基于大气氧光谱吸收特性的单目单波段被动测距

根据目标红外辐射在大气中传输衰减的特性探测传感器与目标的距离, 隐身无源, 难于被敌方探测, 发展了一种基于大气氧组分光谱吸收特性的单目单波段被动测距方法.引入视线路径的概念, 将氧物性分布场离散化, 寻找辐射积分路径; 利用离散传递法基本思想, 得到目标窄带辐射强度分布.基于氧分子吸收发射谱独立、吸收系数恰当, 饱和可测范围大等特性, 分析氧吸收波段内谐振频带和远谐振频带辐射强度谱线分布的相对关系, 得到其与积分路径(即距离)的关联. 采用分辨率为0.75 nm半高宽的窄带高分辨率光谱仪, 实地校准氧物性分布场, 实现了测距实验范围75–200 m, 模型测算相对误差最大为7.56%的样机. 关键词： 被动测距 单目测距 单波段测距 氧光谱     

磁场处理燃料油的光谱分析

本文采用了紫外光谱、红外光谱、激光喇曼光谱、荧光和磷光等多种光谱分析方法。通过紫外、红外和激光喇曼光谱分析，由吸收峰的位移来判断油分子结构的变化：实验已证明吸收峰基本上无位移，从而证明油分子的官能团未因磁场作用而产生变化。通过荧光和磷光光谱分析，由其发射光谱强度的变化来判断磁场作用使油分子状态变化的情况，以及油分子由激发单态窜跃到三重态的情况；实验结果证明，荧光和磷光发射光谱强度基本上无变化。这证明磁场（１００mt数量级）并使油分子处于激发状态，也不能有与自旋S＝1相联系的磁矩存在。     

近程目标距离的实时估计研究

本文首先介绍了两种利用近程目标辐射噪声实时被动测距的快速算法,理论仿真和实验分析的结果表明这两种算法都是可行的。     

野菊花不同提取物的红外光谱分析

利用红外光谱的宏观指纹特性,对野菊花不同溶剂提取物的红外光谱图和二阶导数红外光谱图进行了整体分析。可知,野菊花石油醚提取物主含长链脂肪酸(酯)、不饱和酮以及小分子萜类等低极性化合物,乙酸乙酯提取物主含萜类和黄酮类化合物,无水乙醇提取物主含黄酮及黄酮苷类化合物,95%乙醇提取物主含黄酮苷类化合物,去离子水提取物主含多糖及鞣质类等大极性成分。此外,与野菊花指标成分蒙花苷的红外光谱分析比较,可知野菊花无水乙醇提取物中所含有的黄酮量是最多的。因此,利用红外光谱法对中药提取物直接进行分析,可初步识别其主体成分,为下一步制定药效成分的提取方案和检测方法提供方向性参考。     

绿色翡翠的傅里叶红外光谱分析

对几种绿色翡翠进行了傅里叶红外光谱分析,谱图分析结果显示:3500cm-1处存在-特征峰,且随着硬玉质地和颜色的不同,其峰形也存在差异.     

犀牛角及其替代品的红外光谱分析

对犀牛角及其替代品进行红外光谱分析,结果表明,犀牛角在2350cm-1有两个磷脂P-H伸缩振动的吸收峰,水牛角在此处也有两个吸收峰,强度稍高于犀牛角,而其他角样品在此处只有一个吸收峰或无吸收峰;在1733cm-1有氨基己糖和磷脂的C=O伸缩振动弱吸收峰,在881cm-1有牛磺酸的S-O伸缩振动吸收峰,其他角样品都无此吸...     

冰晶石类氟化物的红外光谱分析

用傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究了Ｋ３ＡｌＦ６，α－Ｒｂ３ＡｌＦ６，β－Ｒｂ３ＡｌＦ６和Ｃｓ３ＡｌＦ６等注晶石类氟化物的远红外及中红外光谱，并对远红外光谱和部分中红外光谱带进行了指认。     

国外红外光谱连续变焦成像系统的研究进展

相比红外光谱定焦成像系统和红外光谱两档成像系统而言,红外光谱连续变焦成像系统具有连续变化的视场,可对目标进行连续成像,是未来红外光谱成像技术的发展方向。为了提高红外光谱连续变焦成像系统的探测性能、实现低成本、良好的消热差性能,近年来国外开发了一些新技术。概述了国外红外材料、红外探测器、冷光阑等方面的新技术,及这些新技术在红外光谱变焦成像系统中的具体应用,列举了使用新型红外材料实现消热差的红外目标探测连续变焦系统,中波红外、长波红外光谱双波段连续变焦系统,高变焦比红外光谱连续变焦系统,应用可变冷光阑技术的红外光谱连续变焦系统设计实例,作为国内红外光谱变焦成像系统发展的借鉴。     

手机屏幕保护膜的红外光谱分析

手机屏幕保护贴膜使用广泛,它们一般由基材、吸附层和硬化涂层三层结构组成.本文应用红外光谱分析,建立了手机保护膜的检测方法,并得到了典型样品的红外吸收光谱图,通过谱图分析了解了样品的成分信息.应用该方法,通过实际样品的检测,了解了目前手机保护膜的质量情况.     

基于红外吸收光谱的瓦斯气体浓度检测技术

针对现有矿井瓦斯传感器的缺点,基于红外光谱吸收原理,采用差分吸收技术设计了红外瓦斯气体浓度探测系统.该系统采用单光路吸收气室和单光路双波长探测技术,利用差动放大电路为核心的微弱信号处理电路实现瓦斯浓度输出信号的检测,并采用线性关系式拟合瓦斯浓度和输出电压的关系曲线,实现了对瓦斯浓度的全量程精确探测.实验表明,该系统的测...     

Theoretical interpretation of spectral signs of an oxymethyl group in the IR spectrum of methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside

For the first time, we have assigned the observed absorption bands and interpreted the IR spectrum of methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside in detail in the 1500–800 cm⁻¹ region, based on a full calculation of the frequencies and absolute intensities of the normal vibrations of the molecule and their comparison with the experimental data. We have identified two groups of spectral signs indicating an oxymethyl substituent has replaced the hydroxyl group on the C₍₁₎ atom in the glucopyranoside: absorption bands of medium intensity due to the characteristic vibrations of the substituent, and intense bands due to an unusual “interaction” between many structural moieties. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 6, pp. 721–727, November–December, 2006.     

连续帧间差分与背景差分相融合的运动目标检测方法

为了克服背景差分法和帧间差分法的不足,有效提高运动目标检测的准确性、实时性和检测效率,提出了一种将连续帧间差分法与背景差分法相结合的运动目标检测方法.首先通过连续帧间差分法获得连续帧差图像,然后分别通过线性的自适应滤波、非线性的中值滤波获得背景图像进行差分,之后再利用阈值分割技术实现运动目标的增强,从而有效解决背景差分法和帧间差分法中都可能出现的无法检测目标的现象.实验表明,该算法可以有效避免漏检、误检等情况,提高运动目标检测的效率和准确性.     

利用二维相关红外光谱方法确定气体最优定量波数区间

气体检测中需选用最优波数范围来进行气体光谱的定量分析。传统波数范围的选取主要根据标准光谱的特征吸收,存在抗干扰性较差、在实际情况中容易出现较大偏差的问题。文章将二维相关红外光谱方法用于气体检测,对SO₂,NO及NO₂进行光谱结构分析和光谱信息发掘,以确定最优定量波数区间。以浓度值为微扰量,用含不同浓度某气体成分的一组红外吸收光谱,做二维相关得到SO₂,NO及NO₂的动态光谱,利用同步相关光谱和异步相关光谱来分析对气体浓度变化最敏感的波数区间,确定了被测气体定量分析的优选波数范围,包括一系列独立的波数点和连续的波数区间。作为一种新颖的最优定量波数区间选取方法,其得到的结论与理想的分析谱带选取的结果相吻合,证明了此方法的有效性。     

基于相对光谱差异的非接触式LED结温测量方法

提出一种运用相对光谱的整体差异表征AlGaInP基LED结温的方法.首先使用光谱仪测量不同驱动电流、不同衬底温度下,不同颜色AlGaInP基LED的相对光谱,计算同一LED不同结温条件下相对光谱之间的差异,然后分析相对光谱差异与结温变化量之间的线性度,最后比较相对光谱差异法与峰值波长法测量的准确性.研究表明:相对光谱差异与LED结温变化成正比,相对光谱差异法的准确度和测量误差随光谱仪带宽的增大而增大.当光谱仪带宽为2nm时,其准确度优于采用带宽为1nm的峰值波长法;当带宽为5nm时,其准确度与带宽为1nm的峰值波长法相当.     

Application of the differential method for determining the composition of a toluene-methyl ethyl ketone mixture by an IR analyzer

A differential method is suggested to analyze two-component systems. It allows a 1.5-fold increase in sensitivity as compared to the ordinary procedure for determination of the composition of toluene-methyl ethyl ketone by an 1R continuous-flow analyzer. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 408–409, May–June, 1999.     

Method for assigning absorption bands in IR spectra of polyatomic molecules with respect to internal vibrational coordinates

A method is proposed for assigning absorption bands in IR spectra of polyatomic molecules. An algorithm is developed and a Fortran program is written based on this method. The method is illustrated for the example of the toluene molecule. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 2, pp. 169–173, March–April, 2007.     

激光诱导击穿光谱定量分析中的分析线自动选择方法

为了实现激光诱导击穿光谱分析中的分析线自动选择,定义了元素发射谱线的相对强度比(RDTIR)、波长偏差(WDDT)两个参数,并据此对检测谱线进行筛选,通过设定合理的阈值,剔除自吸收和干扰严重的谱线。通过对高合金钢(GBW01605)实验数据的分析,分别选定了样品中主要元素铁、铬、镍、锰、铜的分析线,选线结果符合谱线的选取原则。     

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Comparative Quantitative Analysis of Betel Leaves from Pakistan

Laser induced breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for the elemental analysis and exposure of the heavy metals in betel leaves in air. Pulsed Nd∶YAG (1064 nm) in conjunction with a suitable detector (LIBS 2000+, Ocean Optics, Inc) having the optical resolution of 0.06 nm was used to record the emission spectra from 220 to 720 nm. Elements like Al, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, P, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn were found to present in the samples. The relative abundances of the observed elements were calculated through standard calibration curve method, integrated intensity ratio method, and weight percentage LIBS approach. LIBS findings were validated by comparing its results with the results obtained using a typical analytical technique of Inductively Coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Limit of detection (LOD) of the LIBS system was also estimated for heavy metals. The experience gain through this work implies that LIBS could be highly applicable for testing the quality and purity of food products.     

Finite Difference Time Domain Analysis of Diffusion Equations with Nonuniform Grids for Time-Resolved Reflectance of an Optical Pulse in Three-Dimensional Scattering Medium

An integral form of diffusion equations and their finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis have been formulated. The analysis is extended to FDTD analysis with nonuniform grids in three-dimensional (3-D) scattering medium. It has been confirmed that 600 time steps in calculation sequences of the time-resolved reflectance for 3-D medium 80 × 80 × 30 mm³ in volume is completed within 4 seconds by utilizing 2³ and 4³ mm³ nonuniform cubic grids, when a conventional personal computer with 3 GHz CPU clock is used. The conditions for keeping numerical accuracies comparable to those in 2³ mm³ uniform grids are made clear. The proposed analysis greatly reduces time to run and memory space in 3-D scattering medium numerical analysis.