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1.
We report on a simple and reliable method for the determination of trace cadmium ion using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with cupferron, ß-naphthol and MWCNTs. The operational mechanism consists of several steps: first, the ligand cupferron on the modified electrode reacts with Cd2+ ion to form a chelate compound. Next, this chelate is adsorbed by the carrier ß-naphthol following the principle of organic co-precipitation. Finally, the coprecipitated complex is detected by the GCE. This scheme is interesting because it combines preconcentration and electrochemical detection. Two linear responses are obtained, one in the concentration range of 5.0?×?10?11 to 1.6?×?10?8 M, the other in the range of 1.6?×?10?8 to 1.42?×?10?6 M, with a lower detection limit of 1.6?×?10?11 M. This modified GCE does not suffer from significant interferences by Cu(II), Hg(II), Ag(I), Fe(III), Pb(II), Cr(III), Zn(II), NO3?, Cl?, SO 4 2? ions and EDTA. The response of the electrode remained constant for at least 3 weeks of successive operation. The method presented here provides a new way for the simultaneous separation, enrichment, and electrochemical detection of trace cadmium ion.
Figure
Separation, enrichment and electrochemical detection of trace cadmium ion were simultaneously and synchronously carried through on the electrode modified with cupferron, ß-naphthol, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. It shows higher selectivity, excellent sensitivity and good stability.  相似文献   

2.
In this paper, an electrochemical application of bismuth film modified glassy carbon electrode for azo-colorants determination was investigated. Bismuth-film electrode (BiFE) was prepared by ex-situ depositing of bismuth onto glassy carbon electrode. The plating potential was ?0.78 V (vs. SCE) in a solution of 0.15 mg mL?1 Bi(III) and 0.05 mg mL?1 KBr for 180 s. In the next step, a thin film of chitosan was deposited on the surface of bismuth modified glassy carbon electrode, thus the bismuth-chitosan thin film modified glassy carbon electrode (Bi-CHIT/GCE) was fabricated and compared with bare GCE and bismuth modified GCE. Azo-colorants such as Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine were determined on these electrodes by differential pulse voltammetry. Due to overlapping peaks of Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine, simultaneous determination of them is not possible, so net analyte signal standard addition method (NASSAM) was used for this determination. The results showed that coated chitosan can enhance the bismuth film sensitivity, improve the mechanical stability without caused contamination of surface electrode. The Bi-CHIT/GC electrode behaved linearly to Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine in the concentration range of 5×10?6 to 2.38×10?4 M and 1×10?6 to 0.41×10?4 M with a detection limit of 10 µM (4.52 µg mL?1) and 10 µM (5.47 µg mL?1), respectively   相似文献   

3.
A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with the nickel(II)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline) complex and with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The nickel complex was electrodeposited on the MWCNTs by cyclic voltammetry. The modified GCE displays excellent electrocatalytic activity to the oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA). The effects of fraction of MWCNTs, film thickness and pH values were optimized. Response to AA is linear in the 10 to 630 μM concentration range, and the detection limit is 4 μM (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3:1). The modified electrode was applied to determine AA in vitamin C tablets and in spiked fruit juice.
Graphical Abstract
A simple and sensitive ascorbic acid electrochemical sensor was fabricated by electrodepositing of nickel complex onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes/glassy carbon electrode. The sensor has high selectivity, rapid current response, is easy to construct and can be utilized for ascorbic acid determination.  相似文献   

4.
We have developed a highly sensitive and selective sensor for lead(II) ions. A glassy carbon electrode was modified with Fe3O4 nanospheres and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and this material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The electrode displays good electrochemical activity toward Pb(II) and gives anodic and cathodic peaks with potentials at ?496 mV and ?638 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) in pH?6.0 solution. The sensor exhibits a sensitive and fairly selective response to Pb(II) ion, with a linear range between 20 pM and 1.6 nM, and a detection limit as low as 6.0 pM (at a signal-to noise ratio of 3). The sensor was successfully applied to monitor Pb(II) in spiked water samples.
Figure
A fast and sensitive Pb(II) electrochemical sensor has been fabricated by modifying Fe3O4 nanospheres and multi-walled carbon nanotubes onto the pretreated glassy carbon electrode. The electrode displays good electrochemical activity toward Pb(II). And a low detection limit of 6.0 pM, high sensitivity, good reproducibility and stability provide the Fe3O4/MWCNTs/GCE a definite candidate for monitoring lead ion in real samples.  相似文献   

5.
We have prepared a novel sensor for hydrogen peroxide that is based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a film containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes wired to CuO nanoflowers. The nanoflowers were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, and the electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electron microscopy. The response of the modified electrode towards hydrogen peroxide was investigated by CV and chronoamperometry and showed it to exhibit high electrocatalytic activity, with a linear range from 0.5?μM to 82?μM and a detection limit of 0.16?μM. The sensor also displays excellent selectivity and stability.
Graphical abstract
We have prepared a novel sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that is based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with a film containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) wired to CuO nanoflowers. The scheme shows the construction of the MWCNTs-wired CuO nanoflowers modified electrode and electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2. When H2O2 was added, the cathodic peak current of the CuO-MWCNTs/GCE remarkably increased while its anodic peak current obviously decreased. By increasing the concentration of H2O2, the cathodic peak current further increased while its anodic peak current further decreased. Indicating CuO-MWCNTs/GCE has a remarkable electrocatalytic activity for H2O2. The scheme. The construction of the MWCNTs-wired CuO nanoflowers modified electrode and electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2  相似文献   

6.
In this paper, a novel and convenient electrochemical sensor for detection of methimazole (MMI) by differential pulse voltammetry is presented. This sensor was fabricated by dripping well-dispersed MWCNTs onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface, and then poly-l-Arg (P-L-Arg) film was deposited on the electrode. Finally, Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs) were electrochemically deposited on the resulting film by using cyclic voltammetry to prepare CuNPs-P-L-Arg/MWCNTs/GCE. The surface morphology of the electrodes has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Studies reveal that the irreversible oxidation of MMI was highly facile on CuNPs-P-L-Arg/MWCNTs/GCE. The dynamic detection range of this sensor to MMI was 5.2–50 µM, with the detection limit of 2 µM. A new voltammetric method for determination of MMI was erected and shows good sensitivity and selectivity, very easy surface update and good stability. The analytical application of the modified electrode is demonstrated by determining MMI in biological fluids (serum).  相似文献   

7.
Room temperature 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraflouroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) ionic liquid was employed for dispersion of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the formation of nanocomposite on the surface of a carbon-ceramic electrode. The surface of the modified electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modified electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical activity to oxidation of dopamine (DA); whereas electro oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) was not seen and electro oxidation of uric acid (UA) appeared at a more positive potential than DA. The multi walled carbon nanotube-ionic liquid nanocomposite modified carbon-ceramic electrode was used for the selective determination of DA in the presence of high levels of AA and UA using differential pulse voltammetry. The calibration curve for DA was linear in the range of 3.00 to 130 µM with the detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.87 µM. The present electrode was successfully applied to the determination of DA in some commercial pharmaceutical samples and human blood serum.   相似文献   

8.
A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with nickel(II) hydroxide nanoparticles and a film of molybdenum sulfide. The nanocomposite was prepared by two-step electrodeposition. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the nanoparticles are uniformly deposited on the film. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry indicate that this modified GCE displays a remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards nonenzymatic oxidation of glucose. Response is linear in the 10–1,300 μM concentration range (R 2 ?=?0.9987), the detection limit is very low (5.8 μM), response is rapid (< 2 s), and selectivity over ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid, fructose and galactose is very good.
Figure
An efficient nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on Ni(OH)2/MoSx nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode has been fabricated via a two-step electrodeposition approach. The resulting nonenzymatic sensor exhibits excellent properties toward glucose detection, such as low detection limit, fast response and noticeable selectivity.  相似文献   

9.
We have prepared a glassy carbon electrode modified with poly-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles. This modification enhances the effective surface area and the electrocatalytic oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in addition to providing positively charged groups for electrostatic assembly of the phosphate group of NADH. The modified electrode responds linearly to NADH in the range from 5?×?10?8 to 2.5?×?10?5?M and gives a lower detection limit of 1?×?10?8?M. It displays satisfactory selectivity and reproducibility. The sensor was applied to rapid screening of plant extracts for their antioxidant properties.
Figure
Poly-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) was fabricated by electropolymerizing 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid with cyclic voltammetry (CV) on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface. The magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles treated with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) modified on the PDC/GCE to form APTS-Fe3O4/PDC composite film. The APTS-Fe3O4/PDC film had enhanced the effective electrode surface area and provided positively charged groups for electrostatic assembly of phosphate group of NADH.  相似文献   

10.
A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and a hydrophobic ionic liquid (IL), was used for the simultaneous voltammetric determination of theophylline (TP) and guaifenesin (GF). The results showed that the oxidations of TP and GF were facilitated at modified electrode and peak‐to‐peak separation at MWCNT? IL/GCE (252 mV) was larger than that observed at unmodified GCE (165 mV). Voltammetric signals for TP and GF exhibited linear ranges of 0.5 to 98.0 µM (R2>0.99) and 1.5 to 480.0 µM (R2>0.99), respectively. The method was used to estimate TP and GF contents in some real samples.  相似文献   

11.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were decorated with magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles and then used to modify a stainless steel electrode. The Fe3O4/MWCNTs composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction patterns. Electrochemical properties of the modified electrode revealed a substantial catalytic activity for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The relationship between peak current and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was linear in the range from 0.06?mmol?L?1 to 0.36?mmol?L?1, and the lowest detectable concentration is 0.01?mmol·L?1 (S/N?=?3). The modified stainless steel electrode displays excellent stability.
Graphical abstract
TEM image of Fe3O4/MWCNTs nanocomposites (left) and SEM image of stainless steel after loading Fe3O4/MWCNTs nanocomposites (right).  相似文献   

12.
In the present work, we described the preparation of iron nanoparticles decorated graphene-multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite (GR-MWCNTs/FeNPs) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and its application for the sensitive determination of nitrite. First, GR-MWCNTs/FeNPs nanocomposite has been prepared by a simple solution-based approach via chemical reduction and then it was characterized. Afterwards, GR-MWCNTs/FeNPs/GCE was prepared and employed for the electrocatalysis of nitrite. Electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite at the GR-MWCNTs/FeNPs/GCE has been significantly improved in terms of both reduction in overpotential and increase in peak current. Therefore, the modified electrode was employed for amperometric determination of nitrite which exhibited excellent analytical parameters with wide linear range of 1?×?10?7 M to 1.68?×?10?3 M and very low detection limit of 75.6 (±1.3)?nM. The proposed sensor selectively detects nitrite even in the presence of high concentration of common ions and biological interferrants. Good recoveries achieved for the determination of nitrite in various water samples reveal the promising practicality of the sensor. In addition, the sensor displays an acceptable repeatability and reproducibility along with appreciable storage and excellent operational stabilities.
Figure
Schematic representation for the preparation of GR-MWCNTs/FeNPs nanocomposite and its electrocatalysis towards nitrite  相似文献   

13.
We present a modified glassy carbon electrode as a sensing platform for glucose. It is based on a composite film prepared from Ni(II) ion, quercetin and graphene. The sensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry. The electron transfer coefficient, reaction rate constant and catalytic rate constant were determined and found to be 0.53, 5.4?s?1 and 2.93?×?103?M?1 s?1, respectively. The catalytic current depends linearly on the concentration of glucose in the range from 3 to 900???M, with a detection limit of 0.5???M (at an S/R of 3). The sensor exhibits good reproducibility, stability, fast response, and high sensitivity.
Figure
Cyclic voltammograms of Ni(II)-Qu/Gr/GCE in 0.1?M NaOH solution at various scan rates (from inner to outer): 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0?V·s?1. Plot of I p versus ??1/2 and E p versus log??.  相似文献   

14.
A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with silicon carbide nanoparticles and used to investigate the electrochemistry of the drug nimesulide via voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The structure of the modified electrode was studied by field emission scanning electron microscopy. Nimesulide undergoes electroreduction at pH 2 at a potential that is shifted from ?526 mV (at the bare GCE) to ?387 mV at the modified electrode. Simultaneously, sensitivity is increased by a factor of 5.8. The charge transfer coefficient, diffusion coefficient, standard heterogeneous rate constant and catalytic reaction rate constant were determined. A plot potential vs. pH revealed a voltammetric pKa value of about 6.5–7.0. The differential pulse voltammetric calibration plot for nimesulide is linear in 0.09–8.7 μM concentration range, and the detection limit and sensitivity are 30 nM and 512 nA.μM?1, respectively. The modified electrode was applied to the determination of nimesulide in acidic solution and human blood serum samples without further pretreatment. The recoveries, as determined by the standard addition method, range from 95.7 to 98.7%, with an RSD of around 1.6%.
Figure
(A) CVs of SiC-NPs/GC modified electrode at scan rate 0.1 V.s-1 in pH 2.0 PBS solutions in the absence (c) and the presence of 8.0 μM nimesulide (d). (a) and (b) as (c) and (d), respectively at bare GC electrode. (B) DPVs at voltage step 0.008 V, sweep rate 0.02 V.s?1 and pulse amplitude 0.05 V in pH 2.0 PBS solutions in the absence (c) and the presence of 8.0 μM nimesulide (d). (a) and (b) as (c) and (d) respectively at bare GC electrode.  相似文献   

15.
We have prepared a graphene-based hybrid nanomaterial by electrochemical deposition of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoOxNPs) on the surface of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to characterize the immobilized nanoparticles. Electrochemical determination of H2O2 is demonstrated with the modified GCE at pH 7. Compared to GCEs modified with CoOxNPs or graphene sheets only, the new electrode displays larger oxidative current response to H2O2, probably due to the synergistic effects between the graphene sheets and the CoOxNPs. The sensor responds to H2O2 with a sensitivity of 148.6 μA mM?1 cm?2 and a linear response range from 5 μM to 1 mM. The detection limit is 0.2 μM at a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of three. The method was successfully applied to the determination of H2O2 in hydrogen peroxide samples.
Figure
A highly sensitive H2O2 sensor using a glassy carbon electrode modified with cobalt oxide nanoparticles/electrochemical reduced graphene oxide (CoOxNPs/ERGO) hybrids is presented.  相似文献   

16.
An electrochemical sensor was developed and tested for detection of L-tyrosine in the presence of epinephrine by surface modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with Nafion and cerium dioxide nanoparticles. Fabrication parameters of a surfactant-assisted precipitation method were optimized to produce 2–3 nm CeO2 nanoparticles with very high surface-to-volume ratio. The resulting nanocrystals were characterized structurally and morphologically by X-ray diffractometery (XRD), scanning and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (SEM and HR-TEM). The nanopowder is sonochemically dispersed in a Nafion solution which is then used to modify the surface of a GCE electrode. The electrochemical activity of L-tyrosine and epinephrine was investigated using both a Nafion-CeO2 coated and a bare GCE. The modified electrode exhibits a significant electrochemical oxidation effect of L-tyrosine in a 0.2 M Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution of pH 2. The electro-oxidation peak current increases linearly with the L-tyrosine concentration in the molar concentration range of 2 to 160 μM. By employing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for simultaneous measurements, we detected two reproducible peaks for L-tyrosine and epinephrine in the same solution with a peak separation of about 443 mV. The detection limit of the sensor (signal to noise ratio of 3) for L-tyrosine is ~90 nM and the sensitivity is 0.20 μA μM?1, while for epinephrine these values are ~60 nM and 0.19 μA μM?1. The sensor exhibited excellent selectivity, sensitivity, reproducibility and stability as well as a very good recovery time in real human blood serum samples.
Simultaneous electrochemical determination of L-tyrosine and epinephrine in blood plasma with Nafion-CeO2/GCE modified electrode showing a 443 mV peak-to-peak potential difference between species oxidation peak currents.  相似文献   

17.
We describe a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the sensitive determination of nitrite in waste water samples. The GCE was modified by electrodeposition of cobalt oxide nanoparticles on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) deposited on a conventional GCE. Scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques were used for the characterization of the composite material which is very uniform and forms a kind of nanoporous structure. Electrochemical experiments showed that the modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic properties for nitrite. Amperometry revealed a good linear relationship between peak current and nitrate concentration in the 0.5 to 250???M range with a detection limit of 0.3???M (S/N?=?3). The method has been applied to the amperometric detection of nitrite. The modified electrode displays good storage stability, reproducibility, and selectivity for a promising practical application.
Figure
The dense and entangled CoOx/MWCNTs nanocomposite showed a three-dimensional nanoporous structure. The three-dimensional nanoporous structure provided ample space to allow fast mass transport of ions through the electrolyte/electrode interface as well as a conductive network for enhancing electronic conductivity which was favorable to the catalytic application of CoOx.  相似文献   

18.
A sensitive nitrite (NO2) biosensor was fabricated by using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Au nanorods, and thionine functionalized MWCNTs (TH‐f‐MWCNTs) nanohybrids modified glassy carbon electrode. TH was covalently immobilized on the MWCNTs via a carbodiimide reaction. Comparing with MWCNTs/GCE, TH‐f‐MWCNTs/GCE displays higher catalytic activity toward the oxidation of NO2, since TH not only promoted the electronic transmission but also could improve the concentration of NO2 at the surface of the modified electrode in acidic solutions. The Au nanorods (AuNRs) were prepared through a simple wet chemical method and were characterized by TEM. The extremely high surface‐to‐volume ratios associated with one dimension nanostructures make their electrical properties extremely sensitive to species adsorbed on surfaces and result in excellent sensitivity and selectivity. SDS displays excellent film forming ability, which made the electrode stable. Under optimal conditions, the linear range for the detection of nitrite was 0.26 to 51 μM, and the low detection limit was 20 nM. In addition, the modified electrode was successfully applied to determine nitrite in real water samples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
We have developed a sensor for the square wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Pb(II). A glassy carbon electrode was modified with a thin film of an antimony/poly(p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid) composite in air-saturated aqueous solution of pH 2.0. Compared to a conventional antimony film electrode, the new one yields a larger stripping signal for Pb(II). The conditions of polymerization, the concentration of Sb(III), the pH value of the sample solution, the deposition potential and time, frequency, potential amplitude, and step increment potential were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, a linear response was observed for Pb(II) in the range of 0.5 to 150.0 μg?L?1. The detection limit for Pb(II) is 0.1 μg?L?1.
Figure
The surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by electropolymerization of p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid (p-ABSA) and the modified electrode was then prepared by in situ depositing antimony and target metal on the poly(p-ABSA) coated glassy carbon electrode. The antimony/poly(p-ABSA) film electrode displays high electrochemical activity in giving a peak current that is proportional to the concentration of Pb(II) in a certain range.  相似文献   

20.
We report on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a lead ionophore and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. It can be applied to square wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Pb(II) ion after preconcentration of Pb(II) at ?1.0?V (vs. SCE) for 300?s in pH?4.5 acetate buffer containing 400?μg?L?1 of Bi(III). The ionophore-MWCNTs film on the GCE possesses strong and highly selective affinity for Pb(II) as confirmed by quartz crystal microbalance experiments. Under the optimum conditions, a linear response was observed for Pb(II) ion in the range from 0.3 to 50?μg?L?1. The limit of detection (at S/N?=?3) is 0.1?μg?L?1. The method was applied to the determination of Pb(II) in water samples with acceptable recovery.
Figure
A glassy carbon electrode modified with a lead ionophore and multiwalled carbon nanotubes is successfully applied to sensitive and selective square wave anodic stripping voltammetric determination of Pb(II) ion after preconcentration of Pb(II) at ?1.0?V (vs. SCE) in pH?4.5 solutions containing 400?μg?L?1 of Bi(III).  相似文献   

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