeT修饰Q-CdS, Q-PbS连接纳米结构TiO₂电极最高的单色光的光电转换效率分别为11%和7%.     

TiO2纳米棒和CdSe纳米棒复合膜与聚3-甲基噻吩杂化太阳能电池研究

采用水热法制备了TiO₂和CdSe两种纳米棒材料, 将两种纳米材料制备成TiO₂/CdSe复合纳米棒膜电极, 并在复合膜上电化学聚合生成聚3-甲基噻吩poly(3-methylthiophene) (PMeT), 研究了其光电化学性能. 实验表明, 当TiO₂与CdSe的物质的量复合比为2∶1, PMeT的聚合时间为40 s, 在电极电势为－0.2 V下ITO/TiO₂/CdSe/PMeT电极光电转换效率(IPCE)达到56%, 对比ITO/TiO₂/CdSe复合膜电极在长波方向的光电转换效率明显提高, 光吸收截止波长发生了明显的红移. 同时以ITO/TiO₂/CdSe/PMeT组装了简易的杂化太阳电池, 初步研究了光电池性能, 光电池总效率为0.08%, V_oc＝0.4 V, j_sc＝0.61 mA/cm², ff＝0.33.     

Bi2WO6/TiO2纳米管异质结构复合材料的多模式下的光催化活性比较

以TiO₂纳米管为模板,采用多组分自组装结合水热法制备Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂纳米管异质结构复合材料。通过多种技术如X射线衍射（XRD）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）,N₂吸附-脱附,扫描电镜（SEM）,高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱（UV-Vis DRS）考察所制备样品的组成、结构、形貌、光吸收和电子性质。Bi₂WO₆纳米片或纳米粒子分布在TiO₂纳米管上,形成异质结构。随后,通过在紫外、可见和微波辅助光催化模式下降解染料罗丹明B（RhB）来评价复合催化剂的光催化活性。与TiO₂纳米管和Bi₂WO₆相比,Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-35纳米管在多模式下表现出更优异的光催化活性。与紫外和可见降解模式相比,Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-35纳米管在微波辅助光催化模式下对RhB的降解效率最高。这种增强的光催化活性源于适量Bi₂WO₆的引入、纳米管独特的形貌特征和降解模式所引起的增强的量子效率。降解过程中的活性物种被证明是h⁺,·OH和·O₂^-自由基。而且,在微波辅助光催化模式下,可产生更多的·OH和·O₂^-自由基。     

Bi2WO6/TiO2纳米管异质结构复合材料的多模式下的光催化活性比较

以TiO₂纳米管为模板,采用多组分自组装结合水热法制备Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂纳米管异质结构复合材料。通过多种技术如X射线衍射（XRD）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）,N₂吸附脱附,扫描电镜（SEM）,高分辨透射电镜（HRTEM）和紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱（UV-Vis DRS）考察所制备样品的组成、结构、形貌、光吸收和电子性质。Bi₂WO₆纳米片或纳米粒子分布在TiO₂纳米管上,形成异质结构。随后,通过在紫外、可见和微波辅助光催化模式下降解染料罗丹明B（RhB）来评价复合催化剂的光催化活性。与TiO₂纳米管和Bi₂WO₆相比,Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-35纳米管在多模式下表现出更优异的光催化活性。与紫外和可见降解模式相比,Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-35纳米管在微波辅助光催化模式下对RhB的降解效率最高。这种增强的光催化活性源于适量Bi₂WO₆的引入、纳米管独特的形貌特征和降解模式所引起的增强的量子效率。降解过程中的活性物种被证明是h⁺,·OH和·O₂^-自由基。而且,在微波辅助光催化模式下,可产生更多的·OH和·O₂^-自由基。     

TiO2纳米微球的制备及在染料敏化太阳能电池中的应用

以四氯化钛、盐酸为原料,制备出花状TiO₂纳米微球,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）等测试方法,对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征。为了提高TiO₂微球电池的光电性能,利用TiO₂微球作为反射层构造了双层结构的薄膜电极,结果表明,双层结构染料敏化太阳能电池在100 mW·cm^-2（1.5 G）光照条件下,短路光电流J_sc为17.64 mA·cm^-2,开路光电压Voc为0.74 V,填充因子FF为0.63和光电转化效率η为8.33%。相比TiO₂微球制备的太阳能电池,双层结构染料敏化太阳能电池光电转化效率提高至5.3倍。最后对电极中染料的吸附量、电极的光散射性能和电池的电化学阻抗做了进一步研究和分析,研究表明,双层结构电池增强光的捕获能力,从而提高光伏性能。     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

Structure Study of Bi2.5Na0.5Ta2O9 and Bi2.5Nam−1.5NbmO3m+3 (m=2-4) by Neutron Powder Diffraction and Electron Microscopy

The crystal structures of Bi_2.5Na_0.5Ta₂O₉ and Bi_2.5Na_m-1.5Nb_mO_3m+3 (m=3,4) have been investigated by the Rietveld analysis of their neutron powder diffraction patterns (λ=1.470 Å). These compounds belong to the Aurivillius phase family and are built up by (Bi₂O₂)²⁺ fluorite layers and (A_m-1B_mO_3m+1)^2- (m=2-4) pseudo-perovskite slabs. Bi_2.5Na_0.5Ta₂O₉ (m=2) and Bi_2.5Na_2.5Nb₄O₁₅ (m=4) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group A2₁am, Z=4, with lattice constants of a=5.4763(4), b=5.4478(4), c=24.9710 (15) and a=5.5095(5), b=5.4783(5), c=40.553(3) Å, respectively. Bi_2.5Na_1.5Nb₃O₁₂ (m=3) has been refined in the orthorhombic space group B2cb, Z=4, with the unit-cell parameters a=5.5024(7), b=5.4622(7), and c=32.735(4) Å. In comparison with its isostructural Nb analogue, the structure of Bi_2.5Na_0.5Ta₂O₉ is less distorted and bond valence sum calculations indicate that the Ta-O bonds are somewhat stronger than the Nb-O bonds. The cell parameters a and b increase with increasing m for the compounds Bi_2.5Na_m-1.5Nb_mO_3m+3 (m=2-4), causing a greater strain in the structure. Electron microscopy studies verify that the intergrowth of mixed perovskite layers, caused by stacking faults, also increases with increasing m.     

Sb2O3/BiVO4/WO3异质结构建及光电催化合成过氧化氢

采用溶剂热法-旋涂法构建了Sb₂O₃/BiVO₄/WO₃半导体异质结,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱等手段表征了其物化性质。在1.23 V(vs RHE)电位下,BiVO₄/WO₃的光电流密度相对于BiVO₄提高了2倍。进一步复合Sb₂O₃之后,虽然Sb₂O₃/BiVO₄/WO₃薄膜的光电流密度有所下降,但其光电催化产H₂O₂的法拉第效率和产生速率得到明显提升。在1.89V(vs RHE)电位下,3c-Sb₂O₃/BiVO₄/WO₃薄膜产 H₂O₂的法拉第效率提高到约 19%;1c-Sb₂O₃/BiVO₄/WO₃薄膜 H₂O₂产生速率从约2.1 μmol·h^-1·cm^-2提高到约3.6 μmol·h^-1·cm^-2。此外,Sb₂O₃的复合显著提高了BiVO₄/WO₃电极材料的光电催化稳定性。     

The crystal chemistry of Bi6TP2O15+x, T=Fe, Ni, Zn: Isomorphism and polymorphism, structural relationship to Bi6TiP2O16

The crystal structures of compounds with nominal compositions Bi₆FeP₂O_15+x (I), Bi₆NiP₂O_15+x (II) and Bi₆ZnP₂O_15+x (III) were determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. They are monoclinic, space group I2, Z=2. The lattice parameters for (I) are a=11.2644(7), b=5.4380(3), c=11.1440(5) Å, β=96.154(4)°; for (II) a=11.259(7), b=5.461(4), c=11.109(7) Å, β=96.65(1)°; for (III) a=19.7271(5), b=5.4376(2), c=16.9730(6) Å, β=131.932(1)°. Least squares refinements on F² converged for (I) to R1=0.0554, wR₂=0.1408; for (II) R₁=0.0647, wR₂=0.1697; for (III) R₁=0.0385, wR₂=0.1023. The crystals are complexly twinned by 2-fold rotation about , by inversion and by mirror reflection. The structures consist of edge-sharing articulations of OBi₄ tetrahedra forming layers in the a-c plane that then continue by edge-sharing parallel to the b-axis. The three-dimensional networks are bridged by Fe and Ni octahedra in (I) and (II) and by Zn trigonal bipyramids in (III) as well as by oxygen atoms of the PO₄ moieties. Bi also randomly occupies the octahedral sites. Oxygen vacancies exist in the structures of the three compounds due to required charge balances and they occur in the octahedral coordination polyhedron of the transition metal. In compound (III), no positional disorder in atomic sites is present. The Bi-O coordination polyhedra are trigonal prisms with one, two or three faces capped. Magnetic susceptibility data for compound (I) were obtained between 4.2 and 350 K. Between 4.2 and 250 K it is paramagnetic, μ_eff=6.1 μ_B; a magnetic transition occurs above 250 K.     

Magnetic properties of Ca2F2-xMnxO5

Magnetic susceptibility of Ca₂F_2-xMn_xO₅ members crystallizing in two different structures, one having octahedral (O), tetrahedral (T) and square-pyramidal (SP) coordination of transition metal atoms (OTSP structure) and the other having octahedral and tetrahedral coordination (OT structure), has been investigated. Susceptibility behaviour of the oxides with OTSP structure is different from that of the oxides with OT structure. Ca₂Fe_1-33Mn_0-67O₅ with OTSP structure shows an antiferromagnetic ordering while the corresponding oxide with OT structure shows weak ferromagnetism. Contribution No. 398 from the Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit     

Sb2O3/BiVO4/WO3异质结构建及光电催化合成过氧化氢

采用溶剂热法-旋涂法构建了Sb₂O₃/BiVO₄/WO₃半导体异质结,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱等手段表征了其物化性质。在1.23 V(vs RHE)电位下,BiVO₄/WO₃的光电流密度相对于BiVO₄提高了2倍。进一步复合Sb₂O₃之后,虽然Sb₂O₃/BiVO₄/WO₃薄膜的光电流密度有所下降,但其光电催化产H₂O₂的法拉第效率和产生速率得到明显提升。在1.89V(vs RHE)电位下,3c-Sb₂O₃/BiVO₄/WO₃薄膜产H₂O₂的法拉第效率提高到约19%;1c-Sb₂O     

Ti3C2Tx/MnO2正极在水系锌电池中的电化学性能

二氧化锰(MnO₂)材料具有比容量大、电极电位高、储量丰富以及价格低廉等优势,成为水系锌电池正极最受关注的一类材料,然而其仍然存在着结构稳定性差和电化学储存机理复杂的问题。因此,我们通过两步合成法制备了一种花苞状结构的MnO₂负载在Ti₃C₂T_x表面形成Ti₃C₂T_x/MnO₂复合材料,通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对复合样品的结构、成分和形貌进行表征。通过将Ti₃C₂T_x/MnO₂复合材料作为正极,与锌负极匹配组装成水系锌电池,研究了其分别在2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄、2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄+0.1 mol·L^-1 MnSO₄、30 mol·L^-1三氟甲基磺酸四乙基铵(TEAOTf)+1 mol·L^-1三氟甲烷磺酸锌(ZnOTf)和3 mol·L^-1 ZnOTf四种电解液中的电化学性能。结果表明,Ti₃C₂T_x/MnO₂在2 mol·L^-1 ZnSO₄中的比容量较高,但循环稳定性很差。将TEAOTf盐和ZnOTf盐共溶于水中,设计了一种新型的含惰性阳离子的超高浓度盐包水电解液(30 mol·L^-1 TEAOTf+1 mol·L^-1 ZnOTf),不仅提高了Ti₃C₂T_x/MnO₂材料的可逆性,而且有效抑制了电极材料在循环过程中的溶解。     

Synthesis and properties of the Co7Se8−xSx and Ni7Se8−xSx solid solutions

We report the synthesis and elementary properties of the Co₇Se_8−xS_x (x=0-8) and Ni₇Se_8−xS_x (x=0-7) solid solutions. Both systems form a NiAs-type structure with metal vacancies. In general, the lattice parameters decrease with increasing x, but in the Ni₇Se_8−xS_x system c increases on going from x=5 to 7. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that all samples exhibit temperature-independent paramagnetism from 25-250 K. Samples within the Co₇Se_8−xS_x system, as well as Ni₇Se₈ and Ni₇SeS₇, were found to be poor metals with resistivities of ∼0.20 and ∼0.06 mΩ cm at 300 K, respectively. The Sommerfeld constant (γ) was determined from specific heat measurements to be ∼13 mJ/mol_CoK² and ∼7 mJ/mol_NiK² for Co₇Se_8−xS_x and Ni₇Se_8−xS_x, respectively.     

吸附相反应技术制备MnOx/CeO2/SiO2催化剂及其低温选择性催化还原Nox

采用吸附相反应技术制备得到了MnO_x/CeO₂/SiO₂催化剂,通过X 射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）、紫外激光拉曼（Raman）等手段对催化剂进行了表征. HRTEM分析表明活性组分MnO_x与CeO₂都均匀分布在载体SiO₂表面;XRD分析表明Mn₃O₄特征峰随着CeO₂含量的增加逐渐减小至完全消失,CeO₂的加入降低了MnO_x的结晶程度,增加了MnO_x的分散性;Raman光谱表明催化剂表面的Mn离子能够进入CeO₂晶格,激发出空穴氧,随着CeO₂负载量的增加,催化剂氧空穴浓度先升高后降低.以NH₃为还原剂,考评催化剂的NO_x低温选择性催化还原（SCR）性能,催化剂催化活性随CeO₂负载量增加先升高后降低,与催化剂氧空穴浓度变化规律一致,说明催化剂活性受氧空穴浓度影响,氧空穴浓度升高,催化剂催化活性升高.