一种基于新型偏振干涉成像光谱仪的目标偏振信息探测新方法

提出了一种采用基于视场补偿型Savart偏光镜的新型偏振干涉成像光谱仪对二维目标偏振信息进行空间遥感探测的新原理和新方法.在新型偏振干涉成像光谱仪光学系统不变的情况下,通过旋转偏振干涉仪分别测出了三个不同角度下像面上各像点的光强值,反演出了二维面目标的斯托克斯矢量,并给出了各像点偏振度和偏振方向的理论表达式.采用计算机模拟实验对该探测原理和方法进行了验证,所得结果与理论完全符合.从理论和实践上扩展了干涉成像光谱仪的探测功能,与目前国内外所研究的成像光谱仪相比,该成像光谱仪既能同时探测目标二维空间信息和一维光谱信息,又提供了一种获得目标偏振信息的手段和方法.     

Computerized ultrasonic tomography for testing solid propellant rocket motors

Certain types of defects, such as inhomogeneities in, for example, a plastic-like propellant, are not easily detected by pulse-echo techniques, so a through transmission technique is required. However, the shape of the test object may not permit transmission through the object in any required direction as is normally necessary for computerized ultrasonic tomography.A solid propellant rocket motor is such an object and in the course of this work a scanning technique is employed together with a suitable reconstruction algorithm to obtain a reconstructed image of the cross-section under investigation, overcoming the problem of not being able to transmit pulses through the object along every line normally required. Both a computer simulation and a real system were realized for the test object and images were produced from both. The time of flight of an ultrasonic beam through the specimen is the parameter used in the reconstruction (sound velocity measurement).     

基于网格点投影灰度相似性的三维重建新方法

基于双目立体视觉的三维重构是计算机视觉技术的主要内容之一,在机器人视觉导航、航空测绘、医学成像和工业检测等很多领域都有广泛的应用.提出一种基于网格点投影灰度相似性的双日立体视觉的三维重建新方法.首先将被测物体所在的世界坐标系划分成问距卡日等的矩形网格,将网格节点作为潜在的物点投影到左右图像坐标系上,然后根据不同深度的空间点在两幅图像上相应的灰度相似性来判断被测物体在三维空间中的深度信息.通过Matlab平台下的仿真实验证明了本方法的三维重建效果和计箅效率都要优于传统方法.与传统的图像匹配方法相比,具有算法简单、速度快、精度高、且不受摄像装置非线性畸变影响的优点.     

An optimized in vivo multiple-baseline stereo imaging system for skin wrinkles

Recent developments in computer vision have attempted to mimic human visual physiology. One application of this technology is the evaluation of skin wrinkles. We have developed a non-convergence stereo system that can be calibrated in vivo and can be controlled to the level of microns for baseline. We are able to obtain more accurate 3D information by calibrating nonlinear interrelations between the disparity of object and depth information.     

Computer-generated kinoforms of real-existing full-color 3D objects using pure-phase look-up-table method

A computational method based on pure-phase look-up-table (LUT) is proposed for generating kinoforms of full-color real-existing three-dimensional (3D) objects. The principle of the pure-phase LUT method is described. 3D depth as well as color information of a full-color 3D object is obtained by the full-color 3D profile measurement approach based on binocular vision. The obtained full-color 3D data is decomposed into red (R), green (G), and blue (B) channels, and kinoforms of each channel are calculated from the depth map and color information of the corresponding channel using the pure-phase LUT method. In order to reduce the speckle noise of reconstructed full-color 3D image, sequential kinoforms of each color channel are generated by adding dynamic-pseudorandom phase factor into the object domain. Numerical reconstruction and optical reconstruction with a phase-only spatial light modulator (SLM) show that, with the proposed method, full-color holographic 3D display of real-existing full-color 3D objects is available.     

X射线光场成像技术研究

X射线三维成像技术是目前国内外X射线成像研究领域的一个研究热点.但针对一些特殊成像目标,传统X射线计算层析(CT)成像模式易出现投影信息缺失等问题,影响CT重建的图像质量,使得CT成像的应用受到一定的限制.本文主要研究了基于光场成像理论的X射线三维立体成像技术.首先从同步辐射光源模型出发,对X射线光场成像进行建模;然后,基于光场成像数字重聚焦理论,对成像目标场在深度方向上进行切片重建.结果表明:该方法可以实现对成像目标任一视角下任一深度的内部切片重建,但是由于光学聚焦过程中的离焦现象,会引入较为严重的背景噪声.当对其原始数据进行滤波后,再进行X射线光场重聚焦,可以有效消除重建伪影,提高图像的重建质量.本研究既有算法理论意义,又可应用于工业、医疗等较复杂目标的快速检测,具有较大的应用价值.     

一种基于结构光条纹投影的微小物体测量系统

为了通过结构光投影的方法测量微小物体,构建了一套微小物体三维形貌测量系统,视场范围可达1.8 cm×1.6 cm。这套测量系统利用了Light Crafter 4500数字投影组件的高速投影、立体显微镜的低畸变缩放、远心镜头的大景深与低畸变成像的特性。先利用立体显微镜对Light Crafter 4500投影的相移条纹图进行低畸变缩小,再投影到待测物体表面,采用配有远心镜头的相机同步记录受到物体表面形貌调制而发生形变的条纹,利用三步相移法计算出条纹对应的截断相位图,再根据可靠路径跟踪相位展开算法求取连续的相位分布,重建被测物体的三维表面形貌。实验成功重建了以BGA芯片为代表的微小物体表面三维形貌。实验结果表明,系统测量精度达到11 μm,系统的有效深度测量范围为700 μm。     

Whole-field thickness strain measurement using multiple camera digital image correlation system

Three Dimensional digital image correlation(3D-DIC) has been widely used by industry, especially for strain measurement. The traditional 3D-DIC system can accurately obtain the whole-field 3D deformation. However, the conventional 3D-DIC system can only acquire the displacement field on a single surface, thus lacking information in the depth direction. Therefore, the strain in the thickness direction cannot be measured. In recent years, multiple camera DIC (multi-camera DIC) systems have become a new research topic, which provides much more measurement possibility compared to the conventional 3D-DIC system. In this paper, a multi-camera DIC system used to measure the whole-field thickness strain is introduced in detail. Four cameras are used in the system. two of them are placed at the front side of the object, and the other two cameras are placed at the back side. Each pair of cameras constitutes a sub stereo-vision system and measures the whole-field 3D deformation on one side of the object. A special calibration plate is used to calibrate the system, and the information from these two subsystems is linked by the calibration result. Whole-field thickness strain can be measured using the information obtained from both sides of the object. Additionally, the major and minor strain on the object surface are obtained simultaneously, and a whole-field quasi 3D strain history is acquired. The theory derivation for the system, experimental process, and application of determining the thinning strain limit based on the obtained whole-field thickness strain history are introduced in detail.     

Robust Vehicle Speed Measurement Based on Feature Information Fusion for Vehicle Multi-Characteristic Detection

A robust vehicle speed measurement system based on feature information fusion for vehicle multi-characteristic detection is proposed in this paper. A vehicle multi-characteristic dataset is constructed. With this dataset, seven CNN-based modern object detection algorithms are trained for vehicle multi-characteristic detection. The FPN-based YOLOv4 is selected as the best vehicle multi-characteristic detection algorithm, which applies feature information fusion of different scales with both rich high-level semantic information and detailed low-level location information. The YOLOv4 algorithm is improved by combing with the attention mechanism, in which the residual module in YOLOv4 is replaced by the ECA channel attention module with cross channel interaction. An improved ECA-YOLOv4 object detection algorithm based on both feature information fusion and cross channel interaction is proposed, which improves the performance of YOLOv4 for vehicle multi-characteristic detection and reduces the model parameter size and FLOPs as well. A multi-characteristic fused speed measurement system based on license plate, logo, and light is designed accordingly. The system performance is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the speed measurement error rate of the proposed system meets the requirement of the China national standard GB/T 21555-2007 in which the speed measurement error rate should be less than 6%. The proposed system can efficiently enhance the vehicle speed measurement accuracy and effectively improve the vehicle speed measurement robustness.     

一种新的双频光栅轮廓术

物体含突变部分时,包裹相位很难准确恢复.若用双频光栅技术分两次测量,测量次数增加,不符合实时要求.提出用软件方法生成含两种不同频率的复合光栅,用液晶投影仪投影.针对不同物体突变情形,生成各种不同灵敏度的复合光栅.只一次采集,就达到过去双频多次采集的效果.两幅不同灵敏度的相位图可同时获取,相位去包裹时高精度光栅相位不确定性由粗光栅对应相位修正.最后,进行了实验测试.结果表明,新方法具有速度快、精度高、测试范围广等特点.     

柴油发电机组输出特性现场检定装置的设计与实现

针对原有柴油发电机组的专用控制器功能单一、结构复杂、测量精度低等问题,设计了一款柴油发电机输出特性现场检定装置系统;采用以STM32高性能处理器为核心的硬件平台,基于总线控制的模块化设计,其中包括基于485总线控制交流电子负载模块、电能质量分析模块以及温度采集模块;最后编写具有框架式的上位机显控界面,完成实时的数据显示、存储、记录,以及交流电子负载的控制;实验结果表明:柴油发电机组输出特性现场检定装置系统能够为被测柴油发电机组提供交流电子负载,实时测量柴油发电机组的输出电压、电流、功率、频率等信息,能够与检定技术人员进行实时信息交互,检验柴油发电机组的输出特性是否满足技术指标要求。     

Analysis of process parameters of laser structuring with Taguchi method

In this study the usefulness of micro-Computed Tomography (μ-CT) for the in-depth analysis of enamelled metal objects was tested. Usually investigations of enamelled metal artefacts are restricted to non-destructive surface analysis or analysis of cross sections after destructive sampling. Radiography, a commonly used technique in the field of cultural heritage studies, is limited to providing two-dimensional information about a three-dimensional object (Lang and Middleton, Radiography of Cultural Material, pp. 60–61, Elsevier-Butterworth-Heinemann, Amsterdam-Stoneham-London, 2005). Obtaining virtual slices and information about the internal structure of these objects was made possible by CT analysis. With this technique the underlying metal work was studied without removing the decorative enamel layer. Moreover visible defects such as cracks were measured in both width and depth and as of yet invisible defects and weaker areas are visualised. All these features are of great interest to restorers and conservators as they allow a view inside these objects without so much as touching them.     

Wavefront sensing with random amplitude mask and phase retrieval

A light beam with an ideal wavefront that is transmitted or reflected from an object is modified by different characteristics of the object such as shape, refractive index, density, or temperature. Wavefront sensing therefore yields valuable information about the system or the changes happening to the system. A new method for wavefront sensing using a random amplitude mask and a phase retrieval method based on the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld wave propagation equation is described. The proposed method has many potential applications ranging from phase contrast imaging and measurement of lens aberration to shape measurement of three-dimensional objects.     

集成成像大纵深物体的三维形貌获取技术

为了满足现代工业所需的大纵深物体的三维形貌获取需求,解决传统结构光三维形貌获取技术纵深较小的问题, 借助集成成像这种阵列式多视点获取技术,构建了基于集成成像的大纵深物体的三维形貌获取技术。从集成成像原理出发,分析了集成成像三维物点和同名像点之间的关系,得到集成成像光学获取系统参数和三维物体纵深极限之间的关系。在此基础上,利用相机和电动平移台构建了扫描式相机集成成像三维形貌获取系统,并对纵深从600 mm到3 600 mm相对独立的2个物体构建的大纵深三维物体进行了形貌获取。光学实验结果显示,该集成成像大纵深物体三维形貌获取技术能够单次获取纵深为3 600 mm的三维物体的三维形貌,为大纵深物体的三维形貌获取提供了技术支持。     

用条纹图形拼接法测量三维大物体面形

三维物体面形的测量在各个领域中有着广泛的应用，用莫尔法、调制光场分析法测量具有非接触性、高精度、快速的特点，但对于大物体的测量却存在着许多困难，诸如阴影噪声难以消除、条纹对比度低。考虑到图形的相关性，本文提出了一种基于多孔径拼接原理的测量三维大物体面形的方法：条纹图形拼接法，给出了数学模型、计算机模拟结果和实验结果。     

Holographic imaging of full-color real-existing three-dimensional objects with computer-generated sequential kinoforms

We propose a computational method for generating sequential kinoforms of real-existing full-color threedimensional (3D) objects and realizing high-quality 3D imaging.The depth map and color information are obtained using non-contact full-color 3D measurement system based on binocular vision.The obtained full-color 3D data are decomposed into multiple slices with RGB channels.Sequential kinoforms of each channel are calculated and reconstructed using a Fresnel-diffraction-based algorithm called the dynamicpseudorandom-phase tomographic computer holography (DPP-TCH).Color dispersion introduced by different wavelengths is well compensated by zero-padding operation in the red and green channels of object slices.Numerical reconstruction results show that the speckle noise and color-dispersion are well suppressed and that high-quality full-color holographic 3D imaging is feasible.The method is useful for improving the 3D image quality in holographic displays with pixelated phase-type spatial light modulators (SLMs).     

基于相机阵列的光学组件缺陷在线检测方法

利用调焦方式可以实现焦距的连续变化从而对不同物距下的光学组件进行在线检测,但是调焦过程操作复杂且对调焦位移精度要求较高,景深内光学元件缺陷无法区分,难以实现真正意义上的在线检测。因此,本文提出了基于相机阵列的光学组件缺陷在线检测方法。首先建立了相机阵列的成像模型并给出了数字重聚焦表达式以及空间分辨率的表达式。接着利用MATLAB模拟相机阵列成像过程和数字重聚焦过程。最后进行实验验证,通过二维位移台带动相机对不同物距下的多个光学元件表面缺陷进行成像获得阵列相机图像,通过数字重聚焦算法得到不同物距下的光学元件表面缺陷分布信息。实验结果表明,基于相机阵列的光学组件缺陷在线检测技术能够同时对位于景深范围内的光学组件进行在线检测。该方法在光学元件缺陷在线检测方面有着一定的应用价值。     

基于光电检测技术的交联聚乙烯电缆料纯净度测量技术

针对交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘料纯净度检测的问题,研制了基于线阵CCD技术的高速扫描测量系统.该系统在平行光的照射下,通过线阵CCD控制电路获得电缆材料缺陷信号,使用虚拟示波器DSO-2902对缺陷信号进行采集、传输,借助于计算机进行分析处理,从而精准地检测出缺陷.由数据采集系统对计算机内的信号数据进行处理,在保留杂质信息的前提下大幅度减少了待处理数据,从而实现对缺陷具体尺寸和所处位置的检测.结果表明,该系统能够准确地测出交联聚乙烯的杂质颗粒的横向与纵向尺寸,并能够确定该杂质颗粒所处的准确位置与杂质颗粒的个数等特性,其分辨力可达到20μm,误差小于5%,杂质的检出率达100%.     

Absolute peak slope time based thickness measurement using pulsed thermography

Several methods have been reported in the literature using pulsed thermography for quantitative measurement of defect depth or sample thickness. In this paper, based on the analysis of a theoretical one-dimensional solution of pulsed thermography, we proposed to use the absolute peak slope time (APST) for quantitative measurement of defect depth. APST is the peak slope time of the curve which is obtained by multiplying the original temperature decay with the square root of the corresponding time. The theoretical model shows that APST has linear relation with square of defect depth, which was verified with the experimental results of an aluminum and a steel specimen with six flat-bottom wedges and holes as simulated defects respectively.