悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定花粉中微量元素

提出了不使用稳定剂,直接用蒸馏水制成花粉样品的悬浮液进样,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定花粉中微量元素的方法.用三氯化镧和氯化铯消除干扰,在磁力搅拌下进样,应用标准加入法在同一溶液中用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜、铁、锰、锌、铅、镉、钙、镁、钾、钠等10种元素含量.方法的回收率在92.5%～112.5%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.24%～1.50%之间,并以高温灰化法的测定值为参考对测定结果进行F检验和t检验,发现两者无显著性差异,说明悬浮液进样法的测定结果准确可靠.     

悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定聚乙烯中的铜、镁

将悬浮液进样技术应用于火焰原子吸收光谱法成功地测定了聚乙烯中的镁、铜。将样品粉碎、过筛并悬浮在乙醇-Triton X-100溶液中制成悬浮液。通过在与样品悬浮液等体积的空白溶液中加入适量的乙二醇，可配制成与试液粘度一致的参比溶液。以Sr^2 作为镁的释放剂，以正丁醇为增敏试剂，用工作曲线法检测定。对悬浮剂的选择、干扰、线性范围及检出限进行了考察，方法简便、快速、准确。     

悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定中草药中的微量铜

将悬浮液进样技术应用于火焰原子吸收光谱法,建立了快速测定中草药中微量铜的新方法。将样品磨细,制成悬浮液,喷入空气－乙炔火焰,以空白溶液为参比,用氘灯进行背景和扣除,以标准加入法测定。测定结果与灰化法一致,两种方法的相对误差小于±３．６％,ＲＳＤ小于２．５％,检出限为０．０５７ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定虾仁中的钙、镁

建立了快速测定虾仁中钙、镁含量的悬浮液进样－火焰原子吸收光谱法。将虾仁样品烘干、粉碎、过98μm筛后，制成琼脂悬浮液。以La^3 溶液作为释放剂，用工作曲线法测定虾仁样品中钙、镁的含量。钙、镁的线性范围分别为0-200μg/(25mL)、0－30μg/(25mL)，检出限分别为0.056mg/L、0.0046mg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于2.4%，测定结果与在灰化法一致，测定钙、镁的平均相对误差分别为-1.3%、-4.2%。     

悬浮液进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定高锌天麻中锌

天麻中含有大量人体必须的微量元素 ,利用人工强化载培方式 ,增加天麻中锌的含量 ,在医学上具有重大的应用前景。天麻中锌的测定 ,一般采用消化后原子吸收光谱法测定[1] 。但这种方法费时费事 ,又宜造成污染。悬浮液石墨炉原子吸收光谱法在固体样品分析中取得了满意的结果。但悬浮液火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定固体样品时存在一些困难 ,主要是颗粒样品传输和原子化时间不充分问题 [2 ] 。本文对悬浮液天麻样品中锌含量的火焰原子吸收光谱法进行了研究。结果表明 ,天麻样品中含有很多可溶性物质 ,样品溶解后 ,可形成较均匀的悬浮液 ,用原子吸…     

悬浮液进样火焰原子吸收光谱法测定面粉中铁锌

提出了一种新的原子吸收光谱法,即悬浮液进样火焰原子吸收光谱法,并用于面粉中铁锌的测定。将面粉配制成悬浮液,直接喷入空气－乙炔火焰,用标准加入法测定,测定结果与灰化法一致。方法简便快速。     

悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定怀山药中铜

怀山药、怀地黄、怀牛膝、怀菊花合称"四大怀药",是享誉海内外的名贵中药材,其中怀山药作为药食同源的滋补佳品,近年来被作为食品原料和成品在市场广泛流通.作为食品,其中金属元素铜是必测项目.食品中铜的测定,普遍采用原子吸收光谱法,样品的预处理有干法(灰化)、湿法(加酸消化)及微波消化法,前两种方法消化时间长、操作环节多,被测元素丢失或被污染的机会多;后种方法溶样不完全,重现性易受影响.     

悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定烟叶中铜铁

用悬浮液技术处理烟叶样品,即先将样品烘干、粉碎、过筛,然后悬浮在 1.5 g·L-1琼脂溶液中制成均匀的悬浮液,以盐酸作为铜、铁的解释剂及用工作曲线法测定。建立了快速测定烟叶中铁、铜的FAAS法。测定结果的相对标准偏差<4.8%,加标回收率为 98.1%~102.1%。方法简便、快速、准确。     

中草药中铁锌钙的悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定

将悬浮液进样技术应用于火焰原子吸收光谱法, 建立了中草药中微量元素的快速分析新方法。将样品粉碎、悬浮在琼脂胶体中制成悬浮液; 取适量样品悬浮液配制成试液, 喷入空气－ 乙炔火焰, 用标准加入法测定。 用该法成功地测定了当归、川芎及川乌中的铁、锌、钙, 测定结果与灰化法一致, 方法简便、快速、准确。     

悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地黄中锌和锰

怀地黄、怀山药、怀牛膝、怀菊花合称"四大怀药",是享誉海内外的名贵中药材,其中,怀地黄有"以邑供天下"的威名,素有"怀参"之美称[1].中药材的性味功能与微量元素具有一定相关性,特别是微量元素锌和锰与人体多种酶有关,对于调节人体的生理机能有独特的作用.对锌、锰元素含量的测定为此药材的品质、疗效提供科学依据.在样品分析中,前处理是一个重要步骤,怀地黄(包括生地黄、干地黄、熟地黄)的预处理方法通常有干法(灰化)、湿法(加酸消化)及微波消化法,前两种方法消化时间长、操作环节多,被测元素丢失或被污染的机会多;后种方法溶样不完全,重现性易受影响.悬浮液进样一原子吸收光谱法测定粮食、茶叶、中草药中微量元素已有报道[2-5].本法采用悬浮液进样处理怀地黄样品,并用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定地黄中锌和锰.     

悬浮液进样-火焰原子吸收光谱测定芹菜中的锌铁锰铜

不使用稳定剂,直接用蒸馏水制成芹菜样品的悬浮液,用SrCl2消除相关干扰,在磁力搅拌下进样,应用标准曲线法在同一溶液中利用空气——乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu等4种元素含量。结果表明,芹菜中含有丰富的Zn以及Fe、Mn、Cu。本文考察了方法的准确度和精密度。试验表明,在选定的条件下,芹菜中各元素间相互不干扰,可在同一份制备液中进行4种元素的分别测定。方法的加标回收率在90.0%~102.0%之间,相对标准偏差在0.21%~0.77%之间(n=3)。测定结果与高温灰化法一致,t检验表明两者无显著性差异。     

Calibration by the gradient ratio-standard addition method in flow injection flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A calibration method has been developed which is realised in the flow injection analysis (FIA) by the gradient technique. According to this method two transient peaks, one for a sample and the other for a sample with standard addition, are recorded and compared point by point in the entire defined time range. The analytical result is estimated on the basis of information gained about the local analyte concentrations in the sample zone. The method allows the results to be reliable when both the non-linear calibration dependence and the interference effect occur. As an example, calcium in synthetic samples containing silicon, phosphate, aluminium, vanadium and titanium, and also in iron ore sample, were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). It has been proved, that the method can be effective in overcoming even extremely strong interferences, providing analytical results with average accuracy equal to ca. 5% and with precision 2–3 times inferior to that obtained by conventional FI calibration.     

Preconcentration and determination of trace metals by flow injection micelle-mediated extraction using flame atomic absorption spectrometry

Micelle-mediated extraction/preconcentration is incorporated on-line into a flow injection system used to determine low levels of Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) present in various samples. The analyte is complexed with HBDAP (N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-5-bromo-benzyl)1,2-diaminopropane). Under optimal conditions, a solution of 30% (m/v) NaCl and a sample solution containing 2.5 mL of 1% (m/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.5 mL of 1.8 × 10⁻³ M HBDAP and 2.5 mL of pH 8.5 borate buffer solution in 25 mL were pumped through the cotton filled mini-column; onto which the surfactant-rich phase containing the complex is collected. A solution of 0.5 M HNO₃ in 50% acetone is used as the eluent. The limits of detection are (ng mL⁻¹) Cd = 0.39, Cu = 3.2, Co = 7.5, Mn = 3.0, Ni = 3.4, Pb = 17.9 and Zn = 0.89 if the sample is allowed to flow for 30 s, but improved for extended preconcentration periods. Analysis of liquid and solid reference materials showed good agreement with the certified values. Complex formation constants between HBDAP and these metal ions were also determined potentiometrically.     

蒸气发生火焰原子吸收法测定面粉中的铜

用自制的蒸气发生装置,在强还原剂存在下,对铜蒸气的生成进行了详细研究,并通过该装置测定非蒸气发生元素镁和在络合剂掩蔽下测铜两种不同的方法进行了验证。对酸的种类及浓度、NaBH4溶液流速及浓度、反应管道长度的影响等实验参数和干扰情况进行了研究。用该方法测定了面粉中铜的质量分数,检出限为6μg L。     

Determination of iron and copper in food samples by flow injection cloud point extraction flame atomic absorption spectrometry

In this study, flow injection-cloud point extraction (FI-CPE) of iron and copper in food samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination was described. Triton X-114 non-ionic surfactant and Eriochrome Cyanine R (ECR) have been used as an extraction medium and a chelating agent, respectively. The amounts of Triton X-114, ECR and the pH value necessary for extraction were carefully optimized. In addition, several parameters of the FI-CPE system, including sample loading rate, column dimension, type of packing material, eluent flow rate were investigated and analytical characteristics of the method were evaluated. Under optimum conditions, detection limits of 0.33 ng/mL and 0.57 ng/mL and quantification limits of 1.1 ng/mL and 1.9 ng/mL for iron and copper along with enrichment factors of 141 and 99 were obtained, respectively. The calibration was linear over the range 1.5-25 ng/mL and 1.0-35 ng/mL for iron and copper, respectively. The proposed CPE technique has been successfully applied for the determination of iron and copper ions in certified reference materials (NCS DC 73349—bush, branches and leaves; and TM-23.2—fortified water), water samples (mineral and sea water) and food samples (vegetables, bread and hazelnut) with high efficiency.     

在线还原富集火焰原子吸收光谱法测定环境水样中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的形态

采用单阀双阳离子交换树脂微柱并联，设计了双路采样逆向洗脱在线分离富集系统，该系统与原子吸收测量技术相结合，实现了在线分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法同时测定水中Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)，富集1min时，分析速度为60样/h，测定Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的特征浓度分别为6．08μg/L和11．58μg/L(相当于1％吸收)，线性范围分别为0～1．0μg/mL和0～2．0μg/mL，对质量浓度为100μg/L的Cr(Ⅲ)和Cr(Ⅵ)测定的相对标准偏差分别为2．9％和3．0％、检出限分别为8．70和10．8μg/L。该法对实际水样加标回收率在94．5％～104．3％之间。     

火焰原子吸收法测定粗锡中的铜含量

本文讨论了用火焰原子吸收法测定粗锡中的铜含量的方法。试料用盐酸、硝酸、酒石酸溶解。在5%盐酸介质中,使用空气-乙炔火焰,波长选用324.7 nm,用原子吸收光谱法测量铜的吸光度。以工作曲线法计算铜含量。研究了仪器的最佳测量条件,元素测定的质量数以及酸度的影响等实验。方法测定结果准确、可靠,样品加标回收率在97.20%~102.00%。能满足日常检测应用。     

Flow injection on-line dilution for flame atomic absorption spectrometry by micro-sample introduction and dispersion using syringe pumps

A robust flow injection (FI) on-line dilution system based on micro-sample introduction was developed for flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Two computer programmed and stepper-motor driven syringe pumps were used for the precise and reproducible sample metering in micro-liters and carrier delivery. Factors, which might influence the performance of the system, such as sample matrix and carryover, were investigated. No inferior effects were observed with various matrices including 10% glycerol. Sample carryover effects were less than 0.4%, tested by analyzing a blank and a sample alternately. Dilution factors were decided and keyed in manually. The system was calibrated using a set of concentrated standard solutions for a given dilution factor. At a sampling frequency of 60 h⁻¹, precisions were better than 2% R.S.D. (n=40) for dilution factors of 10-2000. The long-term stability of the system was examined by continuously running the system for a whole working day, and a precision of 2.6% R.S.D. (n=345) was obtained at a dilution factor of 1000. The system was verified by analyzing a standard copper alloy with a certified concentration of 57.4% Cu, resulting in a measurement solution with 574 mg l⁻¹ Cu.     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定水样中痕量铜的研究

提出了浊点萃取火焰原子吸收光谱法测定痕量铜的新方法。详细探讨了溶液pH，试剂浓度等实验条件对浊点萃取及测定灵敏度的影响，在最佳下，富集50mL样品溶液，用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定，铜的检测限为0.35μg/L，铜的富集倍率为71倍。方法用于自来水、河水及海水中痕量铜的测定。     

Extension of the dynamic range of flame atomic absorption spectrometry using flow injection analysis with variable-volume dilution chambers

A simple and inexpensive procedure is proposed for the extension of the dynamic range of flame atomic absorption spectrometry measurements using on-line dilution. The proposed methodology is based on the use of a manifold with two coupled dilution chambers and a zone injection system. The samples are prediluted in a closed system which includes a variable-volume mixing chamber (10–120 ml) and two injection valves. The samples are injected through one of these valves, and the other is employed to take 100 μl of prediluted samples which are then passed through a new dilution chamber (volume 1–10 ml) and aspirated by the nebulizer of the instrument. A third injection valve mounted in the last part of the manifold is used for the direct injection of diluted standard solutions. Various dilution factors are obtained, ranging from 2 to 130 000 times, thus extending the analytical range of copper determination to more than 100 000 mg l⁻¹.