First-principle study on the electronic structure of stressed CrSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The electronic structure of stressed CrSi₂ was calculated using the first-principle methods based on plane-wave pseudo-potential theory. The calculated results showed that, under the uniaxial compression, the energy level of CrSi₂ shifted toward high energy and its energy gap became wider with the increasing uniaxial stress, while the gap became narrower under the negative uniaxial stress. When the negative uniaxial stress was up to −18.5 GPa, CrSi₂ was converted into a direct-gap semiconductor with the band gap of 0.32 eV. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60566001), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20050657003), the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. (2005)383), the Program for the Excellent Young Talents of Guizhou Province (Grant No. 20050528), the Specialized Nomarch Research Fund for the Excellent Science and Technology and Education Talent’s Projects of Guizhou Province, Scientific and Technological Projects for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, the Guizhou Province (Grant No. (2004)03), and the Top Talent’s Scientific Research Project of Organization Department of Guizhou Province     

First-principles calculations on the electronic structure and optical properties of BaSi<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The electronic structure, densities of states and optical properties of the stable orthorhombic BaSi₂ have been calculated using the first-principle density function theory and pseudopotential method. The results show that BaSi₂ is an indirect semiconductor with the band gap of 1.086 eV, the valence bands of BaSi₂ are mainly composed of Si 3p, 3s and Ba 5d, and the conduction bands are mainly composed of Ba 6s, 5d as well as Si 3p. The static dielectric function ɛ ₁(0) is 11.17, the reflectivity n ₀ is 3.35, and the biggest peak of the absorption coefficient is 2.15×10₅ cm⁻¹. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60566001 and 60766002), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20050657003), the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. (2005)383), the Specialized Fund of Nomarch for Excellent Talent of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province (Grant No. Z053114), the Scientific and Technological Projects for the Returned Overseas of Guizhou Province (Grant No. (2004)03), and the Top Talent’s Scientific Research Project of Organization Department of Guizhou Province (Grant No. Z053123)     

Exact Analytical Solution to Equations of Perihelion Advance in General Relativity

Previously the perihelion advance in binary system was computed approximately. We will present an exact analytical solution to nonlinear differential equation of perihelion advance by method of Jacobian elliptic function and the advanced angle between successive perihelions. Project supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars from Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. [2004]527) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (Grant No. 06JJ2026)     

Investigation of thermoluminescence in Li<Subscript>2</Subscript>B<Subscript>4</Subscript>O<Subscript>7</Subscript> phosphors doped with Cu,Ag and Mg

Li2B4O7 (LBO)Cu,Ag,Mg phosphors have been prepared by the sintering technique.The roles of the Ag and Mg dopants in the phosphors have been studied using the methods of thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves and TL 3D spectra. The results indicated that proper concentrations of Ag and Mg can enhance the TL of LBOCu.It was also indicated that the intensity of TL peak at ～130℃ is reduced with the increasing Ag concentration, and enhanced with the increasing Mg concentration.From the TL 3D spectra, three emission bands (λ1 = 421 nm,λ2 = 380 nm, λ3 = 350nm) were observed the intensity of low energy emission band is reduced and that of the high energy is enhanced with the increasing dopant Ag; on the contrary, the intensity of low energy emission band is enhanced and that of the high energy one is reduced with the increasing dopant Mg.     

δ/γ transformation in non-equilibrium solidified peritectic Fe-Ni alloy

Through phase transformation kinetic analysis and experimental observation, the δ/γ transformation occurring in the non-equilibrium peritectic Fe-4.33at.%Ni alloys was systematically investigated. According to JMA solid-state transformation kinetic theory, the Time-Temperature-Transformation (TTT) curves of the δ/γ transformation in peritectic Fe-Ni alloy were calculated. On this basis, the physical correlation between the δ/γ transformation and the initial undercooling of melt (△T) was elucidated. The results indicate that the change of △T can alter not only the overall δ/γ transformation pathways but also the transformation fraction with respect to each transformation mechanism.     

Synthesis and magnetic properties of CdS/α-Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> hierarchical nanostructures

CdS/α-Fe₂O₃ hierarchical nanostructures, where the CdS nanorods grow irregularly on the side surface of α-Fe₂O₃ nanorods, were synthesized via a three-step process. The diameters and lengths of CdS nanorods can be tuned by changing the ethylenediamine (EDA) and Cd ion concentrations. The magnetic investigations by superconducting quantum interference device indicate that the hierarchical nanostructures have an Morin transition at lower temperature (230 K) than that of the single bulk α-Fe₂O₃ materials (263 K). Importantly, the hierarchical nanostructures exhibit weakly ferromagnetic characteristics at 300 K. A sharp peak assigned to the surface trap induced emission are observed in room temperature PL spectra. Combining with the optoelectronic properties of CdS, the CdS/α-Fe₂O₃ hierarchical nanostructures may be used as multi-functional materials for optoelectronic and magnetic devices. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50772025 and 50872159), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2008DFR20420), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 20060400042 and 200801044), the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, China (Grant No. F200828), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20070217002), and the Innovation Foundation of Harbin City (Grant No. RC2006QN017016)     

Approximate homotopy symmetry method: Homotopy series solutions to the sixth-order Boussinesq equation

An approximate homotopy symmetry method for nonlinear problems is proposed and applied to the sixth-order Boussinesq equation,which arises from fluid dynamics.We summarize the general formulas for similarity reduction solutions and similarity reduction equations of different orders,educing the related homotopy series solutions.Zero-order similarity reduction equations are equivalent to the Painlevé IV type equation or Weierstrass elliptic equation.Higher order similarity solutions can be obtained by solving...     

The fluidity and molding ability of glass-forming Zr-based alloy melt

The fluidity and filling ability of glass-forming Zr-based alloy melt in copper mould were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The major factors which affected the flowing behavior of the metallic melt in the mold were determined, which provides the foundation for overcoming the contradiction between the filling and formation of amorphous alloy during the rapid cooling process of the metallic melts. The casting factors to prepare a metallic ring were discussed and selected. As a result, a Zr-based bulk metallic glass ring was prepared successfully. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50731005), SKPBRC (Grant No. 2006CB605201/2007CB616915), PCSIRT (Grant No. IRT0650), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China (Grant No. E2004000209), the Scientific Research Foundation of Education Department of Hebei Province of China (Grant No. 2004464), and the Experts and Scholars Fund of Personnel Department of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. 2003)     

Calculation of transient dynamic stress intensity factors at bimaterial interface cracks using a SBFEM-based frequency-domain approach

A frequency-domain approach based on the semi-analytical scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) was developed to calculate dynamic stress intensity factors (DSIFs) at bimaterial interface cracks subjected to transient loading. Because the stress solutions of the SBFEM in the frequency domain are analytical in the radial direction, and the complex stress singularity at the bimaterial interface crack tip is explicitly represented in the stress solutions, the mixed-mode DSIFs were calculated directly by definition. The complex frequency-response functions of DSIFs were then used by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and the inverse FFT to calculate time histories of DSIFs. A benchmark example was modelled. Good results were obtained by modelling the example with a small number of degrees of freedom due to the semi-analytical nature of the SBFEM. Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. J20050924) and the Australian Research Council Discovery Project (Grant No. DP0452681)     

The growth temperatures dependence of optical and electrical properties of InN films

InN films grown on sapphire at different substrate temperatures from 550°C to 700°C by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated. The low-temperature GaN nucleation layer with high-temperature annealing (1100°C) was used as a buffer for main InN layer growth. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements reveal that the quality of InN films can be improved by increasing the growth temperature to 600°C. Further high substrate temperatures may promote the thermal decomposition of InN films and result in poor crystallinity and surface morphology. The photoluminescence and Hall measurements were employed to characterize the optical and electrical properties of InN films, which also indicates strong growth temperature dependence. The InN films grown at temperature of 600°C show not only a high mobility with low carrier concentration, but also a strong infrared emission band located around 0.7 eV. For a 600 nm thick InN film grown at 600°C, the Hall mobility achieves up to 938 cm²/Vs with electron concentration of 3.9 × 10¹⁸ cm⁻³. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB6049), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 6039072, 60476030 and 60421003), the Great Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 10416), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20050284004), and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (Grant Nos. BK2005210 and BK2006126)     

Recursive formulations for the method of reverberation-ray matrix and the application

A recursive formulation is proposed for the method of reverberation-ray matrix (MRRM) to exactly analyze the free vibration of a multi-span continuous rectangular Kirchhoff plate, which has two opposite simply-supported edges. In contrast to the traditional MRRM, numerical stability is achieved by using the present new formulation for high-order frequencies or/and for plates with large span-to-width ratios. The heavy computational cost of storage and memory are also cut down. An improved recursive formulation is further proposed by modifying the iterative formula to reduce the matrix inversion operations. Numerical examples are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed recursive formulae. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10725210, 10832009, and 10432030), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB623204), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 20060335107), and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-05-0510)     

Correlation between superheated liquid fragility and potential energy landscape in Gd-and Pr-based glass-forming alloys

The kinetic viscosities of superheated liquids on the Gd-based bulk glass-forming alloys are measured by an oscillating viscometer in a high vacuum atmosphere. According to the viscosity data, the parameters of superheated liquid fragility, M, are calculated. Based on the values of M in Gd-and Pr-based (cited from the literature) glass-forming alloys, we find that there is a linear correlation between M and the absolute value of mixing enthalpy, |ΔH _mix|, in an alloy system with the same base element, and the larger M, the smaller |ΔH _mix|. The alloy with larger M exhibits the larger height of energy barriers separating the minima on the potential energy landscape. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2007CB613901), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50231040), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (Grant No. Z2004F02), and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20050422024)     

The influence of impurity on the critical thickness of the CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> buffer layer for coated conductors

The lattice parameters, band structure, density of state and elastic constant of RE-doped CeO₂ (RE=Sm, Gd, Dy), the buffer material for coated HTS conductors, are calculated using the plane-wave method with pseudopotentials based on the density functional theory (DFT) of first-principle. The rule and mechanism of the effect of rare earth impurity on the critical thickness of the CeO₂ buffer layer are investigated. It is found that, in the range of the calculation, the changes of the lattice volume V and elastic constant E* of CeO₂ with the impurity are mainly determined by the increased electrons δn _e of the system. The relationship of the elastic constant E* and increased electrons δn _e is established. It is indicated that the critical thickness of the CeO₂ single buffer layer doped with Sm, Gd, and Dy may be enhanced by 22%, 43% and 33%, respectively. Supported by the Youth Scientific Research Project of Southwest Jiaotong University (Grant No. 2007Q017), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50588201), and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2007CB616906)     

Bang-bang control suppression of amplitude damping in a three-level atom

By using quantum bang-bang control technique, we studied the suppression of amplitude damping, or energy dissipation, in a three-level atom in various configurations. We have explicitly given the bang-bang control groups in three different configurations, and the pulse sequences for these bang-bang control operations. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10547003), the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 306020) and Chifeng College Scientific Research Fund (Grant No. ZRZD200604)     

Factors affecting the superconductivity in the process of depositing Nd1.85Ce0.15CuO4-δ by the pulsed electron deposition technique

On SrTiO₃ single crystal substrate, by using the pulsed electron deposition technique, the high-quality electron doped Nd_1.85Ce_0.15CuO_4−δ superconducting film was successfully fabricated. After careful study on the R-T curves of the obtained samples deposited with different substrate temperatures, thicknesses, annealing methods and pulse frequencies, the effects of them on the superconductivity of the films were found, and the reasons were also analyzed. Additionally, by using the same model of the pulsed laser deposition technique, the relation between the target-to-substrate distance and the deposition pressure was drawn out as a quantitative one. Supported by the Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. Z605131), the ‘100 Talents Project’ of Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Creative Research Group of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60321001) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60571029)     

Analysis of Elliptical Thin Ridged Waveguide

Elliptical waveguides and ridged waveguides have found broad applications in many microwave structures. The elliptical waveguide with double infinite thin ridges has been formulated using the mode-matching method. Exact closed-form expressions for eigenvalue problem of all TE and TM modes are presented. Numerical results suggest that the elliptical ridged waveguides have larger bandwidth than that of circular ones. Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 60532010, and in part by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars under Grant 04LXJ01.     

Up-conversion emissions of Er<Superscript>3+</Superscript>-Yb<Superscript>3+</Superscript> codoped Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> nanoparticles by the arc discharge synthesis method

The Er³⁺-Yb³⁺ codoped Al₂O₃ nanoparticles with an average particle size of about 50 nm have been synthesized by an arc discharge synthesis method. The green and red up-conversion emissions centered at about 526, 547 and 677 nm, corresponding respectively to the ²H_11/2→⁴I_15/2, ⁴S_3/2→⁴I_15/2 and ⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2 transitions of Er³⁺, were detected by a 978-nm semiconductor laser diode excitation. The Annealing has evident effect on the up-conversion emissions of the samples: The red up-conversion emission is noticeable before annealing; however, the green up-conversion emission becomes predominant after annealing. The mixture of (Er,Yb)₃Al₅O₁₂ and α-(Al,Er,Yb)₂O₃ phases is more favorable for green up-conversion emissions due to an enhancement of the ESA (I) of ⁴I_11/2+a photon→⁴F_7/2 and ET (III) of ²F_5/2(Yb³⁺)+⁴I_11/2(Er³⁺)→²F_7/2(Yb³⁺)+⁴F_7/2(Er³⁺) processes. The two-photon absorption up-conversion process is involved in the green and red up-conversion emissions. The results have proved that arc discharge synthesis is a new promising preparation technology for optical materials. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10804015), the Scientific Research Foundation for Doctor of Liaoning Province (Grant No. 20071095), and the Educational Committee Foundation of Liaoning Province (Grant No. 2008123)     

Coupling-induced excitation of a forbidden surface plasmon mode of a gold nanorod

Using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, we simulate the coupling between a gold nanorod and gold nanoparticles with different plasmonic resonant frequencies/volumes as well as that between the nanorod and a dielectric nanosphere. The influences of coupling with different nanoparticles on the excitation of a forbidden longitudinal surface plasmon mode of the nanorod under normal incidence are investigated. It is found that the cause of this excitation is the broken symmetry of the local electric field experienced by the nanorod resulting from the charge pileup on the other nanoparticle. This result is valuable for understanding the near-field optical characterization of plasmonic metal nanoparticles. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10821062 and 10804004), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB307001), and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 200800011023) Contributed by GONG QiHuang     

Global Existence Proof for Relativistic Boltzmann Equation with Hard Interactions

By combining the DiPerna and Lions techniques for the nonrelativistic Boltzmann equation and the Dudyński and Ekiel-Jeżewska device of the causality of the relativistic Boltzmann equation, it is shown that there exists a global mild solution to the Cauchy problem for the relativistic Boltzmann equation with the assumptions of the relativistic scattering cross section including some relativistic hard interactions and the initial data satisfying finite mass, energy and entropy. This is in fact an extension of the result of Dudyński and Ekiel-Jeżewska to the case of the relativistic Boltzmann equation with hard interactions. This work was supported by NSFC 10271121 and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, the Ministry of Education of China, and sponsored by joint grants of NSFC 10511120278/10611120371 and RFBR 04-02-39026.     

Multiparty simultaneous quantum identity authentication with secret sharing

Two multiparty simultaneous quantum identity authentication (MSQIA) protocols based on secret sharing are presented. All the users can be authenticated by a trusted third party (TTP) simultaneously. In the first protocol, the TTP shares a random key K with all the users using quantum secret sharing. The ith share acts as the authentication key of the ith user. When it is necessary to perform MSQIA, the TTP generates a random number R secretly and sends a sequence of single photons encoded with K and R to all the users. According to his share, each user performs the corresponding unitary operations on the single photon sequence sequentially. At last, the TTP can judge whether the impersonator exists. The second protocol is a modified version with a circular structure. The two protocols can be efficiently used for MSQIA in a network. They are feasible with current technology. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2007CB311100), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006AA01Z419 and 20060101Z4015), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90604023), the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No. KM200810005004), the Scientific Research Foundation for the Youth of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No. 97007016200701), the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20040013007), the National Laboratory for Modern Communications Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 9140C1101010601), and the Doctor Scientific Research Activation Foundation of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No. 52007016200702)