强耦合表面极化子的激发能量

采用线性组合算符方法及幺正变换方法研究了电子与表面光学(SO)声子和体纵光学(LO)声子均为强耦合的表面极化子的激发态性质.计算了体系的有效哈密顿量、振动频率和体系由基态向第一激发态跃迁所需的激发能量.     

Damping of Single-Particle in Slab Model at Finite Temperature

The temperature dependence of the self-energy of a particle is studied in semi-infinite nuclear matter by making use of interactions constrained by self-consistency. Using the finite temperature Green's function Matsubara formulism, and applying the theory of slab model to the single-particle states in ²⁰⁸Pb, the calculated results show that the imaginary parts of the self-energy of a particle at Fermi energy linearly increase with the increase of temperature.     

Electron self-energy and effective mass in a single heterostructure

In this paper, we investigate the electron self-energy and effective mass in a single heterostructure using Greenfunction method. Numerical calculations of the electron self-energy and effective mass for GaAs/A1As heterostructure are performed. The results show that the self-energy (effective mass) of electrons, which incorporate the energy of electron coupling to interface-optical phonons and half of the three-dimensional longitudinal optical phonons, increase (decrease) monotonically from that of interface polaron to that of the 3D bulk polaron with increasing the distance between the positions of the electron and interface.     

Asymptotic properties of self-energy coefficients

We investigate the asymptotic properties of higher-order binding corrections to the one-loop self-energy of excited states in atomic hydrogen. We evaluate the historically problematic A60 coefficient for all P states with principal quantum numbers n相似文献   

Calculation of the one- and two-loop lamb shift for arbitrary excited hydrogenic states

General expressions for quantum electrodynamic corrections to the one-loop self-energy [of order alpha(Zalpha)6] and for the two-loop Lamb shift [of order alpha2(Zalpha)6] are derived. The latter includes all diagrams with closed fermion loops. The general results are valid for arbitrary excited non-S hydrogenic states and for the normalized Lamb shift difference of states, defined as Delta N = n3deltaE(nS) - delta E(1S). We present numerical results for one-loop and two-loop corrections for excited S, P, and D states. In particular, the normalized Lamb shift difference of states is calculated with an uncertainty of order 0.1 kHz.     

Electron temperature measurement in a surface-wave-produced argon plasma at intermediate pressures

The main objective of this work is to obtain the electron temperature in an argon surface-wave-produced plasma column at intermediate gas pressures. After proving that argon upper excited states remain in Excitation Saturation Balance, the value of electron temperature along the plasma column has been obtained using a modified Saha equation and a corrected Boltzmann-plot. Moreover, the electron energy distribution function has been verified to be nearly Maxwellian in a 0.8-2.8 torr intermediate pressure range. Received 24 July 2000 and Received in final form 19 January 2001     

Reparameterization invariance of NRQED self-energy corrections and improved theory for excited D states in hydrogenlike systems

Canonically, the quantum electrodynamic radiative corrections in bound systems have been evaluated in photon energy regularization, i.e., using a noncovariant overlapping parameter that separates the high-energy relativistic scales of the virtual quanta from the nonrelativistic domain. Here, we calculate the higher-order corrections to the one-photon self-energy calculation with three different overlapping parameters (photon energy, photon mass and dimensional regularization) and demonstrate the reparameterization invariance of nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics (NRQED) using this particular example. We also present new techniques for the calculation of the low-energy part of this correction, which lead to results for the Lamb shift of highly excited states that are important for high-precision spectroscopy.     

螺旋波激发氢等离子体光谱诊断

 利用螺旋波等离子体化学气相沉积(HWP-CVD)技术,以氢气为反应气体产生等离子体。通过采集氢的可见到紫外发射光谱,对等离子体进行了原位诊断,由氢Balmer系分析得到了不同实验参数对激发态氢原子相对密度的影响,通过对Fulcher带的分析,得到实验参数对氢振动温度的影响。结果表明：低压氢等离子体状态可借用日冕模型来诊断;激发态氢原子密度随入射功率增加而增加,随压强增加而减少,氢分子振动温度随压强增加先增大后减小;电子温度和电子密度是低压氢等离子体状态变化的关键因素。     

Dynamical mass generation in QED_3 beyond the instantaneous approximation

In this paper, we investigate dynamical mass generation in(2+1)-dimensional quantum electrodynamics at finite temperature. Many studies are carried out within the instantaneous-exchange approximation, which ignores all but the zero-frequency component of the boson propagator and fermion self-energy function. We extend these studies by taking the retardation effects into consideration. In this paper, we get the explicit frequency n and momentum p dependence of the fermion self-energy function and identify the critical temperature for different fermion flavors in the chiral limit. Also, the phase diagram for spontaneous symmetry breaking in the theory is presented in T_c-N_f space. The results show that the chiral condensate is just one-tenth of the scale of previous results, and the chiral symmetry is restored at a smaller critical temperature.     

Electronic excitation and thermal effects in alkali-halide cluster anions

We have observed electronically excited states in alkali-halide cluster anions with one excess electron. Using photoelectron spectroscopy, we have found two narrow states in (KI)-2, (NaI)-2, and (NaCl)-2, consistent with a dipole-bound electron, while larger cluster anions exhibit a single broad excited state. In the larger systems, electronic excitation is often accompanied by vibrational excitation and thus a change in cluster temperature. Such temperature changes affect cluster structure and in some cases lead to rapid thermal isomerization.     

Reconstruction of bands in metallic hydrogen

The generalized theory of normal properties of a metal for the case of the properties of the electronic band of electron–phonon systems with a variable electron density of states is used to study the normal phase of metallic hydrogen at a pressure of 500 GPa and a temperature of 200 K. We calculated the frequency dependence of the real ReΣ(ω) and imaginary ImΣ(ω) parts of the self-energy part of the electron Green’s function Σ(ω), as well as the electron density of states N(ε) of the stable phase of metallic hydrogen with the I41/amd symmetry at a pressure of 500 GPa, renormalized by the strong electron–phonon coupling. It is found that the electron conduction band of the I41/amd phase of metallic hydrogen undergoes insignificant reconstruction near the Fermi level because of the renormalization by the electron–phonon coupling.     

A contribution to the equation of state of fluids at low temperatures based on thermodynamic Green's functions

In quantum statistical mechanics, the Green's function formalism provides an expression for the density of a fluid as a four-dimensional momentum-energy integral over the spectral function. This function can be expressed in terms of the complex self-energy of the single-particle excited states. By using the ladder diagram approximation, in a low activity limit at which Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distributions can be approximated by a Boltzmann distribution, the self-energy has been expressed in terms of the two-body scattering amplitude. Density and pressure can then be expressed in terms of the activity, the temperature, and the two-body scattering phase shifts. A complete numerical evaluation of these results has been made for the case of argon at 100K, represented by a hard-sphere plus square-well potential: results are presented for the complex self-energy, the density, and the pressure as a function of activity. The resulting equation of state is compared to experimental results represented by the Beattie-Bridgeman equation and good agreement is found for the gaseous part of the 100K isotherm. Furthermore, two simple analytic equations of state are derived from these expressions with additional (low-density) approximations, which resemble closely some of the equations obtained from the lattice gas theories.Work supported (in part) by the Defence Research Board of Canada, Grant No. DRB 9510-30, and by the Research Council of Texas A & M University.     

Population inversion between the ground and first excited states in a recombining hydrogen plasma

Plasma conditions for generating a population inversion between the ground and first excited states in a recombining hydrogen plasma have been investigated on the basis of the CR model. Population inversion can be expected when three-body recombination plays a dominant role; the required regions of electron density and temperature are specified. It is shown that upper bounds exist for the ground-state population density at given electron density and temperature. Larger inversion densities can be obtained between the ground and first excited states than between excited levels. Numerical results are presented.     

类锂体系激发态的精确判据

利用Gálvez Porras关于原子体系电子在核处密度和径向期待值的精确不等式，分别建立了波函数的两套精确判据，它们是独立于能量判据之外的检验波函数精确度的判据. 以类锂体系激发态为研究对象，首先对1s2 3s态的电子在核处密度和径向期待值的上界进行了检查，然后对锂原子1s2 3s态在不同计算方法下由电子在核处密度上界定义的R6值和的上界定义的R4值分别进行了测试，同时还对锂原子双激发态的电子在核处密度和径向期待值的上界进行了检验. 研究表明这两套不等式都可作为原子体系各种能态波函数的精确判据. 关键词： 电子在核处密度 径向期待值 全实加关联 精确判据     

Self-consistent green function approach for calculation of electronic structure in transition metals

We present an approach for self-consistent calculations of the many-body Green function in transition metals. The distinguishing feature of our approach is the use of one-site approximation and the self-consistent quasiparticle wave function basis set obtained from the solution of the Schr?dinger equation with a nonlocal potential. We analyze several sets of skeleton diagrams as generating functionals for the Green function self-energy, including GW and fluctuating exchange sets. Calculations for Fe and Ni revealed stronger energy dependence of the effective interaction and self-energy of the d electrons near the Fermi level compared to s and p electron states.     

基于改进变分法对原子激发态精确波函数的研究

传统的利用变分原理求解Schrfidinger方程获得原子激发态波函数的方法是基于HUM理论(HylleraasUndheim and MacDonald theorem),在有限的N维Hilbert空间中,通过求解久期方程的高阶根获得激发态的近似波函数.在我们前期的工作中已指出,由于HUM方法的几个内禀缺陷限制,它将导致在相同的函数空间中,由传统变分法得到的激发态波函数的‘质量’远差于足够好的基态波函数.进一步地,为了避免基于HUM方法的变分缺陷,本文提出了新的变分函数,并证明其试探激发态波函数在其本征态处具有局域极小值,因而可以通过变分极小无限制的逼近该本征态.在此基础上,利用广义的Laguerre类型轨道(GLTO)在组态相互作用的框架下,分别编写了基于传统HUM理论和新变分函数的关于求解原子近似波函数的计算程序,并且利用该程序计算了氦原子(He)在1S(e),1P(o)态下相应的基态及激发态近似波函数及对应的能量值和径向平均值,并与已有文献中结果进行比较,计算结果显示了HUM理论的缺陷及新变分函数优越性,并就进一步提高激发态的精度指明了方向.     

量子点中强耦合极化子的性质

采用Pekar类型的变分方法研究了抛物量子点中强耦合极化子的基态和激发态的性质。计算了基态和激发态极化子的结合能、光学声子平均数和极化子的共振频率。讨论了这些量对有效限制强度和电子 体纵光学声子耦合强度的依赖关系。结果表明:抛物量子点中极化子的共振频率、基态和激发态极化子的结合能以及光学声子平均数都随量子点的有效束缚强度的增大而减小。光学声子平均数随电子 体纵光学声子耦合强度的增加而增大。     

介质阻挡放电六边形斑图稳定过程的光谱研究

采用发射光谱法,首次研究了等离子体参数及激发状态对介质阻挡放电六边形斑图稳定性的影响。在氩气/空气混合气体的介质阻挡放电中,随着电压的升高,放电丝直径增大,六边形斑图逐渐稳定,同时放电颜色由紫色逐渐变为灰白色,说明其等离子体状态及参数可能发生了变化。测量了六边形斑图放电过程中氮分子谱线和氩原子谱线相对于氩原子763.51 nm的相对强度、分子振动温度和电子激发温度随外加电压的变化。结果发现：氮分子谱线相对强度随电压增加而降低,氩原子谱线相对强度却升高;分子振动温度与电子激发温度均随电压增加而增大。这些现象表明：随着电压增大,电子能量增加。由此,氩原子激发增多,放电丝直径增大,介质表面上沉积的壁电荷面积增大,放电丝之间的相互作用增强,六边形斑图趋于稳定。     

On the self-energy of electrons in metals

The electron self-energy of unoccupied states is investigated taking into account dynamical screening and nonlocal exchange. To obtain agreement with experiment it is crucial to go beyond the framework of the homogeneous electron gas and include the nonlocal exchange with electrons in valence and core shells. This contribution of atomic origin gives rise to a considerable, almost linear energy dependence of the self-energy over a wide energy range in agreement with experimental findings for many substances and in disagreement with the local density approximation. Quantitative results are presented for Ag.     

Gamma-ray spectra in the positron-annihilation process of molecules at room temperature

In this study, a fully self-consistent method was developed to obtain the wave functions of the positron and electrons in molecules simultaneously. The wave function of a positron at room temperature, with a characteristic energy of approximately 0.04 eV [1], was used to analyse the experimental results of its annihilation in helium, neon, hydrogen, and methane molecules. The interactions between the positron and molecule provide a significant correction in the gamma-ray spectra of the annihilating electron–positron pairs. It was also observed that high-order correlations offered almost no correction in the spectra, as the interaction between the low-energy positron and electrons cannot drive the electrons into excited electronic states. More accurate studies, which consider the coupling of the positron–electron pair states and vibration states of nuclei, must be undertaken.