Xenon-ion Induced Magnetic and Structural Modifications of Ferromagnetic Alloys

Thin polycrystalline films of permalloy (Ni₇₉Fe₂₁) and permendur (Co₅₀Fe₅₀) have been irradiated with Xe-ions to fluences of 10¹⁴–10¹⁶ ions/cm². Ion-induced structural and magnetic modifications have been measured by grazing angle X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering and magneto-optical Kerr effect. In the case of permendur, the Xe-ion implantation first reduced the coercivity, because of stress relaxation, while higher ion fluences increased the coercivity due to pinning centers generated in the film. The ion irradiation aligned the in-plane easy axis of the magnetization along the direction of the external magnetic field during implantation. Phase shifts obtained from magnetic force microscopy confirmed these modifications. The effects of Xe-ion irradiation in permalloy films are much weaker and underline the importance of magnetostriction in the variation of the coercivity and anisotropy.     

Heating of Low-Density Matter by Soft X-Ray Radiation and Radiation Waves

We investigate the nonlinear radiative thermal conductivity model, which is theoretically well substantiated and based on a small number of assumptions. We consider the spatial and temporal evolutions for a low-density polymer foam heated by radiation waves taking into account the dependence of the absorption coefficients on the quantum energy. The form of the radiation wavefront (its slope and speed of propagation) differs from the classical form by a low-temperature “tongue” penetrating deep into the plasma. The plasma in this segment of the wavefront is heated up to a temperature of 1–2 eV by photons in the hard part of the spectrum, with energies for which hν/kT?>?4. We simulate numerically the experiments at the PHELIX facility to heat a low-density cellulose triacetate (TAC, C₁₂H₁₆O₈) taking into account the radiation transfer. The energy and the spectral flux of radiation that passed through the TAC layer are satisfactorily consistent with the experimental results.     

Investigation of the Europium Emission Spectra of the Europium-Oxytetracycline Complex in the Presence of Human Low-Density Lipoproteins

Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), often known as “bad cholesterol” is one of the responsible to increase the risk of coronary arterial diseases. For this reason, the cholesterol present in the LDL particle has become one of the main parameters to be quantified in routine clinical diagnosis. A number of tools are available to assess LDL particles and estimate the cholesterol concentration in the blood. The most common methods to quantify the LDL in the plasma are the density gradient ultracentrifugation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). However, these techniques require special equipments and can take a long time to provide the results. In this paper, we report on the increase of the Europium emission in Europium-oxytetracycline complex aqueous solutions in the presence of LDL. This increase is proportional to the LDL concentration in the solution. This phenomenum can be used to develop a method to quantify the number of LDL particles in a sample. A comparison between the performances of the oxytetracycline and the tetracycline in the complexes is also made.     

Optical and Structural Modifications in Heavy Ion Irradiated Polystyrene

Samples of polystyrene (PS) have been irradiated with ⁶⁴Cu (50 and 120 MeV) and ¹²C (70 MeV) ion beams (fluence=10¹¹ to 10¹³ ions cm^?2) in order to study the induced modifications using UV‐VIS and FTIR spectroscopy. UV spectra of irradiated samples reveal that the optical band gap decreases from 4.36 to 1.46 eV in PS. The decrease in optical band gap is more pronounced with the Cu‐ion beam due to high electronic energy loss as compared to the C ion beam. The effect of low energy (50 MeV) Cu ions on the optical properties of PS is larger than that due to high energy (120 MeV) Cu ions. The correlation between the optical band gap and the number of six member carbon rings inside the largest carbon clusters embedded in the network of polystyrene is discussed. FTIR spectra reveal the formation of hydroxyl, alkene, and alkyne groups in the Cu‐ion irradiated PS. Changes in the intensity of the absorption bands on irradiation with C‐ion relative to pristine samples have also been observed and are discussed.     

Modifications Induced by UV-Vis Irradiation on DNA Extract of Kiwifruit Investigated by Spectroscopic and Statistic Methods

ABSTRACT

Revealing molecular alterations induced on kiwifruit under UV-Vis irradiation requires a discussion of biochemical-cell infrared (IR) fingerprint (900 cm^?1–1800 cm^?1) bands characteristic of nucleic acids. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and statistics and nondestructive methods for screening exposure effects induced by irradiation were used. There the irradiation influence on the main molecular bonds (i.e., ν(C-C), ν_s(PO₂?) and ν_as(PO₂?)) can be observed. Regression methods were used for statistical investigations. Two categories of variables were used: the absorbance measured at fixed wavenumber variables and the exposure dose. The bivariate correlations, partial correlations, and polynomial regression methods from SPSS were used for statistical investigations. The obtained results show that FTIR-ATR, in correlation with statistics techniques, might be useful to assess immediate radiation and oxidative-induced damage to nucleic acids. In this case IR spectroscopy can be used successfully to study conformational changes during DNA reversible denaturation especially on the sugar-phosphate vibrations domain.     

Swift Heavy Ion Irradiated Low-Density Polyethylene: Structural and Optical Investigations

Abstract

The structural and optical effects of copper (50?MeV) and carbon (70?MeV) ion irradiation of low density polyethylene (LDPE) are described. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques were used to explore the structural behavior, while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopies were used to collect the optical data. Structural parameters, such as interplanar separation, distortion factor, crystallite size and degree of crystallinity, were measured to understand the change in the structural behavior of LDPE caused by the swift heavy ion irradiation. In the irradiated polymeric samples, the formation and growth of new carbon enriched species were revealed by the FTIR and UV-visible analysis, which led to the decrease of their optical bandgap energy with the increase of ion fluence.     

激光诱导击穿光谱检测水溶液中的Cr

利用激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)对溶液中的重金属元素Cr进行分析,开发一种快速、实时、在线的原位检测技术。采用1064nm的Nd∶YAG脉冲激光发生器作为光源,在相同的实验条件下,对配制的5种浓度的K2Cr2O7溶液进行击穿以产生等离子体,选取Cr的425.43nm线作为特征谱线,利用光谱仪自带的CCD探测器对谱线的LIBS信号进行收集,获得了5种浓度下Cr元素的光谱强度,建立了Cr元素谱线强度与其浓度拟合曲线。结果表明,溶液中Cr元素的浓度与其LIBS谱线强度有很好的线性关系,线性拟合决定系数达到0.9822。实验所得的结果为LIBS技术探测水质中的微量有毒金属元素提供了可行性,同时也为LIBS技术检测水质中金属元素含量提供了依据。     

激光诱导击穿光谱用于NaCl溶液中Na元素含量分析

为了研究Na元素在水中的检测灵敏度,采用激光诱导击穿光谱检测NaCl溶液中的Na元素。选择NaⅠ589.0 nm和NaⅠ589.6 nm作为分析谱线,利用配置的六种浓度的NaCl溶液,采用外标法、内标法以及小波变换降噪法,给出了NaCl溶液中Na元素的定标曲线。发现通过内标法获得的定标曲线的线性相关系数r达到0.998,优于外标法（r=0.985）,并且优于小波降噪后外标法（r=0.986）。相对外标法而言,小波变换降噪法有效降低了LIBS光谱中的连续背景光谱噪声,使LIBS的RSD从5.68%降至1.61%,从而使LOD值从50.8 μg·mL-1降至19.54 μg·mL-1, 内标法选择NaⅠ589.0 nm和NaⅠ589.6 nm钠原子谱线与内标参考谱线HⅠ656.2 nm氢原子谱线强度比值能有效的克服实验条件波动带来的影响,因此,内标法给出的NaCl溶液中Na元素的定标曲线的线性相关系数最大。而对于小波变换降噪处理方法,能够有效的降低LIBS光谱的连续背景带来的噪声,但不能克服实验条件波动对LIBS光谱信息的影响,因此小波变化降噪方法能够提高LIBS的RSD,但对降噪处理后的外标法给出的定标曲线的线性相关系数的提高影响不大。说明内标法有效的提高了检测灵敏度,减弱了实验条件波动带来的影响,定标曲线具有更好的线性相关性。而小波变换降噪处理后有效降低了LIBS光谱中的连续背景光谱噪声,实现LIBS检测限变低。谱线NaⅠ589.0 nm为分析谱线得到的RSD和LOD值小于以谱线NaⅠ589.6 nm为分析谱线的结果,NaⅠ589.0 nm和NaⅠ589.6 nm这两谱线的上能级分别为2.104和2.102 eV, 发现分析谱线的上能级对NaCl溶液中的Na元素的RSD和LOD值有影响,存在上能级大,而RSD和LOD值较小的现象。研究结果表明,LIBS技术可以实现溶液中元素的原位实时检测,并在水污染检测方面受到广泛关注。     

水溶液中DNA紫外辐射损伤的分子机制研究

以激光喇曼光谱分析技术,对不同紫外辐射时间条件下ＤＮＡ在水溶液中产生的损伤状况进行研究,结果表明,体外条件下单纯ＤＮＡ水溶液中由紫外辐射直接造成Ｃ→Ｔ的可能性（具体反映在Ｃ→Ｕ这一过程中）是不存在的。胞嘧啶有Ｃ４原子处氨基减少可能,但并无假设衍生形成的尿嘧啶的Ｃ４Ｏ增色表现,不支持胞嘧啶脱氨基直接转变为酮式（成为尿嘧啶）的模型。胞嘧喧Ｎ４Ｈ变形振动的减色似可能证明胞嘧啶的亚氨基化,６１６ｃｍ＾－１     

水溶液中金属元素的激光诱导击穿光谱的检测分析

文章对竖直流动的CuSO₄和Pb(NO₃)₂水溶液样品表面的激光诱导击穿光谱的（简称LIBS）特性进行了观测分析。实验中采用的烧蚀激光波长为532 nm,脉冲宽度为10 ns,重复频率为10 Hz;LIBS信号的探测通过一色散相加型双光栅单色仪、Boxcar和PMT的组合来完成。通过对水溶液中金属元素的LIBS信号随时间和能量演化规律的分析,初步确定了系统 的最佳烧蚀能量和最佳探测延时。受样品表面附近空气击穿时氧元素信号的影响,实验对Cu和Pb各自的击穿位置进行了优化。在分析影响LIBS光谱探测因素的基础上,进一步优化了系统的工作条件和探测 参数。通过对不同浓度下LIBS信号的探测分析,初步确定了系统对Cu与Pb的最低检测浓度,分别约为31,50 ppm(μg·mL-1)。文章还对将LIBS技术运用到海水中重金属的实时在线检测的可 行性进行了讨论。     

Solution Grafting of Maleic Anhydride on Low-Density Polyethylene: Effect on Crystallization Behavior

Maleic anhydride (MAH) was grafted onto low-density polyethylene (LDPE) by a solution approach with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as initiator and xylene as solvent. The effects of various experimental conditions on the grafting degree (GD, wt%), such as DCP concentration (A), MAH concentration (B), reaction time (C), reaction temperature (D) and the time for initiator addition (E), were investigated by an orthogonal experiment. The results demonstrated that the DCP concentration had the greatest influence on GD, while the reaction temperature had a minimal influence on GD. A copolymer with high GD (up to 4%) was obtained under the optimum conditions. It was proven that MAH was grafted onto the LDPE successfully by FT-IR. The crystallization behavior of the grafted LDPE was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the crystallization kinetic parameters of the grafted LDPE were obtained. Compounds of paraffin and grafted LDPE were investigated by XRD. The results demonstrated that a small amount of LDPE-g-MAH could affect the crystallization behavior of paraffin. This suggested that the grafted LDPE has a potential application as a pour point depressant (PPD) for heavy oil.     

FTIR法研究自由电子激光作用下邻氨基苯甲酸类分子的结构变化

自由电子激光（FEL）可以输出中红外激光（波长6-16μm，波数1660-630cm^-1），由于FEL提供的能量与分子的振动能级相当，所以可用于探讨与物质相互作用时的能量转换机理；其次FEL的波长在一定范围内能够连续调节，可以用来研究化学键的变化，即FEL诱导的分子结构变化，基于红外和拉曼光谱是分子结构变化的灵敏探针，我们比较了FEL照射前后苯甲酸及邻氨基苯甲酸的FTIR变化，发现N-H和C=O的伸缩振动峰经FEL照射后发生了位移，表明FEL诱导有机分子引发COOH和NH2之间氢键的重排，初步认为这是由于分子中存在稳态和亚稳态结构，进一步的解释将涉及到多光子传递以及非线性光学。     

Structural Transformations in Fe/Zr Bi- and Multilayers Induced by Ion-Beam Mixing

The Ar-ion-beam mixing of Fe/Zr bi- and multilayers is studied by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy as a function of ion dose ranging from 1×10¹⁴ to 1×10¹⁷ at./cm². The mixing leads to amorphization of the Fe/Zr system. It was shown that the mixing process in bilayers depends strongly on the thickness of the Zr substrate. The amorphization is much more effective and occurs at lower ion doses in multilayers as compared to corresponding bilayers.     

Changes in Structural and Optical Properties of Polycarbonate Induced by Ag+ Ion Implantation

Transparent polycarbonate samples were implanted with 1 MeV Ag⁺ ions to various doses ranging from 5 × 10¹⁴ to 3 × 10¹⁶ ions cm^?2 with a beam current density of 900 nA cm^?2. Modification in the structure of polycarbonate as a function of the implantation fluence was investigated using micro-Raman spectroscopy, glancing angle X-ray diffraction, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Raman spectroscopy pointed toward the formation of graphite structures/clusters due to the ion implantation. UV-Vis absorption analysis suggests the formation of a carbonaceous layer and a drastic decrease in optical band gap from 4.12 eV to 0.50 eV at an implanted dose of 3 × 10¹⁶ ions cm^?2. The correlation between the decrease in band gap and the structural changes is discussed.     

不同宽度脉冲激光对白宝石损伤的结构特征

研究了白宝石（〈0001〉切割）晶体在800nm ns、ps和fs激光脉冲作用下的损伤形态.实验发现,在纳秒脉冲作用下,损伤外型与晶体的结构参量一致,呈“米”字形;在皮秒激光脉冲作用下,损伤外型呈“十”字形;而在飞秒激光脉冲作用下,损伤外形呈“一”字形;说明白宝石晶体结构损伤与应力作用下晶体缺陷的择优取向有关.     

Electric Polarization in YCrO3 Induced by Restricted Polar Domains of Magnetic and Structural Natures

Physics of the Solid State - The electric polarization induced by local polar domains of two types (phase separation domains of magnetic nature and structure-distorted domains) has been observed in...     

CuSO_4溶液中Cu元素浓度的激光诱导击穿光谱测量研究

利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对CuSO4溶液中的Cu元素浓度进行实验测量。利用配置的七种浓度的CuSO4溶液,采用统计探索性数据分析方法给出了Cu元素定标曲线,其拟合度系数R2大于0.98,激光诱导击穿光谱的平均相对偏差值为6.9%,Cu元素的平均最小检测限为12ppm。利用去一交互检验方法采用分析谱线CuⅠ324.75nm和CuⅠ327.40nm对应的七种溶液的平均测量相对误差分别为6.52%和5.86%。当Cu元素浓度在10ppm时实验相对误差较大,其值为10.3%,而浓度达到2 000ppm时相对误差值减小,仅为1.1%,说明LIBS技术在溶液较低元素浓度检测方面的准确度有待提高。研究结果表明激光诱导击穿光谱技术在环境水污染重金属元素检测方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

Laser Ablation of Metals by Low-Density Picosecond Pulses

Thresholds of laser ablation ofmetals for the picosecond range of laser pulse duration are determined. Within the two-temperature metal model, the space-time dependences of the electron and lattice temperature are obtained. It is shown that ablation parameters become dependent on the pulse duration at the pulse duration τ _p ≥ τ _ie , where τ _ie is the cooling time of the electron gas. For noble metals, such pulse durations are τ _p ≈ 3 ? 10 ps.     

Laser Induced Lowest Triplet State Properties of Dibenzothiophene in Solution

Laser induced triplet state lifetimes are measured in the presence of air and for oxygen, air, argon saturated, and vacuum degassed solution of dibenzothiophene in solution at room temperature by triplet decay, including the prompt and p-type delayed fluorescence. The results are discussed and compared to those of molecules with the same symmetry.