New derivatization method for determination of 3-chloro-4(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone in water

An extremely potent mutagen, 3-chloro-4(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) is commonly present in chlorinated drinking water. Due to its high mutagenic activity and according to World Health Organization guidelines its concentration should be controlled in drinking waters. Determination of MX is difficult due to ppt levels at which the compound usually exists in drinking waters. Derivatization of MX with 2-propanol is presented as a method which significantly lowers the GC–MS detection level compared to other alcohol derivatization agents.     

Convenient synthesis of 3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone glycoconjugates

3,4-Dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone treated with methyl chloroformate in the presence of diisopropylethylamine (Hünig's base) gave the corresponding carbonate. The labile methoxycarbonyloxy group smoothly undergoes substitution by amino alcohols. The obtained 5-(w-hydroxyalkylamino) mucochloric acid derivatives reacted with peracetylated glucals using triphenylphosphine hydrobromide as a catalyst to give the title muchloric acid glycoconjugates.     

氯化消毒副产物2-氯-5-酮-3-烯-己二酰氯的质谱分析

2－氯－4－（二氯甲基）－5－羟基－2（H）－呋喃酮（MX）是饮用水氯化消毒过程中产生的一种具有强致突变性的消毒副产物（DBPs)，在对MX的前驱物模拟氯化过程中，发现在MX峰的附近有一峰，有时干扰MX的测定；作者对该未知峰的质谱图进行了解析，初步推断其结构可能为2－氯－5－酮－3－烯－己二酰氯（2－chloro-5-oxo-3-hexene diacyl chloride,COHC).     

Structural diversity of interaction products of mucochloric acid and its derivatives with 1,2-ethanedithiol

The synthesis and characterization of previously unknown sulfur-containing products from the reaction of mucochloric acid (3,4-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone) and its 5-alkoxy derivatives with 1,2-ethanedithiol is reported. Under basic and acidic conditions both SH-groups of the reagent show nucleophilic activity, leading to the formation of substitution products of different structural types. Novel fused (7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro[1,4]dithiino[2,3-c]furan-5(7H)-one) and spiro (9-chloro-6-methoxy-7-oxa-1,4-dithiaspiro[4.4]nonan-8-one) bicyclic compounds, as well as various bis-thioethers have been obtained and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Electrochemical synthesis and studies of substituted 2-thiopyridines

A series of substituted 2-alkyl(aryl-, hetaryl-)thiopyridines was prepared by cathodic electrolysis of thiols in the presence of 2-chloro-3-cyano-4-methoxymethyl-6-methylpyridine or 4-chloro-6-methyl-3-oxo-1H-furo[3,4-c]pyridine. The reaction of 3-cyano-4-methoxymethyl-6-methyl-2(1H)-thiopyridone with alkyl halides in the presence of KOH is regioselective and leads toS-alkyl derivatives. The advantages of electrosynthesis for the preparation of 2-alkylthiopyridines fused with 2(5H)-furanone and of 3-aminothieno [2,3-b]pyridines is demonstrated.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2215–2219, December, 1994.     

5-(S)-孟氧基-3,4-二卤-2(5H)-呋喃酮与4-硝基邻苯二胺的Michael加成―消除反应

在Et3N作为碱的温和条件下,5-(S)-孟氧基-3,4-二卤-2(5H)-呋喃酮与芳香胺4-硝基邻苯二胺发生串联的Michael加成―消除反应,生成了新的含有苯环结构的5-孟氧基-4-氨基-3-卤-2(5H)-呋喃酮类化合物。新化合物的结构通过紫外―可见光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(IR)、质谱(MS)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)和元素分析等表征证实。该多环结构卤代2(5H)-呋喃酮化合物的合成,能为某些多官能团的结构复杂的2(5H)-呋喃酮化合物的合成提供新途径。     

Electrosynthesis of 3-chloro-1,4-disubstituted-2(1H)- quinolinones and 3,3-dichloro-4-hydroxy-1,4-disubstituted- 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinones,as well as a new convenient process to dioxindoles

Cathodic reduction of N-(2-acyl(or aroyl)phenyl)-2,2,2,-trichloro-N-alkylacetamide at -1.2 V (vs SCE) under aprotic conditions yields 3-chloro-1,4-disubstituted-2(1H)-quinolinones (1) as the major product. When the reaction is carried out at -0.8 V (vs SCE), 3,3-dichloro-4-hydroxy-1,4-disubstituted-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinones (2) and 1,4-disubstituted-1,4-dihydro-quinoline-2,3-dione (3) are formed. Ring contraction of 2 and 3 in aqueous sodium hydroxide resulted in the formation of 3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydroindol-2-ones (5). The most plausible reaction mechanisms are proposed.     

Analysis and some chemical properties of MX (3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone), the potent drinking water mutagen

Summary The solubility of the potent drinking water mutagen 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) in water (50.8, 44.7, 43.7, and 51.0 mg/ml at pH values 2, 5, 7, and 9, respectively) was only slightly dependent on pH, on the contrary to octanol/water partition (log P_ow 1.13, 0.84, –0.44, and –1.02 at pH 2, 5, 7, and 9, respectively). MX was stable in ethyl acetate and acidic water solutions. The recovery of MX during isolation from water or urine samples was about 100% but about 73–82% in the methylation process. The alternative isolation and derivatization methods tested for MX did not give better results.     

Synthesis and Properties of 7-Acetyl-8-aryl-9-cyano-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrido[2,1-<Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis>][1,3]thiazines

7-Acetyl-8-aryl-2-(1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-propyl)thio-9-cyano-6-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridines were obtained by treatment of 1,4-dihydropyridine-2(3H)-thiones with epichlorohydrin in the presence of sodium bicarbonate. When treated with NaOMe, these compounds are readily intramolecularly alkylated with formation of 7-acetyl-8-aryl-3-hydroxy-9-cyano-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrido[2,1-b]-[1,3]thiazines. We have studied amination of 2-(1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-propyl)thio-1,4-dihydropyridines and acylation of 3-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazines. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 9, pp. 1394–1399, September, 2005.     

Synthesis of 1,2-diazepino[3,4-b]quinoxalines and pyrido[3′,4′:9,8][1,5,6]oxadiazonino[3,4-b]quinoxalines via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction

The reaction of 6-chloro-2-(1-methylhydrazino)quinoxaline 4-oxide 8 with furfural, 3-methyl-2-thiophene-carbaldehyde, 2-pyrrolecarbaldehyde, 4-pyridinecarbaldehyde and pyridoxal hydrochloride gave 6-chloro-2-[2-(2-furylmethylene)-1-methylhydrazino]quinoxaline 4-oxide 5a , 6-chloro-2-[1-methyl-2-(3-methyl-2-thienyl-methylene)hydrazino]quinoxaline 4-oxide 5b , 6-chloro-2-[1-methyl-2-(2-pyrrolylmethylene)hydrazino]quinoxa-line 4-oxide 5c , 6-chloro-2-[1-methyl-2-(4-pyridylmethylene)hydrazino]quinoxaline 4-oxide 5d and 6-chloro-2-[2-(3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-4-pyridylmethylene)-1-methylhydrazino]quinoxalme 4-oxide 5e , respectively. The reaction of compound 5a or 5b with 2-chloroacrylonitrile afforded 8-chloro-3-(2-furyl)-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,2-diazepino[3,4-b]quinoxaline-5-carbonitrile 6a or 8-chloro-4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-thienyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,2-diazepino[3,4-b]quinoxaline-5-carbonitrile 6b , respectively, while the reaction of compound 5e with 2-chloroacrylonitrile furnished 11-chloro-7,13-dihydro-4-hydroxy-methyl-5,14-methano-1,7-dimethyl-16-oxopyrido[3′,4′:9,8][1,5,6]oxadiazonino[3,4-b]quinoxaline 7.     

新型含哌嗪-磺酰胺的2(5H)-呋喃酮类化合物的合成及其抗癌活性

以糠醛为原料,经氧化、醚化和重结晶制得5-甲氧基-3,4-二溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮（4）; 4与哌嗪经Michael加成消除反应制得5-甲氧基-4-哌嗪基-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮（5）; 5与取代磺酰氯经磺酰化反应合成了7 个新型的含哌嗪-磺酰胺的2(5H)-呋喃酮类化合物(7a~7g),其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和HR-MS表征。初步的生物活性研究(MTT法)表明,7a~7g均能显著抑制人宫颈癌Hela细胞的增殖,其中5-甲氧基-4-(对乙酰氨基苯磺酰基-哌嗪基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮（7f）的抑制活性最佳,其IC₅₀为0.03 μM(24 h)。     

Reactions of 2-sulfanylethanol with mucochloric acid and its derivatives

Mucochloric acid reacted with 2-sulfanylethanol in the presence of triethylamine to give 3-chloro-5-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)furan-2(5H)-one which underwent acid-catalyzed cyclization to 7-chloro-2,3,4a,6-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b][1,4]oxathiin-6-one. Likewise, reactions of 5-alkoxy-3,4-dichlorofuran-2(5H)-ones with 2-sulfanylethanol in the presence of triethylamine involved replacement of chlorine in position 4 of the furan ring with formation of the corresponding 4-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl) derivatives. The reaction of mucochloric acid with 2-sulfanylethanol in excess aqueous potassium hydroxide resulted in the formation of an acyclic product, 3-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)-2-chloroprop-2-enoic acid. The structure of 7-chloro-2,3,4a,6-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-b][1,4]oxathiin-6-one and 3-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)-2-chloroprop-2-enoic acid was proved by X-ray analysis.     

Reactions of 2-mercaptoacetic acid with mucochloric acid and its derivatives

The stable products of reactions of mucochloric acid and some of its ethers with 2-mer-captoacetic acid were synthesized and characterized. The variation of experimental conditions allowed targeted introduction of a sulfur- containing fragment into particular position of the heterocycle: the reaction in aqueous potassium hydroxide gives 3-substituted 2(5H)-furanone the triethylamine additive in nonaqueous solvents facilitates the formation of 4-substituted products, and acid catalysis results in the replacement of the hydroxy (methoxy) group at C(5). (3,4-Dichloro-2-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-5-ylthio)ethanoic acid and (3-chloro-5-hydroxy-2oxo-2,5dihydrofuran-4-ylthio)ethanoic acid were characterized by X-ray diffraction; their crystal and gas-phase structures were discussed. The 5-monosubstituted product crystallizes as a racemate, while 4monosubstituted product, as a conglomerate.     

2－氯／2－甲磺酰基－5－（2－苯基－4－喹啉基）－1，3，4－噁二唑化合物的合成及其亲核取代的研究

借处理２－羟基－５－（２－苯基－４－喹啉基）－１，３，二唑同ＰＣｌ＿５／ＰＯＣｌ＿３之间的反应合成了２－氯－５－（２－苯基－４－喹啉基）－１，３，４－二唑（３）和通过２－基－５－（２－苯基－４－喹啉基）－１，３，４－二唑的甲基化，然后氧化制得２－甲磺酰基－５－（２－苯基－４－喹啉基）－１，３，４－二唑（６）．并分别研究了３和６同胺、叠氮及肼的反应，得到２，５－二取代的二唑新衍生物．初步观察了部分化合物的抗菌活性．     

5-（S）-孟氧基-3，4-二卤-2（5H）-呋喃酮与4-硝基邻苯二胺的Michael加成-消除反应

在Ft抖作为碱的温和条件下,5-（S）-孟氧基-3,4-二卤-2（5H）-呋喃酮与芳香胺4-硝基邻苯二胺发生串联的Michael加成-消除反应,生成了新的含有苯环结构的5-孟氧基-4-氨基-3-卤-2（5H）-呋喃酮类化合物。新化合物的结构通过紫外-可见光谱（UV-Vis）、红外光谱（IR）、质谱（MS）、核磁共振氢谱（1HNMR）、核磁共振碳谱（13CNMR）和元素分析等表征证实。该多环结构卤代2（5H）-呋喃酮化合物的合成,能为某些多官能团的结构复杂的2（5H）-呋喃酮化合物的合成提供新途径。     

A Simple Synthesis of Brominated Analogues of 3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy- 2(5H)-furanone (MX)

Abstract

Three brominated analogues of the highly mutagenic drinking water micropollutant 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (MX) have been synthesized from MX by halogen exchange reaction.     

含吡唑1,2,4-三唑噻二嗪衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

1-苯基-3-甲基-5-氯-4-吡唑甲醛与4-氨基-5-取代苯基-1,2,4-三唑-3-硫酮缩合生成4-(1-苯基-3-甲基-5-氯吡唑次甲亚胺基)-5-(取代苯基)-2H-1,2,4-三唑-3(4H)-硫酮,再烷基加成化为新型含吡唑基5,6-2H-1,2,4-三唑[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二嗪衍生物。 化合物结构经¹H NMR、IR以及元素分析确认。 初步生物活性测试结果表明,在100 mg/L浓度下,化合物8a(3-(2-甲基苯基)-6-(5-氯-2-甲基-4-苯基吡唑)-7-(4-硝基苯基)-5H-1,2,4-三唑[3,4-b][1,3,4]噻二嗪)对黄瓜炭疽病的抑制率达90%。     

Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for quantification of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone in chlorinated water samples

A method for the determination of 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2[5H]-furanone (MX), in drinking water by GC-MS with a limit of detection of 3.0 microg/l and a limit of quantification of 7.0 microg/l is presented. Clean-up by SPE and extraction of water samples with dichloromethane were carried out before the preconcentration of MX, which was derivatized directly in the injector of the GC, and the MX trimethylsilyl derivative was identified and quantitatively determined by MS.     

含三唑结构2(5H)-呋喃酮衍生物的合成

研究5-烷氧-3,4-二溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮与末端炔烃、叠氮化钠的"一锅煮"反应,没有得到预期的稠杂环化合物,仅得到了5-烷氧-4-三唑基-3-溴2(5H)-呋喃酮,产物的结构用紫外―可见光谱(UV-Vis)、红外光谱(IR)、质谱(MS)、核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C NMR)和元素分析等表征和证实。该含1,2,3-三唑结构溴代2(5H)-呋喃酮化合物的意外合成,能为某些多官能团的、结构复杂的2(5H)-呋喃酮化合物的合成提供新途径。     

3-羟基-4-甲基-5-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮的合成

报道了以草酸二乙酯为原料,制备具有焦糖香味的香料化合物3-羟基-4-甲基-5-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮的方法:首先乙基溴化镁与草酸二乙酯通过格氏反应,以约50%产率生成2-氧代丁酸乙酯,然后其在碳酸钾的作用下发生缩合反应,以约94%产率得到3-羟基-4-甲基-5-乙基-5-乙氧羰基-2(5H)-呋喃酮,再通过水解、脱羧反应,得到3-羟基-4-甲基-5-乙基-2(5H)-呋喃酮.路线总收率约36%.