Numerical simulation of spinning detonation in circular section channels

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional structures of gas detonation in circular section channels that emerge due to the instability when the one-dimensional flow is initiated by energy supply at the closed end of the channel is performed. It is found that in channels with a large diameter, an irregular three-dimensional cellular detonation structure is formed. Furthermore, it is found that in channels with a small diameter circular section, the initially plane detonation wave is spontaneously transformed into a spinning detonation wave, while passing through four phases. A critical value of the channel diameter that divides the regimes with the three-dimensional cellular detonation and spinning detonation is determined. The stability of the spinning detonation wave under perturbations occurring when the wave passes into a channel with a greater (a smaller) diameter is investigated. It is found that the spin is preserved if the diameter of the next channel (into which the wave passes) is smaller (respectively, greater) than a certain critical value. The computations were performed on the Lomonosov supercomputer using from 0.1 to 10 billions of computational cells. All the computations of the cellular and spinning detonation were performed in the whole long three-dimensional channel (up to 1 m long) rather than only in its part containing the detonation wave; this made it possible to adequately simulate and investigate the features of the transformation of the detonation structure in the process of its propagation.     

Numerical study of unsteady rarefied diatomic gas flows in a plane microchannel

The numerical solution of a kinetic equation for a diatomic gas (nitrogen) is used to study two-dimensional unsteady gas flows in a plane microchannel caused by discontinuous in the initial distributions of macroscopic gas parameters. The plane discontinuity fronts are perpendicular to the walls of the channel. The arising flows are model ones for gas flows in a shock tube and a microchannel. The reflection of an incident shock wave from a flat end face is studied. It is found that the gas piles up at the cold wall, which slows down the shock wave detachment. The numerical results are in qualitative agreement with experimental data.     

Dusty shock wave interaction – formation of fully dispersed waves and particle focusing effect

The problem of regular (symmetric and asymmetric) interaction of plane shock waves in a steady-state dusty gas flow is considered. For near-sonic flows with a fairly high particle mass loading, the possibility of the formation of wave structures is revealed, in which either all or only some of the incident or reflected waves degenerate into so-called fully dispersed waves, i.e. zones in which no discontinuities appear in the parameters of each phase. For stronger shock waves and low particle mass concentration, the effect of aerodynamic particle focusing and the formation of a narrow high-concentration beam of particles behind the point of the interaction of the waves are detected on the basis of parametric numerical calculations. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

TRANSITION FROM A DEFLAGRATION TO A DETONATION IN GAS DYNAMIC COMBUSTION＊＊＊＊

The transition from a deflagration to a detonation (DDT) in gas dynamics is investigated through the process of a deflagration with a imite width flame overtaken by a shock. The problem is formulated as a free boundary value problem in an angular domain with a strong detonation and a reflected shock as boundaries. The main difficulty lies in the fact that the strength of reflected shock is zero at the vertex where the shock speed degenerates to be the same as the characteristic speed. The conclusion is that a strong detonation and a retonation (a reflected shock) form locally. Also the entropy satisfaction of this solution is presented.     

The perturbation on initial binding energy for a Majda-CJ combustion model

We investigate the perturbed Riemann problem for a scalar Chapman–Jouguet combustion model – the perturbation on initial binding energy. Under the entropy conditions, we obtain the unique solutions in a neighbourhood of the origin (t?>?0) on the (x,?t) plane. It is found that, for some cases, the perturbed Riemann solutions are essentially different from the corresponding Riemann solutions. That is, the perturbation may transform a Chapman–Jouguet detonation into a strong detonation or a weak deflagration following a shock wave; a strong detonation into a weak deflagration following a shock wave; a Chapman–Jouguet deflagration into a weak deflagration.     

Modeling the interaction of a wave front with a forest

We investigate the processes that arise when a wave front hits a natural obstacle in the form of a forest. The modeling is carried out in the framework of a single methodological approach that uses the Euler equation to describe the motion of the air mass both over an open area and inside the forest. In the latter case the equations include mass forces associated with the vegetation. The numerical solution is obtained by Godunov’s method using parallel programming techniques. Two types of incident wave front are investigated: a plane shockwave and a nonlinear acoustic impulse modeling a spherical explosion wave at a large distance from the source. The specific features of the interaction process, including penetration of the wave front into the forest, partial reflection from the near boundary, and diffraction above the top boundary, are investigated for different types of vegetation (coniferous and deciduous forests). The numerical results reveal the formation of a pair of ascending and descending currents in the upper part of the forest (inside the tree crowns). The existence of this structure is confirmed by experimental findings. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Matematika i Informatika, No. 21, pp. 48–71, 2005.     

Weak shock waves and its interaction with characteristic shocks in polyatomic gas

We present Lie symmetry analysis for investigating the shock‐wave structure of hyperbolic differential equations of polyatomic gases. With the application of symmetry analysis, we derive particular exact group invariant solutions for the governing system of partial differential equations (PDEs). In the next step, the evolutionary behavior of weak shock along with the characteristic shock and their interaction is investigated. Finally, the amplitudes of reflected wave, transmitted wave, and the jump in shock acceleration influenced by the incident wave after interaction are evaluated for the considered system of equations.     

Discrete dipole approximation simulations on GPUs using OpenCL—Application on cloud ice particles

The global distribution and climatology of ice clouds are among the main uncertainties in climate modeling and prediction. In order to retrieve ice cloud properties from remote sensing measurements, the scattering properties of all cloud ice particle types must be known. The discrete dipole approximation (DDA) simulates scattering of radiation by arbitrarily shaped particles and is thus suitable for cloud ice crystals. The DDA models the particle as a collection of equal dipoles on a lattice, and is computationally much more expensive than approximations restricted to more regularly shaped particles. On a single computer the calculation for an ice particle of a specific size, for a given scattering plane at one specific wavelength can take several days. We have ported the core routines of the scattering suite “ADDA” to the open computing language (OpenCL), a framework for programming parallel devices like PC graphics cards (graphics processing units, GPUs) or multi-core CPUs. In a typical case we can achieve a speed-up on a GPU as compared to a CPU by a factor of 5 in double precision and a factor of 15 in single precision. Spreading the work load over multiple GPUs will allow calculating the scattering properties even of large cloud ice particles.     

Wave front analysis of weak nonlinear waves in a two-phase flow of gas and dust particles

The non-linear behavior of waves including the characteristic front, the expansion wave front and the shock front, in a mixture of gas and dust particles has been studied. Such waves are conceived of as produced by a piston moving with a small velocity as compared with the speed of sound. The trajectories of these waves and the particle paths in the physical plane are determined. The effect of solid particles and the adiabatic heat exponent on the wave propagation is also investigated.     

Unsteady rarefied gas flow in a microchannel driven by a pressure difference

The kinetic S-model is used to study the unsteady rarefied gas flow through a plane channel between two parallel infinite plates. Initially, the gas is at rest and is separated by the plane x = 0 with different pressure values on opposite sides. The gas deceleration effect of the channel walls is studied depending on the degree of gas rarefaction and the initial pressure drop, assuming that the molecules are diffusely reflected from the boundary. The decay of the shock wave and the disappearance of the uniform flow region behind the shock wave are monitored. Special attention is given to the gas mass flux through the cross section at x = 0, which is computed as a function of time. The asymptotic behavior of the solution at unboundedly increasing time is analyzed. The kinetic equation is solved numerically by applying a conservative finite-difference method of second-order accuracy in space.     

Global existence and stability of a stationary Mach reflection

We prove the global existence and stability of a wave structure containing a stationary Mach configuration,which occurs when an incident shock front hits a wall with a large incident angle.Our result shows that the data of the upstream flow and the pressure at downstream part jointly determine the whole flow,as well as the wave structure.Particularly,we show that the height of the Mach stem depends not only on the data of upstream flow,but also on the pressure at downstream flow.The flow with the assigned wave structure is governed by a free boundary value problem for the Euler system.In the problem the location of the triple point,the shock fronts and the contact discontinuity are all unknown,they are finally determined together with the solution.     

Molecular clouds associated with compact HII regions in Galactic plane

13CO (J = 1 - 0) emission of massive star forming region including 15 ultracompact and 4compact HII regions in Galactic plane was mapped with the 13.7 m millimeter wave telescope of Purple Mountain Observatory. The present observations provide the first complete structure of the clouds in 13CO with a higher spatial resolution and a wide-field coverage of 28′×45′. Combined with the images of far-infrared emission and dust color temperature obtained from ISSA, various possible dynamical connections between the compact HII regions and associated clouds were found. We presente some reasons to explain the formation of new dense cold core and molecular emission cavity in the massive star formation and early evolution. The luminosities of excitation stars for all HII regions and the main parameters of associated clouds are also derived. The results show that the newborn stars' luminosities are correlated with the 13CO column densities, masses (in 55"beam) and 13CO velocity widths obviously.``     

一维不定常流方程的Harten解

为了利用一个二阶五点差分格式,对一维不定常流方程,计算强平面爆炸波遇不动固壁正反射的解,本文采用一定的技巧构造了边界和次边界的差分格式,并推算了初值的自模拟解析解.同时对初值的奇性提出了处理方法,从而满意地得到了这个较为困难问题的计算结果.本文提出和所利用的差分格式在处理激波间断问题方面具有实用意义.     

星系螺旋结构的气体激波理论

本文用星际气体自引力星系激波来解释星系的螺旋结构、恒星的扰动引力场并非必要条件.我们首先证明,即使扰动引力场为零,也可以存在局部的星系激波解.这种解要求|ω_η0|>α,而且只要气体的密度反差比较大,就只能用激波解来解释螺旋结构.用叠代的方法求出了星际气体的自引力激波宏图.对一种特定的扰动引力场模拟气体自引力,可以在速度平面上定性分析激波解的特性.初始原星系盘中的物质分布不均匀性,通过缠卷过程、不稳定性增长和波动叠加.可以发展成星系激波宏图.这样,对星系激波的起源,演化和维持给出一个完整的图象.利用这个图象,可以解释星系螺旋结构的大量观测结果和分类特性.     

Effect of Deborah number and phase difference on peristaltic transport of a third-order fluid in an asymmetric channel

The effect of a third-order fluid on the peristaltic transport in an asymmetric channel is studied. The wavelength of the peristaltic waves is assumed to be large compared to the varying channel width, whereas the wave amplitudes need not be small compared to the varying channel width. The channel asymmetry is produced by choosing the peristaltic wave train on the walls to have different amplitudes and phase. The flow is investigated in a wave frame of reference moving with velocity of the wave. The effects of Deborah number, phase difference, varying channel width and wave amplitudes on the pumping characteristics, streamline pattern and trapping phenomena are investigated. It is observed that the trapping regions increase as the channel becomes more and more symmetric and the trapped bolus volume decreases for increasing Deborah number, phase difference and varying channel width whereas it increases for increasing flow rate and wave amplitudes. Furthermore, the obtained results could also have applications to a range of peristaltic flows for a variety of non-Newtonian fluids such as aqueous solutions of high-molecular weight polyethylene oxide and polyacrylamide.     

Characteristic wave fronts in magnetohydrodynamics

The influence of magnetic field on the process of steepening or flattening of the characteristic wave fronts in a plane and cylindrically symmetric motion of an ideal plasma is investigated. This aspect of the problem has not been considered until now. Remarkable differences between plane, cylindrical diverging, and cylindrical converging waves are discovered. For instance, when the adiabatic index γ is 2, the magnetic field does not affect the behaviour of plane waves, but does affect cylindrical waves. As the field strength increases, the time t_c taken for the shock formation varies monotonically for plane waves, while for cylindrical waves, in some situations t_c exhibits a unique minimum for diverging waves and a unique maximum for converging waves. For cylindrical converging waves, a shock formation takes place if and only if, γ and the field strength are restricted to certain finite intervals. Moreover, t_c is bounded in all cases except for cylindrical diverging waves. The discontinuity in the velocity gradient at the wave front is shown to satisfy a Bernoulli-type equation. The discussion of the solutions of such equations reported in the literature is shown to be incomplete, and three general theorems are established.     

Stability of a transonic profile arising from divergent detonations

We establish the existence of viscous profile of an undriven divergent detonation wave. The structure of the wave is a viscous shock followed by a reaction zone containing a sonic point. So the divergent detonation wave profile is a transonic profile.

We further establish the existence of classical global solutions of the Cauchy problem. The proof consists of establishing a priori estimates for the solution by a maximum principle and using Hölder estimates for solutions of parabolic equations. Finally, the nonlinear stability of the viscous transonic profile is established. The main reason for the stability is that there is a damping term due to the divergent nature of the problem.     

Flow Structure behind a Shock Wave in a Channel with Periodically Arranged Obstacles

We study the propagation of a pressure wave in a rectangular channel with periodically arranged obstacles and show that a flow corresponding to a discontinuity structure may exist in such a channel. The discontinuity structure is a complex consisting of a leading shock wave and a zone in which pressure relaxation occurs. The pressure at the end of the relaxation zone can be much higher than the pressure immediately behind the gas-dynamic shock. We derive an approximate formula that relates the gas parameters behind the discontinuity structure to the average velocity of the structure. The calculations of the pressure, velocity, and density of the gas behind the structure that are based on the average velocity of the structure agree well with the results of gas-dynamic calculations. The approximate dependences obtained allow us to estimate the minimum pressure at which there exists a flow with a discontinuity structure. This estimate is confirmed by gas-dynamic calculations.     

Effect of wall compliance on compressible fluid transport induced by a surface acoustic wave in a microchannel

Effects of complaint wall properties on the flow of a Newtonian viscous compressible fluid has been studied when the wave propagating (surface acoustic wave, SAW) along the walls in a confined parallel‐plane microchannel is conducted by considering the slip velocity. A perturbation technique has been employed to analyze the problem where the amplitude ratio (wave amplitude/half width of channel) is chosen as a parameter. In the second order approximation, the net axial velocity is calculated for various values of the fluid parameters and wall parameters. The phenomenon of the “mean flow reversal” is found to exist both at the center and at the boundaries of the channel. The effect of damping force, wall tension, and compressibility parameter on the mean axial velocity and reversal flow has been investigated, also the critical values of the tension are calculated for the pertinent flow parameters. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 27: 621–636, 2011 Keywords: