干气密封三维微间隙流场数值模拟

采用三维流动求解器CFD-ACE ,以空气作为工作介质,对干气密封不同工况下的内部微间隙三维流场进行了数值模拟,得到了流场的压力分布及其产生的开启力,通过与文献中试验结果的比较和分析,三维流场的计算结果与文献中试验结果吻合较好.在考虑气体的可压缩性的情况下,直接求解N-S方程可对干气密封微间隙内的三维流场进行正确的描述.     

低展弦比跨音速轴流风扇转子流场三维数值模拟

应用基于时间推进的有限差分法求解跨音速压气机风扇转子内部三维粘性流场．该方法以新型ＬＵ隐式格式和改良型 ＭＵＳＣＬ ＴＶＤ格式为基础,对三维可压缩雷诺平均 Ｎａｖｉｅ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程和低雷诺数ｑ－ω双方程湍流模型进行求解．计算得到了ＮＡＳＡ Ｌｅｗｉｓ ６７跨音速、低展弦比轴流风扇转子的性能曲线并重点分析了近最高效率点工况和近失速工况下的内部流场．计算与实验结果的对比表明此方法能够得到三维粘性流场的流动特性且计算精度较高,可用来模拟跨音速风扇转子内部流动．     

跨音速轴流压气机级三维粘性流场全工况数值模拟

采用一种快速求解三维粘性流场的计算方法求解跨音速轴流压气机级内部流场及全工况特性。该方法以LU-SGS-GE隐式格式和MUSCL TVD迎风格式为基础,结合壁面函数方法和简单的混合长度湍流模型,对三维可压缩雷诺平均Navie-Stokes方程进行求解。叶列间参数的传递采用混合平面方法并应用了微机网络并行计算技术。计算得到了NASA 37号低展弦比、跨音速轴流压气机级70％设计转速下的全工况性能曲线,并重点分析了其中一些典型工况下的内部流场。计算与实验结果的对比表明此方法能快速得到三维粘性流场的流动特性且计算精度较高,可用来模拟跨音速轴流压气机级内的全工况三维粘性流动。     

矩形冷却孔附近流动的数值研究

为了深刻认识冷却孔附近的流动结构和旋涡生成机理,本文数值研究了平板上不同矩形射流孔附近的局部流场.在给定横向流速和吹风比条件下,对不同长宽比的矩形垂直射流孔附近区域三维定常流动的流场结构进行了研究.并分析了孔附近各种主要涡旋生成的机理.     

气热耦合多孔气膜冷却流动的数值研究

对具有气膜冷却的某涡轮叶栅,提取中部截面型线进行了平面叶栅的气热耦合数值模拟,研究了多孔射流气膜冷却流动的特点.主流与固壁气流耦合计算表明,冷却气流在冷却腔内的流动过程中,被固体壁面加热,在喷射入主流场之前温度升高幅度较大,使得沿程后部的冷却效果减弱,同时研究了多射流孔附近区域三维定常流动的流场.     

二元喷管射流的数值计算

本文应用一种“换算法”,计算了二元喷管射流流场,此法将轴对称射流的流动特性通过换算系数进行换算,即可得到非轴对称射流的流动特性。应用此法得到的数值结果与实验数据吻合较好,本文还对二元喷管射流温度场与轴对称喷管射流温度场进行了比较,取得了一些重要的结论。     

超音速等离子体点火过程的三维数值模拟

为了研究等离子体点燃超音速混合气流的过程,设计并验证了超音速燃烧室的三维计算模型,计算出了燃烧室等离子体点火时的流场参数和化学反应规律,分析了等离子体点火对燃烧室内燃烧的影响。计算结果表明:高温等离子体射流的滞止作用通过增加混合气在燃烧室内的停留时间提高了点火效率; 等离子体点火时燃烧区域的压力扩散比较充分,内部为压力相对平衡的低速流动; 高温等离子体射流高速射向混合气流时产生的速度矢量偏移扩大了点火面积,从而使点火效率得到提高; 氢气、空气燃烧的燃烧产物主要是水,燃烧区域局部温度主要受局部放热反应的影响。     

高比转速离心压气机叶轮的设计及其三维流场分析

利用三维数值模拟计算(CFD)技术进行了100 kW微型燃气轮机的高比转速离心压气机叶轮的设计与内部流动的数值模拟与分析,得到了相应的特性曲线与主要气动参数分布。根据数值模拟分析,设计的100 kW微型燃气轮机高比转速离心压气机叶轮具有较高的效率和较宽广且平坦的工作特性,可以满足微燃机总体设计对压气机的要求。流道内存在复杂的跨音速流动现象。在下一步工作中,有必要优化设计叶轮几何型线,提高压气机效率。     

自激励旋进射流的流场及换热模拟

本文使用大涡模拟模型对自激励旋进射流的内部流场和冲击平板换热的温度场进行数值模拟,得到了不同进口Re数和不同膨胀比情况下的旋进射流的内部流场和冲击平板的温度场,并在此基础上分析了不同进口Re数和不同膨胀比对换热Nu数的影响.数值模拟表明,在本文所研究的进口Re数和膨胀比的变化范围内可以得到自激励旋进射流,射流对加热平板的冷却具有不对称的特征,Re数和膨胀比的增加对Nu数都有影响.     

涡旋压缩机三维数值模拟及排气过程研究

为了揭示涡旋压缩机内部流动规律提高数值模拟精度,本文建立了涡旋压缩机流体区域三维结构化动网格模型,并讨论了数值模拟方法;基于结构化动网格对涡旋压缩机工作过程进行三维数值模拟,得到其内部流场分布;分析了压力场、温度场的分布规律,研究了排气过程中流场的变化特点,并讨论了排气过程中的压力损失;结果表明在排气过程中排气腔的顶部和底部及排气口内部都存在涡流,由此引起流场分布的不均匀。研究内容有助于涡旋压缩机的设计及排气口的开设。     

氮稀释气体氧碘化学激光3维喷管流动模拟

 应用改进的3维化学反应流程序,对基于RADICL装置、以氮气为稀释气体的化学氧碘激光喷管流动做了数值模拟。给出了达到合适副气流穿深的主副气流匹配条件,考虑了提高水汽流量、改变主副气流总温对增益系数的影响,比较了与以氦气为稀释气体的不同特点。结果发现：氮气作为稀释气体条件下,混合气体的流速低,静压大,在亚声速区驻留时间长,碘分子离解快,使得增益系数峰值增大,且下降快。模拟结果提示：改变喷管结构,将副气流喷孔下移,增益分布得到了改善。     

对短周期风洞中二维涡轮叶栅的非定常数值模拟

了对短周期风洞实验中,实验段建立起周期性稳定流动的时间进行估算,以便在实验中把握测量时间,保证测量数据的有效性和推确性,本文采用显式时间推进方法求解二维Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程对短周期风洞中二维涡轮叶栅的非定常流动进行了模拟。除预测建立起周期性稳定流动过程中的流场特征和达到周期性稳定流动所需的时间外,对叶片的升力等冲击载荷在建立起周期性稳定流动过程中的变化也进行了估算,为三维涡轮部件瞬态实验方案的规划和实验设备的研制提供帮助     

用于中国散裂中子源多功能反射谱仪的高气压多丝正比室探测器的研制

中国散裂中子源需要建设一台多功能反射谱仪中子探测器,满足在10年运行期间内,50%(@2A)以上的探测效率、好于2 mm的二维位置分辨、200 mm×200 mm的灵敏面积、3倍的n/γ分辨能力及良好的二维成像性能.基于此要求,探测器因此采用基于高气压~3He气体的多丝正比室,并以满足反射谱仪的探测效率、位置分辨、长期稳定工作和n/y分辨能力为目标进行探测器的设计.本文经过模拟和实验计算得出:以9 mm厚的铝合金入射窗、铝丝密封的高气压腔体和6 bar~3He+2.5 bar C_3H_8的工作气体的设计,可满足探测器对2 A中子10年运行期间内54%以上的探测效率要求;探测器对中子的位置分辨可达到1.4 mm左右;设计的气体净化系统,拥有2 L/min的气流速度可有效去除探测器内的负电性杂质气体,气体循环净化后可提高探测器约27%的气体增益,保证探测器长期稳定的运行;通过对~(252)Cf中子源的能谱测量和成像测量,得出探测器的n/γ分辨能力在5倍以上和均匀的成像结果.研制的探测器满足反射谱仪需求,并已在中国散裂中子源反射谱仪靶站就位联调.     

用于太赫兹源粒子模拟的有限电导率模块研制

针对THz频段微电真空器件波导壁面材料电导率及加工粗糙度引发损耗的模拟需求,研制了有限电导率模块,并将其添加进三维全电磁粒子模拟大规模并行程序NEPTUNE3D。介绍了有限电导率的时域有限差分显格式及时谐场近似解方法,针对上述方法的优缺点,提出了基于扩散方程隐格式的有限电导率模块算法,该算法具备无条件稳定、普适性好的优点。利用矩波导常见电磁波模传输损耗算例,测试了自编的有限电导率模块,测试结果与理论值及同类商业电磁软件计算结果进行了比对,验证了模块的可靠性。利用添加有限电导率的三维全电磁粒子模拟程序NEPTUNE3D,模拟了材料电导率以及表面粗糙度对0.22 THz折叠波导行波管性能的影响,模拟结果表明,材料电导率及表面粗糙度会显著降低器件输出功率和增益水平。综合色散关系、耦合阻抗、衰减常数等因素,给出了器件结构参数设计建议,并指出:通过增加电子束流、注入信号功率以及慢波结构周期数目等方式可一定程度上提高器件输出功率水平。     

Holographic imaging of full-color real-existing three-dimensional objects with computer-generated sequential kinoforms

We propose a computational method for generating sequential kinoforms of real-existing full-color threedimensional (3D) objects and realizing high-quality 3D imaging.The depth map and color information are obtained using non-contact full-color 3D measurement system based on binocular vision.The obtained full-color 3D data are decomposed into multiple slices with RGB channels.Sequential kinoforms of each channel are calculated and reconstructed using a Fresnel-diffraction-based algorithm called the dynamicpseudorandom-phase tomographic computer holography (DPP-TCH).Color dispersion introduced by different wavelengths is well compensated by zero-padding operation in the red and green channels of object slices.Numerical reconstruction results show that the speckle noise and color-dispersion are well suppressed and that high-quality full-color holographic 3D imaging is feasible.The method is useful for improving the 3D image quality in holographic displays with pixelated phase-type spatial light modulators (SLMs).     

Characteristics of amine-based all-gas-phase iodine laser

The characteristics of an amine-based all-gas-phase iodine laser (AGIL) are studied. At constant flow rates of the chemical species, the small-signal gain and laser output power are measured at three different positions in the flow reactor. It is clarified that the positive gain exceeding the threshold (2.3×10^?3%/cm) is maintained over a region more than 80 mm long along the flow. The highest small-signal gain of 7.8×10^?3%/cm and laser output power of 50 mW are observed at 170 mm downstream from the mixing point of HI and H. Numerical simulations suggest that the long positive-gain region is attributable to the following characteristics of the present apparatus: inefficient mixing and inefficient H₂ dissociation. It is confirmed experimentally and numerically that these limitations are beneficial for extending the positive-gain region to the downstream; however, the optimum HI flow rate is limited a small value and results in a much lower gain than the theoretical limit. In order to achieve a higher gain, fast mixing and efficient H₂ dissociation must be simultaneously achieved so as to increase the optimum HI flow rate. Numerical simulation results suggest that a positive gain of 5.4×10^?2%/cm, a 7-times higher gain than that indicated by the present experimental results, should be obtained with the same NCl₃ flow rate.     

非平衡气流与化学激光的增益饱和效应

提出气流与化学激光的“对流-非平衡交叉弛豫”的理论。对于气流介质的湍流和层流混合两类流动模型,分别导出了增益系数和饱和增益谱的表示式;得到了一些新的饱和规律;非饱和增益和饱和增益均与流向距离有关。具有Doppler加宽的饱和放大器的增益线形,呈现非均匀和均匀加宽并存的“反常”现象。本理论与实验结果相符合。 关键词：     

A Numerical Study of Characteristic Slow-Transient Behavior of a Compressible 2D Gas-Liquid Two-Fluid Model

The purpose of this paper is to gain some insight into the characteristic behavior of a general compressible two-fluid gas-liquid model in 2D by using numerical computations. Main focus is on mass transport phenomena. Relatively few numerical results in higher dimensions can be found in the literature for this two-fluid model, in particular, for cases where mass transport dynamics are essential. We focus on natural extensions to 2D of known 1D benchmark test cases, like water faucet and gas-liquid separation, previously employed by many researchers for the purpose of testing various numerical schemes. For the numerical investigations, the WIMF discretization method introduced in [SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 26 (2005), 1449] is applied, in combination with a standard dimensional splitting approach. Highly complicated flow patterns are observed reflecting the balance between acceleration forces, gravity, interfacial forces, and pressure gradients. An essential ingredient in these results is the appearance of single-phase regions in combination with mixture regions (dispersed flow). Solutions are calculated and shown from early times until a steady state is reached. Grid refinement studies are included to demonstrate that the obtained solutions are not grid-sensitive.     

Segmentation and counting of FISH signals in confocal microscopy images

In this paper we have presented a semi-automatic method for segmenting and counting the Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) signals per cell nucleus in a 3D tissue image. The number of FISH signals indicate the gain (trisomy) or loss (monosomy) of certain base-sequences in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The quantitative evaluation of the loss or gain in DNA is necessary in qualitative diagnostic molecular pathology. Multispectral volumetric images are obtained using the Confocal Microscope. Each consists of a red channel depicting the 3D morphology of the tissue and green channel containing the FISH signals. The red channel tissue image is segmented first to determine the membership of the FISH signal to a particular nuclei. Various segmentation methods starting from simple local thresholding to volume growing and active volumes are used for segmentation. A brief comparative study of the visual signal count by pathologist and our automatic count is also presented.