秦始皇陵二号坑兵马俑原料产地的中子活化分析

选取19个秦始皇陵二号坑兵马俑样品和20个秦陵附近粘土样品,进行中子活化分析(NAA),测定每个样品中32种元素的含量,并将NAA数据进行模糊聚类分析,得到动态聚类分析图.结果表明,二号坑兵马俑样品与秦陵附近粘土样品关系密切,二号坑兵马俑的原料产地及烧制窑址可能在秦陵附近.另外,还初步研究了秦陵封土、二号坑的夯土、回填土与秦陵附近粘土的关系. 32 trace element contents in each sample are measured by neutron activation analysis for the selected that 19 samples of terracotta warriors and horses from No.2 pit of Emperor Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum, 20 samples clay nearby Qin s Mausoleum and 2 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies. The trend cluster analysis diagram is obtained after sortting the data. The results show that the samples from the No.2 pit of Emperor Qin Shihuang s Mausoleum have a close relationship with the clay ..     

中子活化分析实验

本文给出一个关于中子活化分析的简易的实验方法。     

中子活化分析原理及应用简介

介绍了中子活化分析的基本原理,详细给出中子活化方程的推导过程．概述其主要特点．通过实例对其应用进行了说明。     

中子活化分析与地球灾变研究

你知道８０年代世界科学技术获得重大进展的十大新闻吗？用本文介绍的中子活化分析法发现了距今６５００万年前，白垩纪／第三纪（Ｋ／Ｔ）界线层中铱异常的富集，并由此提出地外物质撞击地球造成恐龙灭绝的灾变理论就是其中之一．     

黄土高原土壤中微量元素的中子活化分析

利用中子活化、多道γ能谱仪测定了黄土高原土壤中３２个微量元素含量。结果表明,黄土高原表层土壤元素含量和母质接近,反映了黄土高原独特的成土特点;黄土高原土壤元素平均含量全国土壤平均含量相比也接近似,表明了黄土牡为源的广域特征,分析结果证明了中子活化分析技术为黄土高原土壤元素地球化学研究提供了可靠的分析手段。     

中子活化分析在古陶瓷原料产地研究中的应用

介绍了用中子活化分析方法测量古陶瓷和仿古陶瓷中的微量元素,通过对这些测量数据进行模糊聚类分析 ,可以确定这些古陶瓷和仿古陶瓷的材料来源 ,寻找提高仿古陶瓷质量的途径.Trace-elements in ancient ceramics and imitative ancient ceramics were determined by neutron activation analysis (NAA). The NAA data are then analyzed by fuzzy cluster method and the trend cluster diagram is obtained.The raw material sources of ancient ceramics and imitative ancient ceramics are determined. The path for improving quality of imitative ancient ceramics is found.     

中子俘获瞬发γ活化分析数据库

简要地介绍了热中子俘获瞬发γ射线数据的测量、评价、检验及其中子俘获瞬发γ射线活化分析数据库的研制、结构和基本数据内容等. The evaluation, measurement, and check of prompt γ-ray data for neutron capture are presented. The development of the database of prompt γ-ray activation analysis for neutron capture, and its structure and basical data are also described in the text.     

基于瞬发伽马中子活化分析技术的金属样品检测研究

在合金材料的生产过程中,不同金属元素的含量改变对产品的性能以及可靠性有重要的影响,通过在线检测技术能够对产品中不同元素含量进行实时分析,从而指导其工业生产过程,提高产品质量。目前常规的无损检测方法受限于分析深度,无法对样品内部成分进行分析,从而影响测量结果的准确性。瞬发伽马中子活化分析（PGNAA）技术是一种高灵敏度、多元素同时分析的无损检测技术,可以对大块样品进行快速分析。针对PGNAA技术在大体积金属样品检测的可行性进行研究,通过测量快中子与样品发生非弹性散射反应激发的伽马射线对样品成分进行分析。搭建了一套测量系统,包括D-T中子发生器,中子反射体,中子准直体,高纯锗（HPGe）探测器及探测器屏蔽防护。首先,对Fe,Ti,Cr,Ni和Cu等5种金属元素进行了分析研究。对不同质量下的样品进行测量,通过伽马能谱处理软件GAMMAFIT对HPGe探测器测量到的特征伽马峰进行拟合,获得全能峰的净面积。分析全能峰净面积与样品质量之间的响应,对探测器的探测效率变化造成的非线性响应进行修正,得到不同元素的校准曲线,结果显示各元素修正后的校准曲线均具有良好的线型关系。对不同元素的质量检测限进行分析,不同金属元素的质量检测限分别为Fe（44 g）,Ti（25 g）,Cr（33 g）,Ni（108 g）和Cu（72 g）。利用测量系统对不锈钢合金样品中的Fe和Cr元素含量测量开展了研究,通过测量标准样品建立了Fe和Cr元素的定标曲线,并对未知样品进行了测量分析。同时与X射线荧光光谱（XRF）测量结果进行了对比分析,结果表明两种方法的Fe元素和Cr元素测量值偏差分别为4.08%和2.97%。研究结果表明,利用PGNAA技术可以对多种金属元素和合金样品进行测量分析,为后续其他金属样品的检测奠定了研究基础。     

NAA and Mössbauer Study on the Colorative Mechanism of Yaozhou Celadon in Ancient China

The contents of 30 colorative elements in the glaze of Yaozhou celadon have been measured by neutron activation analysis (NAA) with the conclusion that iron is the dominant colorative element. It is further detected by Mössbauer spectroscopy that the iron in the glaze exists in the chemical state of structural iron (Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺) and that there is quantitative relation between the dominant wavelength of various colored glazes and the relative content of structural iron. Thus the colorative mechanism of Yaozhou celadon has been revealed entirely.     

用NAA研究清凉寺窑和张公巷窑青瓷胎的原料特征及来源

为研究清凉寺窑汝瓷胎和张公巷窑青瓷胎的原料特征及来源, 选取37个清凉寺窑汝瓷胎样品(32个汝官瓷胎和5个汝民瓷胎)、 32个张公巷窑青瓷胎样品以及14个岩石样品, 用中子活化分析 （NAA）方法测得每个样品中的23种元素含量; 使用散布分析及主成分分析方法处理NAA数据。 结果表明: 元素Fe, Ce, Ba, Ta, Th, La, Sm和Cr可作为区分汝官瓷胎和张公巷窑青瓷胎原料产地的指纹元素; 汝官瓷胎原料产地较集中, 来源相对稳定; 清凉寺窑汝民瓷胎料产地与汝官瓷基本相同, 均为就地取材; 张公巷窑青瓷胎原料产地较为分散, 与汝官瓷不同, 但二者距离相近。 关     

Mössbauer Spectroscopy, NAA and PIXE Study on Some Archeological Problems of Ancient Chinese Ru Celadon

By Mössbauer spectroscopy, NAA and optical spectroscopy, the coloring and the firing technology of ancient Ru celadon were studied. Also, the relationship between Ru Kuan celadon from Qingliang Temple and Ru celadon from Zhanggongxiang was studied by PIXE. The glaze color of Ru celadon depends on the ratio of the structural iron ions, i.e. the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio. Further, it depends on the firing conditions. As the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio gradually increases, the glaze color of Ru celadon will gradually change from pea green to sky green. All the Ru celadons were fired in a reducing atmosphere. The sky green Ru celadon was fired in the most reducing atmosphere and at the highest temperature, the powder green in a more reducing atmosphere and at a lower temperature and the pea green in a lightly reducing atmosphere and at the lowest temperature. The PIXE experimental results showed that Ru Kuan celadon from Qingliang Temple and Ru celadon from Zhanggongxiang were incompletely identical in the recipe of glaze and they could be differentiated by the cluster analysis of the major element concentration of glaze.     

用指纹元素散布分析研究古耀州瓷胎的起源

选取耀州窑瓷胎样品25个，唐三彩的胎3个，作坊匣钵料样品1个，耀州博物馆附近粘土矿样品4个．用中子活化分析测量样品中29种元素的含量，从这29种元素中挑选出8种指纹元素，将指纹元素的含量进行散布分析．结果表明，出自不同窑口的古耀州瓷的胎，有着长期稳定的、集中的原料产地．耀州窑唐三彩的胎料产地和耀州瓷胎的原料产地相同．25 samples of Yaozhou porcelain bodies, 3 samples of the tri-color pottery bodies during the Tang Dynasty, 1 samples of Saggar material during Song Dynasty and 4 samples of clay mineral taken from the place near Yaozhou Kiln Museum was selected . The technique of neutron activation analysis (NAA) has been employed to measure the content of 29 kinds of elements in the samples. 8 elements of them were selected as fingerprint elements to make scatter analysis.The conclusion is that the ancient Yaozhou por...     

可移动式中子监测隐性爆炸物系统的初步探索与研究

瞬发γ中子活化分析技术具有快速、原位、不需取样、准确、灵敏度高且能够实时多核素在线分析的特点,因此该技术是监测隐性爆炸物,尤其是非金属类爆炸物的最有效手段之一.在国内外有不少科技工作者对中子法监测隐性爆炸物技术进行了大量的研究,并取得了一定的成绩.主要对中子技术探测地雷和隐性爆炸物的各种方法和技术路线进行讨论,对同位素镅铍中子源和14 MeV脉冲中子管活化分析方法进行了初步探索研究,并对可移动式系统的源探的几何布置进行了探讨.Because it can on line analyze many elements quickly and precisely without sampling and movement, prompt gamma neutron activation analysis is one of the most effective methods to monitor latent dynamite especially nonmetal. Many researchers studied the neutron detecting latent dynamite technique and get some achievements. This paper mainly discussed each method and technology route of neutron detecting landmine and latent dynamite, studied the Am Be isotope neutron source and 14 MeV pulse neutron tube activation analysis, and analyzed the geometrical layout of movable system.     

Major,Minor, Trace Elements and Natural Radioactivity Content by NAA of Some Materials

By using 14 MeV neutron flux of 3.5 × 10¹⁰ n/cm² · s, the activities of the activated nuclides in both ferrosilicon alloy (from Kima-Aswan Company) and black sand samples (from the mouth of Damietta, North of Egyptian Delta), were measured. The rate dose of natural gamma-activities arising from Th-232 in the black sand area was calculated.     

陕西西岳庙古琉璃胎料来源的INAA研究及多元统计分析

用仪器中子活化分析研究了陕西立地坡明代地层和陕西西岳庙宋、元、明、清早期、清晚期4个地层出土的古琉璃胎中的主量和微量元素, 并对实验数据进行多元统计分析. 结果表明, 陕西西岳庙从宋到清早期古琉璃胎料很稳定, 其原料可能来自本地； 清晚期古琉璃胎料与宋到清早期的古琉璃之间存在明显的区别, 明代3个样品和清晚期的古琉璃制造原料与立地坡出土的古琉璃其成分相近, 西岳庙清晚期的古琉璃可能来自陕西立地坡窑烧制.     

微量元素示踪法在古代青铜器铜矿料来源研究中的应用

青铜模拟熔铸实验表明,利用ICP-AES法测定的青铜中亲铜元素的成分数据,通过聚类分析,可以较好地区分不同产地的铜矿料及其青铜产物。文章将这一方法具体应用于盘龙城商代遗址和鄂州出土青铜器的微量元素数据的分析,以考察其可行性和应用价值。多元统计分析结果显示：青铜模拟熔铸实验所得结论,亦可应用于盘龙城和鄂州青铜器铜矿料的区分,进一步验证了微量元素示踪古代青铜器铜矿料来源的可行性。