过渡金属掺杂的g-GaN吸附Cl2和CO气体分子的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算,系统研究了类石墨烯氮化镓(g-GaN)和掺杂过渡金属原子(TM)的g-GaN对Cl₂和CO气体分子的吸附行为。结果表明,Cl₂和CO在本征g-GaN上的吸附均为物理吸附,2个体系的吸附能均为正值,表明体系不稳定。相反,Cl₂和CO在Fe和Co掺杂的g-GaN上吸附时的吸附能为负值,且吸附能较小,表明吸附体系稳定。通过分析态密度、电荷密度差和能带结构等性质,可以得出结论：过渡金属原子的引入能有效增强气体分子与g-GaN之间的相互作用。     

Pd(Cu)在MgO(100)表面吸附CO和O2的理论研究

采用固体镶嵌势能模型和DFT/B3LYP方法研究了在Pd/MgO和Cu/MgO表面吸附CO和O₂分子的电子性质. 计算结果表明, 在完美MgO(100)表面Pd原子对CO和O₂的吸附能分别为206.5和84.8 kJ/mol, 因此可知Pd原子更容易吸附CO分子; 而当Pd原子附着于有氧缺陷的MgO表面时, 它对两种分子的吸附都非常弱. 相反, 附着于MgO表面的Cu原子对O₂分子的吸附更为有利, 其吸附能在140～155 kJ/mol之间. 研究结果还表明, 对于双分子吸附体系, 即CO＋CO, CO＋O₂, O₂＋O₂体系, 双分子之间的结合力可减小完美MgO表面上Pd原子与被吸附分子的相互作用, 使吸附能减少了46～96 kJ/mol. 而对于在MgO表面上的Cu原子, 只有O₂＋O₂ 体系使吸附能减少了大约50～71 kJ/mol.     

过渡金属氧化物掺杂对铜锰氧化物催化CO氧化性能的影响

以乙酸铜和乙酸锰为铜锰前驱体,以NH₄HCO₃为沉淀剂,相应金属硝酸盐为掺杂剂,采用共沉淀法制备了不同过渡金属氧化物掺杂的铜锰氧化物催化剂.?采用N₂物理吸附、X射线衍射,氢气-程序升温还原和原位红外漫反射光谱等方法对催化剂进行了表征,考察了系列催化剂上CO反应性能.?结果表明,掺杂过渡金属氧化物可以调变催化剂对CO的吸附能力,进而影响催化剂性能.     

甲硫醇在Cu(111)表面的解离吸附: 密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法和平板模型研究了CH₃SH分子在Cu(111)表面的吸附反应.系统地计算了S原子在不同位置以不同方式吸附的一系列构型, 第一次得到未解离的CH₃SH分子在Cu(111)表面顶位上的稳定吸附构型,该构型吸附属于弱的化学吸附, 吸附能为0.39 eV. 计算同时发现在热力学上解离结构比未解离结构更加稳定. 解离的CH₃S吸附在桥位和中空位之间, 吸附能为0.75-0.77 eV. 计算分析了未解离吸附到解离吸附的两条反应路径, 最小能量路径的能垒为0.57 eV. 计算结果还表明S―H键断裂后的H原子并不是以H₂分子的形式从表面解吸附而是以与表面成键的形式存在. 通过比较S原子在独立的CH₃SH分子和吸附状态下的局域态密度, 发现S―H键断裂后S原子和表面的键合强于未断裂时S原子和表面的键合.     

硼掺杂单层MoSi2N4锂离子吸附与扩散行为的第一性原理研究

采用平面波超软赝势方法研究了硼掺杂单层MoSi₂N₄的锂离子吸附与扩散行为。建立了替换位、间隙位、吸附位硼掺杂单层MoSi₂N₄三类物理模型（共6种构型）。结果表明：硼原子替换表面氮原子的构型最为稳定,该构型下的锂离子吸附能在-1.540~-1.910 eV之间。通过分析电子密度差分图,可知硼掺杂引起MoSi₂N₄表面的电荷重新分布,即硼与氮获得了来自锂离子的电子转移,导致锂离子在其表面吸附能增加。比较锂离子在硼掺杂MoSi₂N₄表面的吸附能,推断其扩散路径为D→F,扩散势垒为0.077 eV,表明锂离子在该表面具有较高的脱嵌速率。     

g-C3N4碳位掺杂电学及光学性质的分析

使用第一性原理研究了C位掺杂的g-C₃N₄的电学性质和光学性质,掺杂原子为B、P、S. g-C₃N₄有C1位和C2 位两种对称位碳原子,其中在C1 位上的掺杂易于C2 位,掺杂体系也较C2 位稳定. 相比于磷和硫在g-C₃N₄上的掺杂,硼掺杂最易于进行. 掺杂后体系的晶体结构之间差别较大,这与掺杂原子的大小以及电负性有关. 由轨道布居分布可知,掺杂后的硼、磷、硫原子价电子发生了变化,表明掺杂原子发生了杂化,与相邻原子以强的共价键相连. 掺杂原子与被取代的碳原子之间的价电子差异导致了能带的增加. 在原来的体系中,掺杂后的体系出现了一条新的能带,因此导致实际带隙下降,表明了掺杂后的体系导电性能增强. 对纯g-C₃N₄及掺杂g-C₃N₄的光学性质分析表明,g-C₃N₄的光学吸收主要在紫外光区,掺杂磷和硫后对g-C₃N₄的光吸收波长范围无改变,掺杂硼后的g-C₃N₄光吸收不再局限于紫外光区,而且延伸至可见光区和红外光区,并在红外光区有很强的吸收,表明g-C₃N₄掺杂硼后能大大地提高光催化效率. 电子能量损失光谱和光导率谱以及介电常数都佐证了上述观点.     

B12Sc4和B12Ti4团簇的储氢性质

提出了两个稳定的团簇B₁₂Sc₄和B₁₂Ti₄, 基于理论计算, 研究了它们的结构与储氢性质. 结果发现, 在这两个稳定的团簇中, 过渡金属原子不会聚合在一起而影响它们对氢气的吸附. B₁₂Sc₄最多可以吸附12个氢分子, 达到7.25% (质量分数)的储氢量. 它的平均每氢分子吸附能量为10.5 kJ·mol^-1. B₁₂Ti₄最多只能吸附8个氢分子, 储氢量为4.78%. 但平均每氢分子吸附能量可达50.2 kJ·mol^-1. 进一步计算表明, 即使在77 K,也需要很高的氢气压力才能使12个氢分子都吸附到B₁₂Sc₄上. 电子结构分析表明, B₁₂Ti₄-nH₂吸附结构中的Kubas作用要大于相应B₁₂Sc₄-nH₂结构中的Kubas作用.     

缺陷石墨烯吸附Au、Ag、Cu的第一性原理计算

采用基于密度泛函理论的投影缀加波方法研究了Au、Ag、Cu吸附在缺陷石墨烯单侧和双侧的体系,对吸附体系的吸附能、磁性、电荷转移和电子结构进行了计算和分析. 缺陷石墨烯吸附Au、Ag、Cu体系的吸附能比本征石墨烯增加2 eV以上,说明三种金属原子更容易吸附在缺陷位置;吸附体系的电荷密度差分和电子结构的结果表明,Au、Ag、Cu与缺陷石墨烯之间均为化学吸附. 计算吸附体系的磁性发现,单侧吸附时三种吸附体系均有磁性,磁矩大约为1μ_B;双侧吸附时,三种吸附体系磁矩大约为2μ_B.     

Cu掺杂对Au11(dppf)4Cl2纳米团簇结构和光学性质的影响

通过一锅还原法成功制备了合金纳米团簇Au_11-xCu_x(dppf)₄Cl₂(x=1、2;dppf=1,1''-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁)。晶体结构解析表明,合金团簇具有与 Au₁₁(dppf)₄Cl₂类似的几何结构,如含有缺陷二十面体金属内核,不同之处在于 Cu原子取代了与 Cl配位的Au原子。因此,Au_11-xCu_x(dppf)₄Cl₂可视为Cu对Au₁₁(dppf)₄Cl₂模板团簇的掺杂。Cu原子的引入并未改变模板团簇Au₁₁(dppf)₄Cl₂的框架结构,但有效调控了电子结构,进而使其光吸收发生红移。     

Li修饰B12N12储氢行为的密度泛函理论研究

采用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理投影缀加波方法, 研究了Li 修饰的B₁₂N₁₂笼子的储氢行为.计算结果表明: Li 原子吸附在B₁₂N₁₂笼子的四元环和六元环相交的B－N桥位上, 相对于其它六个高对称吸附位置更稳定, B₁₂N₁₂笼子周围最多可以吸附3 个Li 原子, 最稳定的构型是三个Li 原子同时吸附在N原子顶位(Top-N site). 每个Li 原子的周围能吸附三个氢分子, 笼子外侧还可以吸附两个氢分子, 内部最多可以吸附5 个氢分子. 考虑到笼内和笼外的吸附, B₁₂N₁₂笼子总的储氢量(氢分子)达到9.1% (w).     

Sensing Characteristics of a Graphene‐like Boron Carbide Monolayer towards Selected Toxic Gases

By using first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory, we study the adsorption efficiency of a BC₃ sheet for various gases, such as CO, CO₂, NO, NO₂, and NH₃. The optimal adsorption position and orientation of these gas molecules on the BC₃ surface is determined and the adsorption energies are calculated. Among the gas molecules, CO₂ is predicted to be weakly adsorbed on the graphene‐like BC₃ sheet, whereas the NH₃ gas molecule shows a strong interaction with the BC₃ sheet. The charge transfer between the molecules and the sheet is discussed in terms of Bader charge analysis and density of states. The calculated work function of BC₃ in the presence of CO, CO₂, and NO is greater than that of a bare BC₃ sheet. The decrease in the work function of BC₃ sheets in the presence of NO₂ and NH₃ further explains the affinity of the sheet towards the gas molecules. The energy gap of the BC₃ sheets is sensitive to the adsorption of the gas molecules, which implies possible future applications in gas sensors.     

Tuning the Adsorption Energy of Methanol Molecules Along Ni‐N‐Doped Carbon Phase Boundaries by the Mott–Schottky Effect for Gas‐Phase Methanol Dehydrogenation

Engineering the adsorption of molecules on active sites is an integral and challenging part for the design of highly efficient transition‐metal‐based catalysts for methanol dehydrogenation. A Mott–Schottky catalyst composed of Ni nanoparticles and tailorable nitrogen‐doped carbon‐foam (Ni/NCF) and thus tunable adsorption energy is presented for highly efficient and selective dehydrogenation of gas‐phase methanol to hydrogen and CO even under relatively high weight hourly space velocities (WHSV). Both theoretical and experimental results reveal the key role of the rectifying contact at the Ni/NCF boundaries in tailoring the electron density of Ni species and enhancing the absorption energies of methanol molecules, which leads to a remarkably high turnover frequency (TOF) value (356 mol methanol mol^?1 Ni h^?1 at 350 °C), outpacing previously reported bench‐marked transition‐metal catalysts 10‐fold.     

Nanostructures’ study of chemisorptions of O2 molecule on Al (100) surface

In this study, oxygen molecule adsorption on the surface of aluminum at various positions (top, bridge, and central sites) was studied, and the binding energies of oxygen species adsorbed on aluminum were calculated using density functional theory (DFT) within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The potential of the adsorption of oxygen on aluminum was examined as a function of both surface coverage and adsorption site. The relative stabilities of oxygen chemisorptions were independent of both the transition metal surface and surface coverage. That is, oxygen exhibited insignificant selectivity with respect to positions on the metal surface. Our data O₂/Al surface chemisorptions revealed that the stables model for oxygen adsorption was that on the top site. The top site approach is important for the chemisorption processes because the adsorption energy for this model was lower than for the other sites. The paper presents the results of quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory method for adsorption of O₂ molecules on Al (100) surface at cubic structure with LANL2DZ, SDD and 6-31G¹ basis sets. We can extract energetic information about the stability of adsorption O₂ on aluminum surface and calculation adsorption energy.     

Understanding the Reactivity of Supported Late Transition Metals on a Bare Anatase (101) Surface: A Periodic Conceptual DFT Investigation

The rapidly growing interest for new heterogeneous catalytic systems providing high atomic efficiency along with high stability and reactivity triggered an impressive progress in the field of single-atom catalysis. Nevertheless, unravelling the factors governing the interaction strength between the support and the adsorbed metal atoms remains a major challenge. Based on periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations, this paper provides insight into the adsorption of single late transition metals on a defect-free anatase surface. The obtained adsorption energies fluctuate, with the exception of Pd, between −3.11 and −3.80 eV and are indicative of a strong interaction. Depending on the considered transition metal, we could attribute the strength of this interaction with the support to i) an electron transfer towards anatase (Ru, Rh, Ni), ii) s-d orbital hybridisation effects (Pt), or iii) a synergistic effect between both factors (Fe, Co, Os, Ir). The driving forces behind the adsorption were also found to be strongly related to Klechkowsky's rule for orbital filling. In contrast, the deviating behaviour of Pd is most likely associated with the lower dissociation enthalpy of the Pd−O bond. Additionally, the reactivity of these systems was evaluated using the Fermi weighted density of states approach. The resulting softness values can be clearly related to the electron configuration of the catalytic systems as well as with the net charge on the transition metal. Finally, these indices were used to construct a model that predicts the adsorption strength of CO on these anatase-supported d-metal atoms. The values obtained from this regression model show, within a 95 % probability interval, a correlation of 84 % with the explicitly calculated CO adsorption energies.     

Strain boosts CO oxidation on Ni single-atom-catalyst supported by defective graphene

In order to realize the sulfur and water resistance and facilitate the CO oxidation reactions,the effects of strain on the adsorption of CO,O₂,SO₂ and H₂O molecules on Ni single-atom-catalyst supported by single-carbon-vacancy graphene(Ni-SG) have been studied based on first principles calculations.It shows that the compressive strain increases the adsorption energies of all above mentioned molecules on Ni-SG,where SO₂ is adsorbed more strongly on Ni-S...     

QM/MM study of the interaction between zigzag SnC nanotube and small toxic gas molecules

Adsorptions of small toxic molecules such as CO, N₂, HCN, SO₂, H₂CO, and NH₃ on a single‐walled (6,0) SnC nanotube (SnCNT) are investigated using Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) methodology. The calculations are carried out at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p)//LANL2DZ:UFF level of theory. The high layer of the model consists of a pyrene‐type ring on the nanotube surface as the adsorption site, where one gas molecule is allowed to interact. Conversely, for the adsorption of the two molecules, a larger site like a coronene ring is used for the high layer. Adsorption energy, Gibbs free energy change, Mulliken charge transfer, and total electron‐density maps are computed in each case. The adsorption strength of the gas molecule on the SnCNT surface is also analyzed from the density of states projected to different atoms (PDOS) of the nanotube–adsorbate complexes. The adsorptions of CO and N₂ on the (6,0) SnCNT surface require to cross potential barriers, and the corresponding transition structures are identified by ONIOM‐IRC calculations. For the remaining four molecules, the processes of adsorption are predicted to be barrier‐less. The calculations for the adsorption of H₂CO on (5,0) and (7,0) SnCNT surfaces are extended to study the effect of the size of the nanotube. Results for the adsorption of a single molecule on (6,0) SnCNT using B3LYP functional are compared with those obtained from a dispersion corrected functional such as M06‐2X. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Charge state of metal atoms on oxide supports: a systematic study based on simulated infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory

A long standing question in the study of supported clusters of metal atoms in the properties of metal–oxide interfaces is the extent of metal–oxide charge transfer. However, the determination of this charge transfer is far from straight forward and a combination of different methods (both experimental and theoretical) is required. In this paper, we systematically study the charging of some adsorbed transition metal atoms on two widely used metal oxides surfaces [α-Al₂O₃ (0001) and rutile TiO₂ (110)]. Two procedures are combined to this end: the computed vibrational shift of the CO molecule, that is used as a probe, and the calculation of the atoms charges from a Bader analysis of the electron density of the systems under study. At difference from previous studies that directly compared the vibrational vawenumber of adsorbed CO with that of the gas phase molecule, we have validated the procedure by comparison of the computed CO stretching wavenumbers in isolated monocarbonyls (MCO) and their singly charged ions with experimental data for these species in rare gas matrices. It is found that the computational results correctly reproduce the experimental trend for the observed shift on the CO stretching mode but that care must be taken for negatively charged complexes as in this case there is a significative difference between the total charge of the MCO complex and the charge of the M atom. For the supported adatoms, our results show that while Cu and Ag atoms show a partial charge transfer to the Al₂O₃ surface, this is not the case for Au adatoms, that are basically neutral on the most stable adsorption site. Pd and Pt adatoms also show a significative amount of charge transfer to this surface. On the TiO₂ surface our results allow an interpretation of previous contradictory data by showing that the adsorption of the probe molecule may repolarize the Au adatoms, that are basically neutral when isolated, and show the presence of highly charged Au^δ+–CO complexes. The other two coinage metal atoms are found to significatively reduce the TiO₂ surface. The combined use of the shift on the vibrational frequency of the CO molecule and the computation of the Bader charges shows to be an useful tool for the study the charge state of adsorbed transition metal atoms and allow to rationalize the information coming from complementary tools.     

Theoretical Insights into the Mechanism of Carbon Monoxide (CO) Release from CO‐Releasing Molecules

We used density functional theory to investigate the capacity for carbon monoxide (CO) release of five newly synthesized manganese‐containing CO‐releasing molecules (CO‐RMs), namely CORM‐368 ( 1 ), CORM‐401 ( 2 ), CORM‐371 ( 3 ), CORM‐409 ( 4 ), and CORM‐313 ( 5 ). The results correctly discriminated good CO releasers ( 1 and 2 ) from a compound unable to release CO ( 5 ). The predicted Mn? CO bond dissociation energies were well correlated (R²≈0.9) with myoglobin (Mb) assay experiments, which quantified the formation of MbCO, and thus the amount of CO released by the CO‐RMs. The nature of the Mn? CO bond was characterized by natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. This allowed us to identify the key donor–acceptor interactions in the CO‐RMs, and to evaluate the Mn? CO bond stabilization energies. According to the NBO calculations, the charge transfer is the major source of Mn? CO bond stabilization for this series. On the basis of the nature of the experimental buffers, we then analyzed the nucleophilic attack of putative ligands (L′=HPO₄^2?, H₂PO₄^?, H₂O, and Cl^?) at the metal vacant site through the ligand‐exchange reaction energies. The analysis revealed that different L′‐exchange reactions were spontaneous in all the CO‐RMs. Finally, the calculated second dissociation energies could explain the stoichiometry obtained with the Mb assay experiments.